1.string.maketrans设置字符串转换规则表(translation table)
allchars = string.maketrans('', '')#所有的字符串,即不替换字符串
aTob = string.maketrans('a','b')#将字符a转换为字符b
aTob = string.maketrans('a','b')#将字符a转换为字符b
2.translate函数进行字符串的替换和删除,第一个参数是字符串转换规则表(translation table),第二个参数是要删除的字符串。比如,要将字符串s中的所有e替换为a,同时要删除所有的o
aTob = string.maketrans('e','a')
s = 'hello python'
print s.translate(aTob, 'o')
s = 'hello python'
print s.translate(aTob, 'o')
输出结果:
hall pythn
3.假如我们这样使用
allchars = string.maketrans('', '')
k = allchars.translate(allchars, 'a')
k = allchars.translate(allchars, 'a')
allchars表示所有的字符串,而k表示从所有的字符串中去除掉字符a,就是说所有的字符,除了a,因此,我们再调用如下方法时:
s = 'abc'
print s.translate(allchars, k)
print s.translate(allchars, k)
字面意思是,输出“字符串s中除去任何不是字符a的字符",即,只输出字符a,因此输出结果为:
a
4.现在,已经不难理解下面这个函数了
import string
def translator(frm='', to='', delete='', keep=None):
if len(to) == 1:
to = to * len(frm)
trans = string.maketrans(frm, to)
if keep is not None:
allchars = string.maketrans('', '')
delete = allchars.translate(allchars, keep.translate(allchars, delete))
def translate(s):
return s.translate(trans, delete)
return translate
def translator(frm='', to='', delete='', keep=None):
if len(to) == 1:
to = to * len(frm)
trans = string.maketrans(frm, to)
if keep is not None:
allchars = string.maketrans('', '')
delete = allchars.translate(allchars, keep.translate(allchars, delete))
def translate(s):
return s.translate(trans, delete)
return translate
调用:
digits_only = translator(keep=string.digits)
print digits_only('Chris Perkins : 224-7992')
digits_to_hash = translator(frm=string.digits, to='#')
print digits_to_hash('Chris Perkins : 224-7992')
print digits_only('Chris Perkins : 224-7992')
digits_to_hash = translator(frm=string.digits, to='#')
print digits_to_hash('Chris Perkins : 224-7992')
输出结果:
2247992
Chris Perkins : ###-####