实验
1：在离线的环境中导入镜像
在无法访问外网的情况下，通过将docker镜像导出为一个包，然后导入到另外的一台计算机上面，从而实现了不用访问外网就能拉取镜像了
#将镜像输出到这个tar包 [root@cleint ~]# docker save -o centos.tar centos #通过第三方的工具将这个tar包传输到其他机器上面，然后进行导入 [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@cleint ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar docker-hello project qcy-centos [root@cleint ~]# docker load -i centos.tar Loaded image: centos:latest [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB #因此实现了不能访问外网的情况下，拉取镜像了
2：使用dockercommit命令基于容器构建镜像
有一个容器做成了web页面，所有的虚拟机都想要这个web页面的功能，直接基于这个提供web页面的容器做成一个镜像，然后虚拟机直接基于这个web容器镜像构建一个容器，从而提供了web页面
#搭建一个提供web页面的容器
[root@cleint ~]# docker run -tid --name 8080-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx /bin/bash
a9161cf2c12713f4ec492b2e9c32aa75d1c8556457db07f33689282adcaf4d9c
#进行访问
[root@cleint ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
#基于这个容器做成一个镜像
[root@cleint ~]# docker commit 8080-nginx web-nginx
sha256:c072b790098d75f0082adb87b0abc0d9757c4db74f1ce9018854cae7ae22dccf
[root@cleint ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
web-nginx latest c072b790098d 3 seconds ago 187MB
nginx latest 92b11f67642b 6 weeks ago 187MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB
[root@cleint ~]# docker run -tid --name q1 -p 7777:80 web-nginx /bin/bash
a66b1611c6cea9276f904f5fb410f632d325066939c72e221906e6607f0ef3b8
[root@cleint ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a66b1611c6ce web-nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:7777->80/tcp, :::7777->80/tcp q1
a9161cf2c127 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp 8080-nginx
#进入这个容器里面，需要打开这个容器的服务nginx
#进行访问
[root@cleint ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:7777
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
#从而实现了基于这个已有的容器做成一个镜像，然后再来生成一个容器，这个容器会保留之前所做的一些操作
3：使用第三方容器仓库
使用第三方的仓库，进行上传镜像，下载镜像
这个非常的遍历，就是使用这个仓库的话，因为网络的容器仓库有的属于国外的，所以的话拉取镜像的速度就比较的慢，需要自己的仓库即可
操作步骤：
#登录第三方的容器仓库 docker login uhub.service.ucloud.cn username 邮箱 password 密码 #对于要推送的镜像打上标签，只有标签是一致的，才能实现上传 #格式为 uhub.service.ucloud.cn这个 docker tag centos:latest uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest #然后拉取镜像，从镜像仓库里面进行拉取 [root@cleint yum.repos.d]# docker pull uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest latest: Pulling from admins/centos Digest: sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc Status: Downloaded newer image for uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest #查看容器镜像仓库 可以使用skopeo这个命令进行查看远程的容器仓库
4：使用docker build命令基于dockerfile构建镜像
案例：使用dockerfile来构建一个镜像，然后里面有nginx.repo源，然后进行访问即可
#首先创建一个nginx.repo文件 #创建一个dockerfile文件 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# ls dockerfile nginx.repo [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# pwd /root/dockerfile-test [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# cat dockerfile FROM centos RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo COPY ./nginx.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ RUN yum clean all && yum makecache RUN yum -y install nginx RUN echo "Hello this is nginx server" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html EXPOSE 80 CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"] [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# cat nginx.repo [nginx] name=nginx baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 #然后使用dockerfile来创建一个镜像 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker build -t centos-nginx . #创建一个容器 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker run -tid --name c1 -p 8080:80 centos-nginx 110106833b9569158312a08a32898da18af450d93ab135c080a23337486c06b1 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 110106833b95 centos-nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp c1 #访问 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# curl 0.0.0.0:8080 Hello this is nginx server
5：当容器内部无法进行上网的操作
yum -y install autoconf yum -y install gcc wget http://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/bridge-utils/bridge-utils-1.6.tar.gz tar -xvf bridge-utils-1.6.tar.gz cd bridge-utils-1.6/ autoconf ./configure make make install systemctl stop docker ip link set dev docker0 down brctl delbr docker0 systemctl restart docker
6：创建一个自定义的桥接网络
网段为192.168.107.0/24 网关为192.168.107.254
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.107.0/24 --gateway 192.168.107.254 n1
8aec3d57d238b34eb6e0cb31b71775511bddfefebe8f87cb309150909c1fc646
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
d1ea2ab3dab8 bridge bridge local
5f3fcf22894d host host local
8aec3d57d238 n1 bridge local
b99add30e794 none null local
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker inspect n1
[
{
"Name": "n1",
"Id": "8aec3d57d238b34eb6e0cb31b71775511bddfefebe8f87cb309150909c1fc646",
"Created": "2024-04-23T20:06:37.31247228+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.107.0/24",
"Gateway": "192.168.107.254"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
]
#创建一个容器，连接到这个n1的桥接网卡上面
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker run -tid --name q1 --network n1 centos /bin/bash
d098c15e25afd7d39a672f8193a658249016cfecd3e62f309cae4c7a317b94a9
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d098c15e25af centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds q1
110106833b95 centos-nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp c1
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker exec -ti q1 /bin/bash
[root@d098c15e25af /]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.42) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.2.172.42 (183.2.172.42): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=48.10 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.952/48.952/48.952/0.000 ms
#查看容器的ip信息
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker inspect q1 | grep -i address
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:6b:01",
"IPAddress": "192.168.107.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
7：创建一个卷，并让一个容器挂载
[root@docker ~]# docker volume create v1
v1
[root@docker ~]# docker run -tid --name q1 -v v1:/opt/data centos /bin/bash
c57bce59a329cc750bc9c4b1ea4985fa16806d7610cfcfd16b9b547d0846d856
[root@docker ~]# docker volume inspect v1
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2024-04-25T09:09:43+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/v1/_data",
"Name": "v1",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
8：dockerfile指令
