python爬虫之Scrapy 使用代理配置——乾颐堂
在爬取网站内容的时候,最常遇到的问题是:网站对IP有限制,会有防抓取功能,最好的办法就是IP轮换抓取(加代理)
下面来说一下Scrapy如何配置代理,进行抓取
1.在Scrapy工程下新建“middlewares.py”
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# Importing base64 library because we'll need it ONLY in case if the proxy we are going to use requires authentication import base64 # Start your middleware class class ProxyMiddleware( object ): # overwrite process request def process_request( self , request, spider): # Set the location of the proxy request.meta[ 'proxy' ] = "http://YOUR_PROXY_IP:PORT" # Use the following lines if your proxy requires authentication proxy_user_pass = "USERNAME:PASSWORD" # setup basic authentication for the proxy encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy_user_pass) request.headers[ 'Proxy-Authorization' ] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass |
2.在项目配置文件里(./pythontab/settings.py)添加
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DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware' : 110 , 'pythontab.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware' : 100 , } |
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