MySQL表按天分区

建表语句

要分区的字段必须为主键或联合主键之一

CREATE TABLE `test_partition` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `day` datetime NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`day`)
);

插入数据

INSERT INTO test_partition values 
	(1, '2023-07-01 12:30:30', 'zhangsan'), 
	(2, '2023-07-20 12:30:30', 'lisi'), 
	(3, '2023-08-02 12:30:30', 'wangwu');

创建分区

ALTER table test_partition PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(day) (
	PARTITION p20230801 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-01'),
	PARTITION p20230901 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01')
);

创建分区表

建表时就创建分区

CREATE TABLE `test_partition` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
  `day` date NOT NULL COMMENT '天,按天分区',
  `name` varchar(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '名称',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`, `day`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='测试分区表' 
PARTITION BY RANGE  COLUMNS(`day`)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-01-01'));

新增分区

ALTER table test_partition ADD PARTITION (
	PARTITION p20231001 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-10-01'),
	PARTITION p20231101 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-11-01')
);

查看分区数据

SELECT * FROM test_partition PARTITION(p20230801);

删除分区数据

ALTER table test_partition truncate PARTITION p20231101;

删除分区

数据存储在分区上,删除分区的同时也会删除分区上的数据

ALTER table test_partition DROP PARTITION p20231101;

删除所有分区

删除表的所有分区

ALTER TABLE test_partition REMOVE PARTITIONING;

查看分区

SELECT partition_name,partition_description from information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_name = 'test_partition' and table_schema = '**database_name**';

重新定义分区

如果想在中间增加分区的话不能使用ADD PARTITION

ALTER table test_partition ADD PARTITION (
	PARTITION p20230810 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-10')
);
报错:
VALUES LESS THAN value must be strictly increasing for each partition

重新定义分区：在不丢失数据的情况下,重新编辑分区
ALTER TABLE ... REORGANIZE PARTITION

拆分分区

-- 将p20230901分区拆分成p20230810和p20230901分区
ALTER TABLE test_partition REORGANIZE PARTITION p20230901 INTO (
	PARTITION p20230810 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-10'),
	PARTITION p20230901 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01')
);

合并分区

将多个相邻的RANGE分区合并为一个或多个RANGE分区, 合并后的分区必须和原来的区间覆盖相同

-- 将p20230810和p20230901分区合并为p20230901分区
ALTER TABLE test_partition REORGANIZE PARTITION p20230810,p20230901 INTO (
	PARTITION p20230901 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01')
);

参考

MySQL：创建分区， 按天自动分区
https://www.cnblogs.com/casoli/p/17558396.html

Mysql分区
https://www.cnblogs.com/lykbk/p/xdvxddf43545345354353.html

MySQL创建分区方法，及分区中常用SQL示例
https://blog.csdn.net/qiuweifan/article/details/131268321