Executor

Executor

它在java.util.cocurrent 包下,通过该框架来控制线程的启动、执行和关闭,可以简化并发编程的操作。因此,在Java 5之后,通过Executor来启动线程比使用Thread的start方法更好,除了更易管理,效率更好(用线程池实现,节约开销)外,还有关键的一点:有助于避免this逃逸问题——如果我们在构造器中启动一个线程,因为另一个任务可能会在构造器结束之前开始执行,此时可能会访问到初始化了一半的对象用Executor在构造器中。

Executor框架包括:线程池,Executor,Executors,ExecutorService,CompletionService,Future,Callable等。

 

依赖与继承:

ThreadPoolExecutor

  extends AbstractExecutorService

AbstractExecutorService

   implements ExecutorService

interface ExecutorService

   extends Executor

 

newFixThreadPool

创建固定数目线程的线程池。

    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }

 

 

public class Demo2{


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //10个线程处理大量任务
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);


        while (true){
            pool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                }
            });
        }
    }
}

 

 

newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程

 

 

newScheduledThreadPool创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行

public class Demo2{


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //10个线程处理大量任务
        ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);


        while (true){
            pool.schedule(new Runnable() {

                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //5秒后执行
          }
        }
    }

 

newSingleThreadExecutor创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行



ForkJoinPool

 

Executors.newWorkStealingPool();

    public static ExecutorService newWorkStealingPool() {
        return new ForkJoinPool
            (Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(),
             ForkJoinPool.defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,
             null, true);
    }

 

ForkJoinPool  execute()

 

Runnable()包装成了ForkJoinTask

    public void execute(Runnable task) {
        if (task == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        ForkJoinTask<?> job;
        if (task instanceof ForkJoinTask<?>) // avoid re-wrap
            job = (ForkJoinTask<?>) task;
        else
            job = new ForkJoinTask.RunnableExecuteAction(task);
        externalPush(job);
    }

 

举例:

 1 public class Demo2{
 2 
 3 
 4     public static void main(String[] args) {
 5         ExecutorService pool = Executors.newWorkStealingPool();
 6 
 7         while (true){
 8             pool.execute(new Runnable() {
 9 
10                 @Override
11                 public void run() {
12                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
13                     try {
14                         Thread.sleep(100);
15                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
16                         e.printStackTrace();
17                     }
18                 }
19             });
20         }
21     }
22 
23 }

 

 

ExecutorService  的 submit()

<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);

submit(Callable):与submit(Callable)类似,也会返回一个Future对象,但是除此之外,submit(Callable)接收的是一个Callable的实现,Callable接口中的call()方法有一个返回值,可以返回任务的执行结果,而Runnable接口中的run()方法是void的,没有返回值。

1           Future<Integer> f = pool.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
2 
3 
4               @Override
5               public Integer call() throws Exception {
6                   return null;
7               }
8           });

换成Runnable()

submit(Runnable)方法:返回一个Future对象,通过返回的Future对象,我们可以检查提交的任务是否执行完毕。

1             Future<?> f = pool.submit(new Runnable() {
2 
3                 @Override
4                 public void run() {
5 
6                 }
7             });
public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService

AbstractExecutorService submit()

runnable() 封装成了 RunnableFuture
    public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
        execute(ftask);
        return ftask;
    }
interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V>


Callable同样也是RunnableFuture
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
        execute(ftask);
        return ftask;
    }

newTaskFor

    protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
        return new FutureTask<T>(callable);
    }

 

 

当使用 ExecutorService 完毕之后,我们应该关闭它,这样才能保证线程不会继续保持运行状态。 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

posted @ 2019-07-19 12:08  曲阳阳  阅读(395)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报