Tkinter canvas-添加tags

1、tags的说明

Tags 是附在画布对象上的标签，Tags 由普通的非空白字符串组成。一个画布对象可以与多个 Tags 相关联，一个 Tag 也可用于描述多个画布对象。

Canvas 组件预定义了两个 Tags："all" 和 "current"

"all" 表示 Canvas 组件中的所有画布对象

"current" 表示鼠标指针下的画布对象（如果有的话）

2、addtag_above 为显示列表中 tagOrId 上方的画布对象添加 Tag

from tkinter import *


def addtag_above():
    """
    为显示列表中 tagOrId 上方的画布对象添加 Tag
    该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "above", tagOrId)
    tagOrId 可以是单个画布对象的 ID,也可以是某个 Tag
    """
    # 参数可以是对象ID
    canvas.addtag_above('newtag', line3)
    # 参数可以是某个tag
    canvas.addtag_above('newtag1', 'line3')
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        print(f'id:{i} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink', )
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink', tags='line3')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='为显示列表中tagOrId上方的画布对象添加Tag', command=addtag_above)
canvas.create_window((140, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

 3、addtag_below 为显示列表中 tagOrId 下方的画布对象添加 Tag

from tkinter import *


def addtag_below():
    """
    为显示列表中 tagOrId 下方的画布对象添加 Tag
    该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "below", tagOrId)
    tagOrId 可以是单个画布对象的 ID，也可以是某个 Tag
    """
    # 参数可以是对象ID
    canvas.addtag_below('newtag', line3)
    # 参数可以是某个tag
    canvas.addtag_below('newtag1', 'line3')
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        print(f'id:{i} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink', )
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink', tags='line3')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='为显示列表中 tagOrId 下方的画布对象添加 Tag', command=addtag_below)
canvas.create_window((140, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

 4、addtag_closest 将 Tag 添加到与给定坐标(x, y)相临近的画布对象

from tkinter import *


def addtag_closest():
    """
    将 Tag 添加到与给定坐标(x, y)相临近的画布对象
    可选参数 halo 指定一个距离，表示以(x, y)为中心，halo为半径，最接近半径的画布对象添加 Tag
    可选参数 start 指定一个画布对象，该方法将为低于但最接近该对象的画布对象添加 Tag
    该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "closet", x, y, halo=None, start=None)
    注1：使用的是画布坐标系
    注2：如果同时由几个画布对象与给定坐标(x, y)的距离相同，则为位于显示列表上方的那个画布对象添加 Tag
    """
    canvas.addtag_closest('newtag', 100, 40)
    canvas.addtag_closest('newtag1', 10, 28)
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        coord = canvas.coords(i)
        print(f'id:{i} coord:{coord} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink', )
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='将 Tag 添加到与给定坐标(x, y)相临近的画布对象', command=addtag_closest)
canvas.create_window((160, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

 5、addtag_enclosed 为所有坐标在矩形(x1, y1, x2, y2)中的画布对象添加 Tag

from tkinter import *


def addtag_enclosed():
    """
    为所有坐标在矩形(x1, y1, x2, y2)中的画布对象添加 Tag
    该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "enclosed", x1, y1, x2, y2)
    (画布对象必须全部在矩形中才算)
    """
    canvas.addtag_enclosed('newtag', 0, 0, 110, 50)
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        coord = canvas.coords(i)
        print(f'id:{i} coord:{coord} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink', )
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='添加Tag', command=addtag_enclosed)
canvas.create_window((140, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

 6、addtag_overlapping 为所有坐标在矩形(x1, y1, x2, y2)中的画布对象添加 Tag

from tkinter import *


def addtag_overlapping():
    """
    addtag_enclosed为所有坐标在矩形(x1, y1, x2, y2)中的画布对象添加 Tag
                   该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "enclosed", x1, y1, x2, y2)

    与addtag_enclosed() 方法相似,不过该方法范围更广(即使画布对象只有一部分在矩形中也算)
                   该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "overlapping", x1, y1, x2, y2)
    """
    canvas.addtag_overlapping('newtag', 0, 0, 110, 50)
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        coord = canvas.coords(i)
        print(f'id:{i} coord:{coord} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink', )
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='添加Tag', command=addtag_overlapping)
canvas.create_window((140, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

 7、addtag_withtag 为 tagOrId 参数指定的画布对象添加 Tag

from tkinter import *


def addtag_withtag():
    """
    为 tagOrId 参数指定的画布对象添加 Tag
    tagOrId 参数如果指定一个 Tag，则为所有拥有此 Tag 的画布对象添加新的 Tag
    tagOrId 参数如果指定一个画布对象，那么只为其添加 Tag
    该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "withtag", tagOrId)
    tagOrId 可以是单个画布对象的 ID，也可以是某个 Tag
    """
    # 参数可以是对象ID
    canvas.addtag_withtag('new_tag', line)
    # 参数可以是某个tag
    canvas.addtag_withtag('new_tag1', 'line')
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        coord = canvas.coords(i)
        print(f'id:{i} coord:{coord} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink')
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink', tags='line')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink', tags='line')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='添加Tag', command=addtag_withtag)
canvas.create_window((140, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

 8、addtag_all 为画布所有对象添加 Tag

from tkinter import *


def addtag_all():
    """
    为画布所有对象添加 Tag
    该方法相当于 addtag(tag, "all")
    """
    canvas.addtag_all('new_tag')
    show()


def show():
    # 打印画布所有对象的 ID 和 Tags
    for i in canvas.find_all():
        coord = canvas.coords(i)
        print(f'id:{i} coord:{coord} tags:{canvas.itemcget(i, "tags")}')
    print(''.center(20, '='))


win = Tk()

win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win, bg='white')
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
line = canvas.create_line(10, 10, 100, 10, width=5, fill='pink')
line2 = canvas.create_line(10, 20, 100, 20, width=5, fill='pink')
line3 = canvas.create_line(10, 30, 100, 30, width=5, fill='pink')
line4 = canvas.create_line(10, 40, 100, 40, width=5, fill='pink')
line5 = canvas.create_line(10, 50, 100, 50, width=5, fill='pink')
btn = Button(text='添加Tag', command=addtag_all)
canvas.create_window((140, 80), window=btn)
win.mainloop()