Redis的安装和使用

引言

Redis 是基于内存的、采用Key-Value结构化存储的NoSQL数据库，底层采用单线程和多路IO复用模型加快查询速度。

• 支持多种数据格式的存储；
• 支持持久化存储；
• 支持集群部署。

安装

Windows安装

Redis 官方不支持Windows的安装，通过启用windows自带的WSL2 （(Windows Subsystem for Linux）Linux子系统工具可以使用和安装。
Windows 版本要求大于10 。

具体安装流程和Linux安装一致。

Linux安装

大多数Linux发行版本提供了Redis的安装包，通过安装软件包命令可以从远程安装对应的工具。

Ubuntu/Debian 系统的安装流程如下：

1. 添加Redis官方软件仓库源到Apt软件。

curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install redis

2. 前置要求:如果运行的像是docker这类最小发行版本需要先安装 lsb-release 。

sudo apt install lsb-release

Redis启动

Linux Ubuntu/Debian 系统启动命令如下：

sudo service redis-server start

Redis访问

通过官方的Cli工具访问：

redis-cli 

Usage: redis-cli [OPTIONS] [cmd [arg [arg ...]]]
  -h <hostname>      Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1).
  -p <port>          Server port (default: 6379).
  -s <socket>        Server socket (overrides hostname and port).
  -a <password>      Password to use when connecting to the server.
                     You can also use the REDISCLI_AUTH environment
                     variable to pass this password more safely
                     (if both are used, this argument takes precedence).

Redis配置

详细配置例子查看 https://redis.io/docs/management/config-file/

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379


# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 60

# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting
# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using
# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>
# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.
#
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
#
requirepass redis1234

分布式部署

需要修改集群的相关配置，此处从略。 详情可参考网络或者 https://redis.io/docs/management/replication/

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################

# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
cluster-enabled yes

Springboot集成redis

1. 修改依赖加入Redis启动项目，此处以maven为例子说明。

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- redis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

• 修改配置，指定redis启动。

spring:
  # Redis 配置
  redis:
    # Redis 服务器地址
    host: 127.0.0.1
    # 连接端口号
    port: 6379
    # 数据库索引（0 - 15）
    password: redis1234
    database: 0
    # 连接超时时间（毫秒）
    timeout: 600000
    # lettuce 参数
    lettuce:
      pool:
        # 最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制) 默认为 8
        max-active: 10
        # 最大阻塞等待时间(使用负值表示没有限制) 默认为 -1 ms
        max-wait: -1
        # 最大空闲连接 默认为 8
        max-idle: 5
        # 最小空闲连接 默认为 0
        min-idle: 0

• 增加 RedisTemplate 序列化配置，以FastJSON2为例子说明。

@Configuration
public class RedisConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        RedisTemplate redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);

        GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer fastJsonRedisSerializer = new GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer();
        redisTemplate.setDefaultSerializer(fastJsonRedisSerializer);//设置默认的Serialize，包含 keySerializer & valueSerializer
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(fastJsonRedisSerializer);//单独设置keySerializer
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(fastJsonRedisSerializer);//单独设置valueSerializer
        return redisTemplate;
    }
}

• 使用的demo，通过RedisTemplate访问。

@RestController
@Api(tags = "demo")
@RequestMapping("/v1/demo/")
@Slf4j
public class RedisDemo {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @ApiOperation(value = "get")
    @PostMapping("get")
    @ResponseBody
    public Object get(String key) {
        ValueOperations valueOperations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
        Object val = valueOperations.get(key);
        return val;
    }

    @ApiOperation(value = "set")
    @PostMapping("set")
    @ResponseBody
    public Boolean set(String key,String val) {
        ValueOperations valueOperations = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
        valueOperations.set(key,val);
        return true;
    }

    @ApiOperation(value = "delete")
    @PostMapping("delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public Boolean delete(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.delete(key);
    }
}

参考

• Install Redis on Linux