【教程】CentOS安装MySQL

一、MySQL下载

链接：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

选择查看过往版本

选择小红帽（CentOS内核就是Red Hat），并在下方选择适合自己的版本，我这里是CentOS 6，所以选择linux 6

选这个下载，之后等着就行了

下载完成后将其上传到CentOS上（如果此处有问题可以留言）

二、环境准备

注：后续所有步骤都要使用root用户

建议：安装mysql前拍个快照~

[hadoop@bigdata ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@bigdata hadoop]# 

在根目录创建一个文件夹，并将mysql移动此处，路径因人而异

[root@bigdata ~]# cd ~
[root@bigdata ~]# mkdir mysqlrpm
[root@bigdata ~]# cd mysqlrpm/
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# mv /opt/tools/mysql-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar ./
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# ll
total 478276
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 489748480 Oct  4 17:27 mysql-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

将压缩包所有者更改为root（如果你一直使用root用户进行操作，则可以忽略此指令）

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# chown root:root mysql-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 

将压缩包解压到此处

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# ll
total 956560
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  489748480 Oct  4 17:27 mysql-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  25820440 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-client-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415    378784 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-common-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   3891548 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-devel-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  39565156 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 137363700 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   2511392 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-libs-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   1761464 Jun  3 18:07 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 169502800 Jun  3 18:08 mysql-community-server-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 108944888 Jun  3 18:08 mysql-community-test-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

卸载冲突组件

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -qa | grep postfix
postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -e --nodeps postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -qa | grep postfix
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

安装依赖

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# yum -y install libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
base                                                            | 3.7 kB     00:00     
extras                                                          | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates                                                         | 3.4 kB     00:00     
Package libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

检查并卸载CentOS自带的mysql

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

三、安装

注：安装顺序务必与我一样

安装mysql核心

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [100%]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

安装mysql的库文件

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-libs   ########################################### [100%]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

安装mysql客户端

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-client ########################################### [100%]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

安装mysql服务端

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.31-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

初始化mysql服务

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# service mysqld status
mysqld is stopped
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database:                               [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

查看log，找到初始化的密码(我的密码：hgfudE2pg/BC，每个人的都不一样，完全随机并且可能带符号)

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-10-04T09:56:00.958460Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hgfudE2pg/BC
2020-10-04T09:56:06.111361Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2020-10-04T09:56:25.898557Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'validate_password'
2020-10-04T09:56:27.542885Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2020-10-04T09:56:27.542895Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'
2020-10-04T09:56:28.974530Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

使用初始密码（上面日志中找到的）登录mysql

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

修改密码

mysql> set password=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

之后退出mysql重启mysql服务使密码生效

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

重新登录一下，测试新密码

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

设置mysql服务开机自启

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

登录mysql，设置允许root远程登陆

[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
| localhost | root          |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| %         | root          |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

退出并重启mysql服务，使配置生效

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# serivce mysqld restart
bash: serivce: command not found
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@bigdata mysqlrpm]# 

在windows环境下远程连接CentOS中Mysql，测试一下

PS C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin> ./mysql -h 你的ip或host -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password: **********
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>