Python使用SMTP发送邮件
Python使用SMTP发送邮件
SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式。
python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。
Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下：
import smtplib
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )
参数说明：
- host: SMTP 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:w3cschool.cn，这个是可选参数。
- port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号，一般情况下SMTP端口号为25。
- local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本机上，你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。
Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件，语法如下：
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]
参数说明：
- from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。
- to_addrs: 字符串列表，邮件发送地址。
- msg: 发送消息
这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。
实例
以下是一个使用Python发送邮件简单的实例：
#!/usr/bin/python
import smtplib
sender = 'from@fromdomain.com'
receivers = ['to@todomain.com']
message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com>
To: To Person <to@todomain.com>
Subject: SMTP e-mail test
This is a test e-mail message.
"""
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)
print "Successfully sent email"
except SMTPException:
print "Error: unable to send email"
Windows:
#!C:\Python27\python.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
sender = 'quanweiru@163.com'
receivers = ['quanweiru@hotmail.com']
message = """From: From Person <quanweiru@163.com>
To: To Person <quanweiru@hotmail.com>
Subject: SMTP e-mail test
This is a test e-mail message.
"""
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')
smtpObj.login('quanweiru@163.com','******')#XXX为用户名，******为密码
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)
smtpObj.quit()
print "Successfully sent email"
except Exception, e:
print "Error: unable to send email"
使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件
Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下：
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
mailto_list=["YYY@YYY.com"]
mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器
mail_user="XXX" #用户名
mail_pass="XXXX" #口令
mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀
def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list：收件人；sub：主题；content：邮件内容
me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" #这里的hello可以任意设置，收到信后，将按照设置显示
msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312') #创建一个实例，这里设置为html格式邮件
msg['Subject'] = sub #设置主题
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
try:
s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器
s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器
s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件
s.close()
return True
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五义</a>"):
print "发送成功"
else:
print "发送失败"
或者你也可以在消息体中指定Content-type为text/html,如下实例:
#!/usr/bin/python
import smtplib
message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com>
To: To Person <to@todomain.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/html
Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test
This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format
<b>This is HTML message.</b>
<h1>This is headline.</h1>
"""
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)
print "Successfully sent email"
except SMTPException:
print "Error: unable to send email"
Windows:
#!C:\Python27\python.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
sender = 'quanweiru@163.com'
receivers = ['quanweiru@hotmail.com']
message = """From: From Person <quanweiru@163.com>
To: To Person <quanweiru@hotmail.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/html
Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test
This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format
<b>This is HTML message.</b>
<h1>This is headline.</h1>
"""
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')
#smtpObj.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtpObj.login('xxx@163.com','******')#XXX为用户名，******为密码
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)
smtpObj.quit()
print "Successfully sent email"
except Exception, e:
print "Error: unable to send email"
Python发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
#创建一个带附件的实例
msg = MIMEMultipart()
#构造附件1
att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
msg.attach(att1)
#构造附件2
att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'
msg.attach(att2)
#加邮件头
msg['to'] = 'YYY@YYY.com'
msg['from'] = 'XXX@XXX.com'
msg['subject'] = 'hello world'
#发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect('smtp.XXX.com')
server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX为用户名，XXXXX为密码
server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print '发送成功'
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
Windows:
#!C:\Python27\python.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
#创建一个带附件的实例
msg = MIMEMultipart()
#构造附件1
att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
msg.attach(att1)
#构造附件2
att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'
msg.attach(att2)
#加邮件头
msg['to'] = 'xxx@xxx.com'
msg['from'] = 'xxx@163.com'
msg['subject'] = 'hello world'
#发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect('smtp.163.com')
server.login('xxx@163.com','******')#XXX为用户名，******为密码
server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print '发送成功'
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
以下实例指定了Content-type header 为 multipart/mixed，并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件：
#!/usr/bin/python
import smtplib
import base64
filename = "/tmp/test.txt"
# 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码
fo = open(filename, "rb")
filecontent = fo.read()
encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64
sender = 'webmaster@tutorialpoint.com'
reciever = 'amrood.admin@gmail.com'
marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"
body ="""
This is a test email to send an attachement.
"""
# 定义头部信息
part1 = """From: From Person <me@fromdomain.net>
To: To Person <amrood.admin@gmail.com>
Subject: Sending Attachement
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s
--%s
""" % (marker, marker)
# 定义消息动作
part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit
%s
--%s
""" % (body,marker)
# 定义附近部分
part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\"
Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s
%s
--%s--
""" %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)
message = part1 + part2 + part3
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message)
print "Successfully sent email"
except Exception:
print "Error: unable to send email"
Windows:
#!C:\Python27\python.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
import base64
filename = r"D:\python\code\123.txt"
# 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码
fo = open(filename, "rb")
filecontent = fo.read()
encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64
sender = 'quanweiru@163.com'
reciever = 'quanweiru@hotmail.com'
marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"
body ="""
This is a test email to send an attachement.
"""
# 定义头部信息
part1 = """From: From Person <quanweiru@163.com>
To: To Person <quanweiru@hotmail.com>
Subject: Sending Attachement
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s
--%s
""" % (marker, marker)
# 定义消息动作
part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit
%s
--%s
""" % (body,marker)
# 定义附近部分
part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\"
Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s
%s
--%s--
""" %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)
message = part1 + part2 + part3
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')
smtpObj.login('xxx@163.com','xxxxxx')#XXX为用户名，XXXXX为密码
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message)
smtpObj.quit()
print "Successfully sent email"
except Exception:
print "Error: unable to send email"
