python爬虫等获取实时数据+Flume+Kafka+Spark Streaming+mysql+Echarts实现数据动态实时采集、分析、展示
使用爬虫等获取实时数据+Flume+Kafka+Spark Streaming+mysql+Echarts实现数据动态实时采集、分析、展示
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主要工作流程如下所示:
模拟随机数据,把数据实时传输到Linux虚拟机文件中。
使用Flume实时监控该文件,如果发现文件内容变动则进行处理,将数据抓取并传递到Kafka消息队列中。
之后使用Spark Streaming 实时处理Kafka中的数据,并写入Windows本机mysql数据库中,之后python读取mysql数据库中的数据并基于Echart图表对数据进行实时动态展示。
启动hadoop集群 myhadoop.sh start 【脚本参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/rainbow-1/p/16774523.html】
启动zookeeper集群 myzk.sh start 【脚本参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/rainbow-1/p/15319226.html】
启动kafka集群 kf.sh start 【脚本参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/rainbow-1/p/16015749.html】
一、实时数据的模拟
案例简化了第一步的流程,使用模拟数据进行测试,代码如下:
import datetime
import random
import time
import paramiko
hostname = "hadoop102"
port = 22
username = "root"
password = "000429"
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(hostname, port, username, password, compress=True)
sftp_client = client.open_sftp()
# try:
# for line in remote_file:
# print(line)
# finally:
# remote_file.close()
#获取系统时间
num1=3000
for i in range(1000):
remote_file = sftp_client.open("/opt/module/data/test1.csv", 'a') # 文件路径
time1 = datetime.datetime.now()
time1_str = datetime.datetime.strftime(time1, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("当前时间: " + time1_str)
time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
num1_str=str(num1+random.randint(-1300,1700))
print("当前随机数: "+num1_str)
remote_file.write(time1_str+","+num1_str+"\n")
remote_file.close()
- 主要过程
-
在/opt/module/data/路径下建立test1.csv文件
-
代码实现远程连接虚拟机hadoop102并以root用户身份登录,打开需要上传的文件目录。
-
使用一个for循环间隔随机1到3秒向文件中写入一些数据。
二、Flume实时监控文件
-
进入/opt/module/flume/job路径编辑配置文件信息(myflume.conf)
内容如下:其中指定了被监控文件的路径,Kafka服务主机地址,Kafka主题和序列化等信息
#给agent中的三个组件source、sink和channel各起一个别名,a1代表为agent起的别名
a1.sources = r1
a1.channels = c1
a1.sinks = k1
# source属性配置信息
a1.sources.r1.type = exec
#a1.sources.r1.bind = localhost
#a1.sources.r1.port = 44444
a1.sources.r1.command=tail -F /opt/module/data/test1.csv
# sink属性配置信息
a1.sinks.k1.type = org.apache.flume.sink.kafka.KafkaSink
a1.sinks.k1.kafka.bootstrap.servers:hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092
a1.sinks.k1.kafka.topic=first
a1.sinks.k1.serializer.class=kafka.serializer.StringEncoer
#channel属性配置信息
#内存模式
a1.channels.c1.type = memory
a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000
#传输参数设置
a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity=100
#绑定source和sink到channel上
a1.sources.r1.channels=c1
a1.sinks.k1.channel=c1
- 在/opt/module/flume 路径下开启Flume,此时Flume开始监控目标文件(job/myflume.conf)
bin/flume-ng agent -c conf/ -n a1 -f job/myflume.conf -Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console
三、使用Spark Streaming完成数据计算
-
新建一个名为first的消费主题(topic)
bin/kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server hadoop102:9092 --create --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1 --topic first1
-
新建Maven项目,编写代码,Kafka的topic主题的消费者
pom.xml配置如下:注意此处各个资源的版本号一定要与本机(IDEA编译器)的Scala版本一致,博主为Scala 2.12.11
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.reliable.ycw</groupId> <artifactId>spark-test</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.spark/spark-network-common --> <!--<dependency>--> <!--<groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>--> <!--<artifactId>spark-network-common_2.12</artifactId>--> <!--<version>3.0.0</version>--> <!--</dependency>--> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.18</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId> <artifactId>spark-core_2.12</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.spark/spark-streaming --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId> <artifactId>spark-streaming_2.12</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.spark/spark-streaming-kafka-0-10 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId> <artifactId>spark-streaming-kafka-0-10_2.12</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId> <artifactId>scala-library</artifactId> <version>2.12.11</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId> <artifactId>scala-compiler</artifactId> <version>2.12.11</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId> <artifactId>scala-reflect</artifactId> <version>2.12.11</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!-- 该插件用于将 Scala 代码编译成 class 文件 --> <plugin> <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId> <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> <executions> <execution> <!-- 声明绑定到 maven 的 compile 阶段 --> <goals> <goal>testCompile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <configuration> <descriptorRefs> <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef> </descriptorRefs> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>8</source> <target>8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
消费者类代码如下:
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer import org.apache.spark.SparkConf import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.ConsumerStrategies.Subscribe import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.KafkaUtils import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.LocationStrategies.PreferConsistent import java.sql.DriverManager import java.text.SimpleDateFormat import java.util.Date /** * 主要是计算X秒内数据条数的变化 * 比如5秒内进来4条数据 */ import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext} /** Utility functions for Spark Streaming examples.*/ object StreamingExamples extends App{ /** Set reasonable logging levels for streaming if the user has not configured log4j.*/ // def setStreamingLogLevels() { // val log4jInitialized = Logger.getRootLogger.getAllAppenders.hasMoreElements // if (!log4jInitialized) { // // We first log Appsomething to initialize Spark's default logging, then we override the // // logging level. // logInfo("Setting log level to [WARN] for streaming example." + // " To override add a custom log4j.properties to the classpath.") // Logger.getRootLogger.setLevel(Level.WARN) // } // } val conf=new SparkConf().setMaster("local").setAppName("jm") .set("spark.streaming.kafka.MaxRatePerPartition","3") .set("spark.local.dir","./tmp") .set("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer") //创建上下文,5s为批处理间隔 val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(5)) //配置kafka参数,根据broker和topic创建连接Kafka 直接连接 direct kafka val KafkaParams = Map[String,Object]( //brokers地址 "bootstrap.servers"->"hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092", //序列化类型 "key.deserializer"->classOf[StringDeserializer], "value.deserializer" -> classOf[StringDeserializer], "group.id" -> "MyGroupId", //设置手动提交消费者offset "enable.auto.commit" -> (false: java.lang.Boolean)//默认是true ) //获取KafkaDStream val kafkaDirectStream = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream[String,String](ssc, PreferConsistent,Subscribe[String,String](List("first"),KafkaParams)) kafkaDirectStream.print() var num=kafkaDirectStream.count() var num_1="" num foreachRDD (x => { //var res=x.map(line=>line.split(",")) val connection = getCon() var time = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date).toString var sql = "insert into content_num values('" + time + "'," + x.collect()(0) + ")" connection.createStatement().execute(sql) connection.close() }) // print("sdfasdf") // print(num_1) //根据得到的kafak信息,切分得到用户电话DStream // val nameAddrStream = kafkaDirectStream.map(_.value()).filter(record=>{ // val tokens: Array[String] = record.split(",") // tokens(1).toInt==0 // }) // // nameAddrStream.print() // .map(record=>{ // val tokens = record.split("\t") // (tokens(0),tokens(1)) // }) // // // val namePhoneStream = kafkaDirectStream.map(_.value()).filter( // record=>{ // val tokens = record.split("\t") // tokens(2).toInt == 1 // } // ).map(record=>{ // val tokens = record.split("\t") // (tokens(0),tokens(1)) // }) // // //以用户名为key,将地址电话配对在一起,并产生固定格式的地址电话信息 // val nameAddrPhoneStream = nameAddrStream.join(namePhoneStream).map( // record=>{ // s"姓名:${record._1},地址:${record._2._1},邮编:${record._2._2}" // } // ) // //打印输出 // nameAddrPhoneStream.print() //开始计算 ssc.start() ssc.awaitTermination() def getCon()={ Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver") DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spark?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8","root","reliable") } }
这段代码指定了虚拟机中Kafka的主题信息,并从中定时获取(博主设置的为5秒)期间变化的信息量,完成计算后把本机的时间和信息变化量存储到本地Mysql数据库中【库spark 表content_num 字段 type num】
-
注意指定时区和编码
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spark?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
-
四、可视化
使用Echarts平滑折线图完成数据的展示
- 后台读取mysql的数据【spark_sql.py】
import pymysql
def get_conn():
"""
获取连接和游标
:return:
"""
conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1",
user="root",
password="reliable",
db="spark",
charset="utf8")
cursor = conn.cursor()
return conn, cursor
def close_conn(conn, cursor):
"""
关闭连接和游标
:param conn:
:param cursor:
:return:
"""
if cursor:
cursor.close()
if conn:
conn.close()
# query
def query(sql, *args):
"""
通用封装查询
:param sql:
:param args:
:return:返回查询结果 ((),())
"""
conn, cursor = get_conn()
print(sql)
cursor.execute(sql)
res = cursor.fetchall()
close_conn(conn, cursor)
return res
def dynamic_bar():
# 获取数据库连接
conn, cursor = get_conn()
if (conn != None):
print("数据库连接成功!")
typenumsql = "select * from content_num order by num desc limit 11;"
detail_sql = ""
res_title = query(typenumsql)
type_num = [] # 存储类别+数量
for item1 in res_title:
type_num.append(item1)
return type_num
- 路由获取后台数据
@app.route('/dynamic_bar')
def dynamic_bar():
res_list=spark_sql.dynamic_bar()
my_list=[]
list_0=[]
list_1=[]
for item in res_list:
list_0.append(item[0])
list_1.append(item[1])
my_list.append(list_0)
my_list.append(list_1)
return {"data":my_list}
- 前台绘制折线图 line.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html style="height: 100%">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body style="height: 100%; margin: 0">
<div id="container" style="height: 100%"></div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/echarts.min.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
<script>
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
var app = {};
var option;
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
option = {
tooltip: {
trigger: 'axis',
axisPointer: {
type: 'shadow'
}
},
grid: {
left: '3%',
right: '4%',
bottom: '3%',
containLabel: true
},
xAxis: [
{
type: 'category',
data: [],
axisTick: {
alignWithLabel: true
}
}
],
yAxis: [
{
type: 'value'
}
],
series: [
{
name: 'Direct',
type: 'line',
barWidth: '60%',
data: []
}
]
};
if (option && typeof option === 'object') {
myChart.setOption(option);
}
function update(){
$.ajax({
url:"/dynamic_bar",
async:true,
success:function (data) {
option.xAxis[0].data=data.data[0]
option.series[0].data=data.data[1]
myChart.setOption(option);
},
error:function (xhr,type,errorThrown) {
alert("出现错误!")
}
})
}
setInterval("update()",100)
</script>
可视化这里需要注意的点:
- 注意先引入echarts.min.js再引入jquery-3.3.1.min.js
- 注意指定放置图像的div块的大小
- 把赋值方法放在图像初始化配置代码的后面
- 注意设置方法循环执行:setInterval("update()",100)
小结:整个流程的关键在于对实时数据的监控和展示,首先要保证数据传输的动态性,其次要保证Flume实时监控数据的变化。其中使用Kafka的目的在于当数据量足够大的时候,往往会出现数据的监控和采集速度跟不上数据的变化,所以采用Kafka消息队列机制,让其缓冲数据以实现大数据量的处理,后续需要编写Spark Streaming代码完成对消息的收集处理(存入本地mysql数据库),最后读取数据库数据并用折线图完成动态展示效果,数据库的数据是实时变动的,这就需要在读取的时候要读到最新进来的数据,这样才能看到图线的动态效果。(下图的图线会随着数据的变化动态改变!)
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