fixture

fixture用途

　　1.用例编写前的初始化设置，连接数据库等

　　2.测试用例的前置条件可以使用fixture实现

　　3.实现unittest不能实现的功能，注入测试用例之间的参数传递

fixture与unittest区别:

　　1.独立命名，并通过声明它们从测试函数、模块、类或整个项目中的使用来激活

　　2.按模块化的方式实现，每个fixture可以相互调用

　　3.fixture的范围从简单的单元测试到复杂的功能测试，可以对fixture配置参数，或者跨函数function、类class、模块modules或整个测试session的范围

fixture参数传入

　　1.单个fixture

# test_fixture.py
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def fixtureFunc():
    a = 1
    b = 2
    return (a, b)
 
def test_fixture(fixtureFunc):
    a = fixtureFunc[0]
    b = fixtureFunc[1]
    assert a == 1
    assert b == 2
    print("调用了{}".format(fixtureFunc))
 
class TestFixture(object):
    def test_fixture_class(self, fixtureFunc):
        a = fixtureFunc[0]
        assert a == 1
        print('在类中使用fixture "{}"'.format(fixtureFunc))
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

　　2.使用多个fixture

# test_fixture.py
 
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def test1():
    a = 1
    return a
 
@pytest.fixture()
def test2():
    b = 2
    return b
 
def test_fixture(test1, test2):
    a = test1
    b = test2
    assert a+b == 3
    print("调用了{}".format(test1, test2))
 
class TestFixture(object):
    def test_fixture_class(self, test1, test2):
        a = test1
        assert a == 1
        print('在类中使用fixture "{}"'.format(test1))
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

　　3.互相调用

# 相互调用
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def test1():
    a = 1
    a2 = a * a
    print('a的平方为{}'.format(a2))
    return a2
 
def test2(test1):
    assert test1 == 1
    print('test1使用成功')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main('-s test_fixture.py')

fixture scope

　　function:每个test都运行，默认值是function，作用范围内的每个测试用例运行之前运行一次

import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def test1():
    a = 2
    b = 'aaa'
    print('传入a,b')
    return a, b
 
def test2(test1):
    c = 'aaa'
    d = test1[1]
    print('test1使用成功')
    assert c == d
 
 
def test2(test1):
    c = 2
    assert c == test1[0]
    print('test1使用成功')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main('-v test_fixture.py')

　　class：如果一个class中有多个用例度调用了fixture，那在此class运行之前运行一次

# scope='class'
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture(scope='class')
def test1():
    a = 2
    b = 'aaa'
    print('传入a,b')
    return a, b
 
class Testcase:
    def test2(self, test1):
        c = 'aaa'
        d = test1[1]
        print('test1使用成功')
        assert c == d
 
    def test3(self, test1):
        c = 2
        assert c == test1[0]
        print('test3使用成功')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main('-v test_fixture.py')

　　module：在当前.py文件所有用例开始前执行一次

# scope = 'module'
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def test1():
    a = 2
    b = 'aaa'
    c = '呀谁啦累'
    print('传入a,b')
    return a, b, c
 
class Testcase:
    def test2(self, test1):
        c = 'aaa'
        d = test1[1]
        print('test1使用成功')
        assert c == d
 
    def test3(self, test1):
        c = 2
        assert c == test1[0]
        print('test3使用成功')
 
def test4():
    d = '呀'
    e = test1[2]
    f = d in e
    assert f
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main('-v test_fixture.py')

　　session：跨.py文件调用，当多个.py文件只需要调用一次fixture时，设置scope='session'并写入到conftest中

　　　　conftest.py文件名称是固定的pytest会自动识别该文家，放在项目的根目录下用以全局调用，对当前所在文件夹下的文件有效

# conftest.py
import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def test1():
    a = 2
    b = 'aaa'
    c = '呀谁啦累'
    print('传入a,b')
    return a, b, c

# test_1.py
import pytest
 
class Testcase:
    def test2(self, test1):
        c = 'aaa'
        d = test1[1]
        print('test2执行成功')
        assert c == d
 
    def test3(self, test1):
        c = 2
        assert c == test1[0]
        print('test3执行成功')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_1.py'])

# test_2.py
import pytest
 
def test4(test1):
    d = '呀谁啦累'
    e = test1[2]
    print("test4执行成功")
    assert d == e
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_2.py'])

fixture调用方法

　　1.fixture的名字直接作为测试用例的参数

　　编写时，被调用方法前要使用@pytest.fixture装饰器，

import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def fixtureFunc():
    return 'fixtureFunc'
 
def test_fixture(fixtureFunc):
    print('我调用了{}'.format(fixtureFunc))
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

　　2.使用@pytest.mark.userfixtures('fixture')装饰器

　　每个使用fixture函数的函数或类前都使用@pytest.mark.userfixtures('fixture')装饰器装饰

　　usefixture可以叠加，注意先执行的放底层，后执行的放顶层

# test_fixture.py
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def fixtureFunc():
    # print('\n fixture->fixtureFunc')
    return 'fixture'
 
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('fixtureFunc')
def test_fixture():
    print('in test_fixture')
 
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('fixtureFunc')
class TestFixture(object):
    def test_fixture_class(self):
        print('in class with text_fixture_class')
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

　　叠加使用@pytest.mark.userfixtures（）

# 叠加usefixture
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def test1():
    print('a=1')
 
@pytest.fixture()
def test2():
    print('b=2')
 
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('test2')
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('test1')
def test_fixture():
    print("调用了")
 
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('test1')
@pytest.mark.usefixtures('test2')
class TestFixture(object):
    def test_fixture_class(self):
        print('在类中使用fixture')
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

　　3.使用autouse参数（自动调用fixture）

　　在@pytest.fixture()中加入autouse参数,设置值为True

# test_fixture.py
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def fixtureFunc():
    # print('\n fixture->fixtureFunc')
    return 'fixture'
 
def test_fixture():
    print('in test_fixture')
 
class TestFixture(object):
    def test_fixture_class(self):
        print('in class with text_fixture_class')
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

conftest.py

　　作用范围：对当前文件夹下的文件生效，若该文件在根目录中，则起全局作用

　　注意：

　　conftest在不同位置，作用域也不一样

　　conftest不能跨模块调用

fixture实现teardown

　　1.在fixture中添加yield，用以唤醒teardown执行内容

　　注：如果其中一个用例执行异常，不会影响yield后的teardown执行，运行结果互不影响；

　　　　但如果在setup（即open函数中yield之前的部分）就出现异常，不会去执行teardown；

　　　　yield可以配合with语句使用。

import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def open():
    print("第一步")
 
    yield
    print("执行teardown")
 
def test1(open):
    print("用例一")
    assert 1==2
    raise AssertionError
 
def test2(open):
    print("用例二")
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fixture.py'])

　　结合with使用

import smtplib
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def smtp():
    with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.qq.com") as smtp:
        yield smtp

　　addfinalizer终结函数

# yield配合with语句使用
import smtplib
import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def smtp_connection(request):
    smtp_connection = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587, timeout=5)
    def fin():
        print("teardown smtp_connection")
        smtp_connection.close()
    request.addfinalizer(fin)
    return smtp_connection