dns和dhcp服务和mariadb服务
1：dhcp服务
就是自动的获取地址，即可
路由器分配ip地址，安装了dhcp服务器，
目的：客户端自动的获取ip地址
操作：
#安装包名
[root@rhel9 /]# yum -y install dhcp-server
[root@rhel9 /]# systemctl status dhcpd
○ dhcpd.service - DHCPv4 Server Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service; disa>
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:dhcpd(8)
man:dhcpd.conf(5)
dhcp配置文件在这里
[root@rhel9 dhcp]# ls
dhclient.d dhcpd6.conf dhcpd.conf
[root@rhel9 dhcp]# pwd
/etc/dhcp
[root@rhel9 dhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example
# see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
subnet 192.168.109.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
range 192.168.109.77 192.168.109.89; ##dhcp地址段就在里面
option routers 192.168.109.2; ##默认的路由
option broadcast-address 192.168.109.255; ##广播地址
default-lease-time 7200; ##默认的租期
max-lease-time 24000; #最大的租期
}
客户端就只需要网卡自启，开启dhcp服务即可，就能获得dhcp自动分配的地址了
dhcp固定地址：
就是设置某些主机是固定的
###思路就是先绑定mac地址即可
subnet 192.168.109.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
range 192.168.109.25 192.168.109.200;
option routers 192.168.109.2;
option broadcast-address 192.168.109.255;
default-lease-time 1000;
max-lease-time 3000;
}
host 339
{
hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:f8:f4:11;
fixed-address 192.168.109.88;
}
客户端需要自动的获取地址
2：dns服务
正反解查询命令：host，nslookup，dig命令
1、host命令
#查询这个命令在哪里包 [root@rhel9 /]# host www.baidu.com www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com. www.a.shifen.com has address 183.2.172.185 www.a.shifen.com has address 183.2.172.42 www.a.shifen.com has IPv6 address 240e:ff:e020:966:0:ff:b042:f296 www.a.shifen.com has IPv6 address 240e:ff:e020:9ae:0:ff:b014:8e8b [root@rhel9 /]# host -a www.baidu.com Trying "www.baidu.com" ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42023 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.baidu.com. IN ANY ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.baidu.com. 1173 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com. Received 58 bytes from 119.29.29.29#53 in 21 ms
2、nslookup命令
[root@rhel9 /]# nslookup www.baidu.com Server: 119.29.29.29 Address: 119.29.29.29#53 #为119这个的53为端口 Non-authoritative answer: www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com. Name: www.a.shifen.com Address: 180.101.50.188 Name: www.a.shifen.com Address: 180.101.50.242 Name: www.a.shifen.com Address: 240e:ff:e020:966:0:ff:b042:f296 Name: www.a.shifen.com Address: 240e:ff:e020:9ae:0:ff:b014:8e8b #查看本机的dns服务ip地址 [root@rhel9 /]# nslookup server Server: 119.29.29.29 Address: 119.29.29.29#53 ** server can't find server: NXDOMAIN
3、dig命令
域名查询命令，
[root@rhel9 /]# dig www.baidu.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.23-RH <<>> www.baidu.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4101 ##noerror本次检查没有问题 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ; COOKIE: 04d491e686ffa7f3 (echoed) ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.baidu.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.baidu.com. 1137 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com. www.a.shifen.com. 237 IN A 180.101.50.242 www.a.shifen.com. 237 IN A 180.101.50.188 ;; Query time: 26 msec ;; SERVER: 119.29.29.29#53(119.29.29.29) ;; WHEN: Fri May 10 15:58:10 CST 2024 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 113
目的：将www.cs107.net这个域名解析为192.168.109.222这个地址
dns服务器操作：
[root@rhel9 /]# yum -y install bind
#主配置文件修改
[root@rhel9 /]# vim /etc/named.conf
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1;any; };
allow-query { localhost;any; };
dnssec-validation no;
子配置文件的修改
[root@rhel9 /]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "cs107.net" IN{ ##解析这个域名
type master;
file "eee.zone"; ##zone的文件为
allow-update { none; };
};
#zone的配置文件修改
直接复制模版文件
[root@rhel9 /]# cp /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/eee.zone
[root@rhel9 /]# cat /var/named/eee.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA cs107.net. rname.invalid. ( ###这个就是域名
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
@ NS www.cs107.net. ###要解析的
www A 192.168.109.222 ###www.cs107.net 解析为 这个ip地址
#检查格式
[root@rhel9 /]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@rhel9 /]# named-checkconf /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
最后一个检查要进入里面去才行
[root@rhel9 named]# pwd
/var/named
[root@rhel9 named]# named-checkzone eee.zone eee.zone
zone eee.zone/IN: loaded serial 0
OK
#重启服务
[root@rhel9 named]# systemctl restart named
客户端的操作：
#指定域名解析服务器 [root@client ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 192.168.109.10
注意的点就是zone文件的拥有人和组都是named用户才行，才能进行读取
防火墙和selinux的放行
[root@rhel9 named]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns success [root@rhel9 named]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@rhel9 named]# setsebool -P named_write_master_zones on
3：数据库服务
yum -y install mariadb-server systemctl restart mariadb systemctl enable mariadb mysql_secure_installation mysql -uroot -predhat
