ssh 免密码登录【用】
ssh 无密码登录要使用公钥与私钥。linux下可以用用ssh-keygen生成公钥/私钥对,下面我以CentOS为例。
有机器A(192.168.1.155),B(192.168.1.181)。现想A通过ssh免密码登录到B。
1.在A机下生成公钥/私钥对。
[chenlb@A ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
-P表示密码,-P '' 就表示空密码,也可以不用-P参数,这样就要三车回车,用-P就一次回车。
它在/home/chenlb下生成.ssh目录,.ssh下有id_rsa和id_rsa.pub。
如果是windows下面的话是在:
2.把A机下的id_rsa.pub复制到B机下,在B机的.ssh/authorized_keys文件里,我用scp复制。(公钥赋值到远程主机的用户根目录的.ssh目录--B机)
复制:
liqiang@root MINGW64 ~/.ssh $ scp ./id_rsa.pub root@qiaoliqiang.cn:/root/.ssh root@qiaoliqiang.cn's password: id_rsa.pub 100% 394 7.2KB/s 00:00
由于还没有免密码登录的,所以要输入密码。
B机查看是否赋值成功:
[root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz ~]# ls ./.ssh/ authorized_keys id_rsa.pub known_hosts
3.B机把从A机复制的id_rsa.pub添加到当前用户目录的.ssh/authorzied_keys文件里。
[root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz ~]# cat ./.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys [root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz ~]# chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
authorized_keys的权限要是600。
4.A机登录B机。
[chenlb@A ~]$ ssh 192.168.1.181
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.181 (192.168.1.181)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 00:a6:a8:87:eb:c7:40:10:39:cc:a0:eb:50:d9:6a:5b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.181' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Thu Jul 3 09:53:18 2008 from chenlb
[chenlb@B ~]$
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.181 (192.168.1.181)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 00:a6:a8:87:eb:c7:40:10:39:cc:a0:eb:50:d9:6a:5b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.181' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Thu Jul 3 09:53:18 2008 from chenlb
[chenlb@B ~]$
第一次登录是时要你输入yes。
现在A机可以无密码登录B机了。
小结:登录的机子可有私钥,被登录的机子要有登录机子的公钥。这个公钥/私钥对一般在私钥宿主机产生。上面是用rsa算法的公钥/私钥对,当然也可以用dsa(对应的文件是id_dsa,id_dsa.pub)
想让A,B机无密码互登录,那B机以上面同样的方式配置即可。
原理:
【当你用心写完每一篇博客之后,你会发现它比你用代码实现功能更有成就感!】