部署方式（一）-Ubuntu18+mono+Nginx部署ASP.NET项目
项目环境:
系统：Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-135-generic x86_64)
ASP.NET项目：WebApplication工程，框架是.NET Framework 4.5，启动文件是Default.aspx
一，安装
1.安装 nginx：
root@root1:~# apt-get install nginx
root@root1:~# nginx -v #查看版本
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
局域网其他主机输入：http://192.168.17.149/index.nginx-debian.html，查看安装效果
2.安装 mono：
root@root1:~# sudo apt-get install mono-complete
root@root1:~# mono --version #查看版本
Mono JIT compiler version 5.10.1.20 (tarball Thu Mar 29 10:48:35 UTC 2018)
Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com
TLS: __thread
SIGSEGV: altstack
Notifications: epoll
Architecture: amd64
Disabled: none
Misc: softdebug
Interpreter: yes
LLVM: supported, not enabled.
GC: sgen (concurrent by default)
3.安装 mono-fastcgi-server：
apt-get install mono-fastcgi-server2 #找不到就略过
apt-get install mono-fastcgi-server4 #安装到/usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4
#版本如下
mono-fastcgi-server4 is already the newest version (4.2-2.1).
4.nginx 配置
1）编辑etc/nginx/sites-available/default文件（默认配置，可以添加Server节点，这里不建议直接复制(有行符号错误我没去找)，改原文件对应的行就好）
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
root /home/root1/www/;#改成自己的路径
index index.html index.htm default.aspx Default.aspx;
fastcgi_index Default.aspx;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
}
}
补充default例子：
1 ##
2 # You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
3 # of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
4 # https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
5 # https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
6 # https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
7 #
8 # In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
9 # leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
10 # updated by the nginx packaging team.
11 #
12 # This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
13 # applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
14 # available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
15 #
16 # Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
17 ##
18
19 # Default server configuration
20 #
21 server {
22 listen 80 default_server;
23 listen [::]:80 default_server;
24
25 # SSL configuration
26 #
27 # listen 443 ssl default_server;
28 # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
29 #
30 # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
31 # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
32 #
33 # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
34 # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
35 #
36 # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
37 # Don't use them in a production server!
38 #
39 # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
40
41 # root /var/www/html;
42 root /home/root1/www/;
43 # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
44 index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html default.aspx Default.aspx;
45
46 server_name localhost;
47
48 location / {
49 # First attempt to serve request as file, then
50 # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
51 # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
52 root /home/root1/www/;
53 index index.html index.htm default.aspx Default.aspx;
54 fastcgi_index Default.aspx;
55 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
56 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
57 include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
58 }
59
60 # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
61 #
62 #location ~ \.php$ {
63 # include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
64 #
65 # # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
66 # fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
67 # # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
68 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
69 #}
70
71 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
72 # concurs with nginx's one
73 #
74 #location ~ /\.ht {
75 # deny all;
76 #}
77 }
78
79
80 # Virtual Host configuration for example.com
81 #
82 # You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
83 # to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
84 #
85 #server {
86 # listen 80;
87 # listen [::]:80;
88 #
89 # server_name example.com;
90 #
91 # root /var/www/example.com;
92 # index index.html;
93 #
94 # location / {
95 # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
96 # }
97 #}
上述文件适用于启动文件是htm、html、aspx等。
2）编辑etc/nginx/fastcgi_params，加入如下功能
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO "";
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
3）编辑etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件（服务器群做负载均衡时用到这个（我的k8s服务器集群是不是要开始弄下了ꉂꉂ(ᵔᗜᵔ*)））
不用修改
5.重启nginx
sudo service nginx restart
/etc/init.d/nginx restart
补充：启动为sudo service nginx start
6.手动启动mono-fastcgi-server服务
sudo fastcgi-mono-server4 /applications=/:/home/root1/www/ /socket=tcp:127.0.0.1:8000
7.mono-fastcgi-server设置开机自启
新建monoserve文件（WEBAPPS位置改成自己的网站文件所在目录）：
touch monoserve.txt
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: monoserve.sh
# Required-Start: $local_fs $syslog $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $syslog $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start fastcgi mono server with hosts
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/mono
NAME=monoserver
DESC=monoserver
MONOSERVER=$(which fastcgi-mono-server4)
MONOSERVER_PID=$(ps auxf | grep fastcgi-mono-server4.exe | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
# WEBAPPS="www.domain1.xyz:/:/var/www/domain1.xyz/,www.domain2.xyz:/:/var/www/domain2.xyz/"
WEBAPPS="/:/home/root1/www/"
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -z "${MONOSERVER_PID}" ]; then
echo "starting mono server4"
${MONOSERVER} /applications=${WEBAPPS} /socket=tcp:127.0.0.1:8000 &
echo "mono server started"
else
echo ${WEBAPPS}
echo "mono server is running"
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -n "${MONOSERVER_PID}" ]; then
kill ${MONOSERVER_PID}
echo "mono server stopped"
else
echo "mono server is not running"
fi
;;
esac
exit 0
上面文件放到/etc/init.d/文件夹下面（cp monoserve /etc/init.d/），然后添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/monoserve
再然后安装脚本
update-rc.d monoserve defaults
这里参考了mono fastcgi server自动启动脚本，脚本由fastcgi-mono-server2改为fastcgi-mono-server4，还有一篇文章也有参考价值：http://www.etwiki.cn/ubuntu/16747.html
补充：
1.mono是.net framework的linux实现，也是微软支持的开源的平台。可以用来开发部署运行.net framework程序，与之前的.net core是差不多的东西。现在用.NET5就好了(用了.NET Core我还没试过.NET5,在ks8服务器集群或用容器时实验吧)
出现时间：
.net framework(MS，运行平台Windows)
mono（Xamarin——被MS收购，运行平台Windows丶linux等）
.Net Core（MS，运行平台Windows丶linux等）
.Net5（MS，运行平台Windows丶linux等）
2.我没弄请mono与mono-fastcgi-server的关系，我个人理解是，mono-fastcgi-server是mono+ngiux环境中用来部署server服务的一个插件，把服务部署到8000端口，即：
nignx+mono时，使用mono-fastcgi-server（现在是mono-fastcgi-server4，上个版本可能是mono-fastcgi-server2），
Apache+mono时，使用mono_mod。
然后nginx把8000端口映射到80端口（好像是这么个意思）。
3.nginx是开机自启的，我们把mono-fastcgi-server4也弄成开机自启就好了（7中设置了需要启动的服务，记得改成自己的）
5.Nginx部署文件（二）-default文件
6.Nginx部署文件（三）-fastcgi_params文件
本文来自博客园，作者：꧁执笔小白꧂，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/qq2806933146xiaobai/articles/14425465.html
