Selenium Web控件定位

web控件定位

方法	描述	方式
CLASS_NAME	class属性对应的值	driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME,"navbar-anonymous")
CSS_SELECTOR	css表达式	driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".active .keyword")
ID	id属性对应的值	driver.find_element(By.ID,"zzk_search_input")
NAME	name属性对应的值	driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'username')
LINK_TEXT	可见文本与搜索值匹配的元素	driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, 'Login')
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT	可见文本包含搜索值的元素	driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, 'sign')
TAG_NAME	标签名称	driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'div')
XPATH	XPATH表达式	driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//div[@class="my-class"]')

ID定位

from  selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def id_method():
    driver = webdriver.Edge()
    url = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/'
    driver.get(url)
    time.sleep(3)
    driver.find_element(By.ID,'sidenav_pick').click()
    time.sleep(3)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    id_method()

NAME定位

from  selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def name_method():
    driver = webdriver.Edge()
    url = 'https://www.baidu.com/'
    driver.get(url)
    time.sleep(3)
    driver.find_element(By.NAME,'tj_briicon').click()
    time.sleep(3)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    name_method()

CSS_SELECTOR定位

　　css表达式定位元素有多种方式，如以id定位、类名定位、元素类型定位等

from  selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def css_method():
    driver = webdriver.Edge()
    url = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/'
    driver.get(url)
    time.sleep(3)
    # 查找类名为bannerbar的div元素
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'div.bannerbar').click()
    # 查找类名为navbar-anonymous的元素
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.navbar-anonymous').click()
    # 查找id为sidenav_category的元素
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#sidenav_category').click()
    # 查找第一个标签img的元素
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'img').click()
    # 查找data-post-id="18095472"的元素
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-post-id="18095472"]').click()
    time.sleep(3)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    css_method()

XPATH定位

　　xpath定位元素与css定位相似，可通过id、类名、标签等定位元素，也可多条件筛选定位

from  selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def xpath_method():
    driver = webdriver.Edge()
    url = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/'
    driver.get(url)
    time.sleep(3)
    # 1.定位id为sidenav_candidate的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//*[@id='sidenav_candidate']").click()
    # 2.定位class为navbar-anonymous的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@class='navbar-anonymous']").click()
    # 3.定位第一个标签为img的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//img").click()
    # 4.定位text内容为的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[text()='候选']").click()
    # 5.定位data-post-id为18095472的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@data-post-id='18095472']").click()
    # 6.定位class为sidenav当中第一个li
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@class='sidenav']/li[1]").click()
    # 7.定位class以navbar-anony为开头的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[starts-with(@class,'navbar-anony')]").click()
    # 8.定位class为post-item-title且text为Oracle与MySQL的差异和对比的元素
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@class='post-item-title' and text()='Oracle与MySQL的差异和对比']").click()
    time.sleep(3)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    xpath_method()　

LINK_TEXT

　　注：link_text仅适用于a标签

from  selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def link_method():
    driver = webdriver.Edge()
    url = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/'
    driver.get(url)
    time.sleep(3)
    driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,"Oracle与MySQL的差异和对比").click()
    time.sleep(3)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    link_method()

　　partial_link_text方法与link_text基本相似，区别在于link_text的文本内容判定是相等；partial_link_text的文本内容判定是包含