tomcat安装 

二进制文件安装
#官网或镜像网站下载：
[root@centos8 ~]#wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.50/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz
[root@centos8 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos8 ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@centos8 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.50/tomcat
#指定PATH变量
[root@centos8 ~]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@centos8 ~]#. /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@centos8 ~]#echo $PATH /usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/root/bin

#查看当前变量设置和命令用法
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh

#查看环境变量和版本信息
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh version

#启动tomcat 
[root@centos8 ~]#startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:       /usr/local/jdk/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

#查看端口
[root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port     
LISTEN      0      128                 0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*         
LISTEN      0      100                       *:8080               *:*         
LISTEN      0      128                   [::]:22               [::]:*         
LISTEN      0      1       [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005               *:*  

#关闭tomcat
[root@centos8 ~]#shutdown.sh

#或者以下也可以,指定10s后停止,默认5s
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh stop 10

#再次用不同方式启动tomcat 
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh start

#再次用不同方式关闭tomcat 
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh stop
 
配置tomcat自启动的service文件
#创建tomcat专用帐户
[root@centos8 ~]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin tomcat

#准备service文件中相关环境文件
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
#两个变量至少设置一项才能启动 tomcat
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
#JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jre 

#如果不指定上面变量,/var/log/messages文件中会出现下面无法启动错误提示
Mar 15 14:30:09 centos8 startup.sh[1530]: Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME 
environment variable is defined
Mar 15 14:30:09 centos8 startup.sh[1530]: At least one of these environment 
variable is needed to run this program

[root@centos8 ~]#chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/

#创建tomcat.service文件
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
#After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=syslog.target network.target 
[Service]
Type=forking
#以下二选一
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
#或者，如果没有创建上面的/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf文件，可以加下面一行也可
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
PrivateTmp=true
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now tomcat
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → 
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.

[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor 
preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-02-08 23:37:02 CST; 5s ago
 Process: 14312 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, 
status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14320 (java)
   Tasks: 43 (limit: 4895)
   Memory: 64.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
           └─14320 /usr/local/jdk/jre/bin/java -
Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging>
Feb 08 23:37:02 centos8.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Feb 08 23:37:02 centos8.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.

#查看日志
[root@centos8 ~]#tail /var/log/messages 
Mar 15 14:32:13 centos8 systemd[1]: Reloading.
Mar 15 14:32:23 centos8 systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Mar 15 14:32:23 centos8 startup.sh[1575]: Tomcat started.
Mar 15 14:32:23 centos8 systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.

 

一键安装脚本（带jdk）
JDK_FILE="jdk-11.0.15.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz"
#JDK_FILE="jdk-11.0.14_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz"
#JDK_FILE="jdk-8u281-linux-x64.tar.gz"
TOMCAT_FILE="apache-tomcat-9.0.64.tar.gz"
#TOMCAT_FILE="apache-tomcat-9.0.59.tar.gz"
#TOMCAT_FILE="apache-tomcat-8.5.64.tar.gz"
JDK_DIR="/usr/local"
TOMCAT_DIR="/usr/local"
DIR=`pwd`

color () {
    RES_COL=60
    MOVE_TO_COL="echo -en \\033[${RES_COL}G"
    SETCOLOR_SUCCESS="echo -en \\033[1;32m"
    SETCOLOR_FAILURE="echo -en \\033[1;31m"
    SETCOLOR_WARNING="echo -en \\033[1;33m"
    SETCOLOR_NORMAL="echo -en \E[0m"
    echo -n "$2" && $MOVE_TO_COL
    echo -n "["
    if [ $1 = "success" -o $1 = "0" ] ;then
        ${SETCOLOR_SUCCESS}
        echo -n $"  OK  "    
    elif [ $1 = "failure" -o $1 = "1"  ] ;then
        ${SETCOLOR_FAILURE}
        echo -n $"FAILED"
    else
        ${SETCOLOR_WARNING}
        echo -n $"WARNING"
    fi
    ${SETCOLOR_NORMAL}
    echo -n "]"
    echo                                                                                                                              
}



install_jdk(){
if !  [  -f "$DIR/$JDK_FILE" ];then
    color 1 "$JDK_FILE 文件不存在" 
    exit; 
elif [ -d $JDK_DIR/jdk ];then
    color 1  "JDK 已经安装" 
    exit
else 
    [ -d "$JDK_DIR" ] || mkdir -pv $JDK_DIR
fi
tar xvf $DIR/$JDK_FILE  -C $JDK_DIR
cd  $JDK_DIR && ln -s jdk* jdk 

cat >  /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh <<EOF
export JAVA_HOME=$JDK_DIR/jdk
export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin
#export JRE_HOME=\$JAVA_HOME/jre
#export CLASSPATH=.:\$JAVA_HOME/lib/:\$JRE_HOME/lib/
EOF
.  /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
java -version && color 0 "JDK 安装完成" || { color 1  "JDK 安装失败" ; exit; }

}

install_tomcat(){
if ! [ -f "$DIR/$TOMCAT_FILE" ];then
    color 1 "$TOMCAT_FILE 文件不存在" 
    exit; 
elif [ -d $TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat ];then
    color 1 "TOMCAT 已经安装" 
    exit
else 
    [ -d "$TOMCAT_DIR" ] || mkdir -pv $TOMCAT_DIR
fi
tar xf $DIR/$TOMCAT_FILE -C $TOMCAT_DIR
cd  $TOMCAT_DIR && ln -s apache-tomcat-*/  tomcat
echo "PATH=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/bin:"'$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
id tomcat &> /dev/null || useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin tomcat

cat > $TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf <<EOF
JAVA_HOME=$JDK_DIR/jdk
EOF

chown -R tomcat.tomcat $TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/

cat > /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service  <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
#After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=syslog.target network.target 

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
ExecStart=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
RestartSec=3
PrivateTmp=true
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now tomcat.service &> /dev/null
systemctl is-active tomcat.service &> /dev/null &&  color 0 "TOMCAT 安装完成" || { color 1 "TOMCAT 安装失败" ; exit; }

}

install_jdk 

install_tomcat

 

扩展知识：tomcat 和 catalina 关系
Tomcat的servlet容器在4.X版本中被Craig McClanahan(Apache Struts项目的创始人,也是Tomcat
的 Catalina 的架构师)重新设计为Catalina.即Catalina就是servlet容器。
Tomcat的核心分为3个部分:
（1）Web容器:处理静态页面；
（2）JSP容器:把jsp页面翻译成一般的 servlet
（3）catalina: 是一个servlet容器,用于处理servlet
Catalina是美国西海岸靠近洛杉矶22英里的一个小岛，因为其风景秀丽而著名，曾被评为全美最漂亮的小
岛。Servlet运行模块的最早开发者Craig McClanahan因为喜欢Catalina岛,故以Catalina命名他所开
这个模块，另外在开发的早期阶段，Tomcat是被搭建在一个叫Avalon的服务器框架上，而Avalon则是
Catalina岛上的一个小镇的名字，于是想一个与小镇名字相关联的单词也是自然而然。设计者估计是想把
tomcat设计成最美的轻量级容器吧。下图为该小岛。
 
posted @ 2023-06-14 17:46  QUDE  阅读(15)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报