linux下oracle11g安装
1、安装包准备
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
2、服务器基本参数修改
1、设置系统：Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat
[root~]# vim /etc/redhat-release #CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
2、关闭selinux，防火墙的不必要的服务
修改vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
设置hosts vim /etc/hosts 192.168.10.119 Oracle
3、修改用户的限制文件
在 /etc/security/limits.conf 该文件内添加以下内容 vim /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240
4、修改内核参数
在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中添加以下内容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl -p // 执行这条语句使配置生效
5、安装依赖包
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp
3、建立用户、组，安装目录
1、建立用户、组
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd oper useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle id oracle //查看用户所属组
2、创建安装目录及修改权限
mkdir -p /home/var/app mkdir -p /home/var/app/oracle mkdir -p /home/var/app/oracle/product mkdir -p /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 mkdir -p /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/var/app chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory chmod -R 775 /home/var/app
3、设置环境变量
在/home/oracle/.bash_profile 文件中添加以下内容 umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/home/var/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ora11g export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //执行该句使配置生效
4、安装Oracle
1、拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录
cp /tmp/oracle11/linux.x64_11gR2_database_* /home/var/app/oracle/
2、切换到oracle用户，解压安装包
su - oracle cd /home/var/app/oracle/ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压后得到database目录，其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为：
cd database/response/ -rw-rw-r--. 1 oracle oinstall 44969 Feb 14 2009 dbca.rsp //安装应答 -rw-rw-r--. 1 oracle oinstall 22557 Aug 15 2009 db_install.rsp //创建数据库应答 -rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 2009 netca.rsp //建立监听，本地服务名等网络设置
3、修改配置文件，安装Oracle数据库
先备份
cp -r /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/
修改后的静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下：
[oracle@hz response]$ cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY # 安装类型 ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle # 主机名称（hostname查询） UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/home/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #数据库类型 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=gslbtest oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=
4、开始静默安装
cd /home/var/app/oracle/database/
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
查看安装进度
cd /home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/
tail -f installActions*log
当出现以下信息时
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. #!/bin/sh #Root scripts to run /home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.
打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本
/home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh [root@oracle ~]# /home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /home/var/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@oracle ~]# /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh Check /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_oracle_2020-03-10_11-27-51.log for the output of root script
执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。
5、配置Oracle监听
1、运行监听文件
cd /home/var/app/oracle/database/response netca /silent /responsefile /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp 执行过程 [oracle@hz-ott-gsdservice-02 response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp Parsing command line arguments: Parameter "silent" = true Parameter "responsefile" = /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp Done parsing command line arguments. Oracle Net Services Configuration: Profile configuration complete. Oracle Net Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully. Listener configuration complete. Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
运行成功后会在/home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件
[oracle@ response]$ cd /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin [oracle@hz-ott-gsdservice-02 admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora
执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了
[oracle@ admin]$ netstat -tlnp | grep 1521 (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) tcp6 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 28355/tnslsnr
如果监听没有启动，则手动启动监听器
lsnrctl start
2、配置Oracle数据库
cd /home/var/app/oracle/database/response /home/var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp GDBNAME = "gslbtest" //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名 SID="gslbtest" //149行 SID SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //200行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码
3、创建数据库
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp 执行过程 [oracle@ response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp Copying database files 1% complete 3% complete 11% complete 18% complete 26% complete 37% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 40% complete 45% complete 50% complete 55% complete 56% complete 60% complete 62% complete Completing Database Creation 66% complete 70% complete 73% complete 85% complete 96% complete 100% complete Look at the log file "/home/var/app/cfgtoollogs/dbca/gslbtest/gslbtest.log" for further details.
至此完成数据库实例的创建。
查看监听状态：
[oracle@ response]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2020 11:47:22 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 10-MAR-2020 11:32:00 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 15 min. 22 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /home/var/app/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Oracle)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "gslbtest.us.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "gslbtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "gslbtestXDB.us.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "gslbtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
4、启动数据库
[oracle@ response]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 10 11:48:45 2020 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
启动时会出现以上错误，解决方法如下：找到类似init.ora.78201817526文件，将其复制到/home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下
一般在/home/var/app/admin/gslbtest/pfile/ 其中gslbtest为SID
cd /home/var/app/admin/gslbtest/pfile/ cp init.ora.2102020114522 /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ cd /home/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ mv init.ora.2102020114522 initora11g.ora
进入到Oracle SQL命令行中，执行startup
SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 5.3715E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2217992 bytes Variable Size 2.8454E+10 bytes Database Buffers 2.5233E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 25333760 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
创建表空间 create tablespace ottgslb datafile '/home/var/app/oradata/gslbtest/ottgslb.dbf' size 3G autoextend on next 1G maxsize 20G; 创建用户并指定表空间 create user ottgslbtest identified by ottgslbtest default tablespace ottgslb; 授权 grant create session to ottgslbtest; grant create table to ottgslbtest; grant create tablespace to ottgslbtest; grant create view to ottgslbtest; grant connect,resource,dba to ottgslbtest;
