shiro源码(四)-角色和权限验证过滤器原理以及基于注解验证原理

　　有时候我们在接口会进行权限鉴定，下面研究其鉴权原理。也就是研究基于角色的鉴权和基于权限码的鉴权。

1. 前置配置

1. shiro 配置

        /**
         *  路径 -> 过滤器名称1[参数1,参数2,参数3...],过滤器名称2[参数1,参数2...]...
         * 自定义配置(前面是路径， 后面是具体的过滤器名称加参数，多个用逗号进行分割，过滤器参数也多个之间也是用逗号分割))
         * 有的过滤器不需要参数，比如anon, authc， shiro 在解析的时候接默认解析一个数组为 [name, null]
         */
        FILTER_CHAIN_DEFINITION_MAP.put("/test2", "anon"); // 测试地址
        FILTER_CHAIN_DEFINITION_MAP.put("/login2", "anon"); // 登陆地址
        FILTER_CHAIN_DEFINITION_MAP.put("/login3", "anon"); // 登陆地址
        FILTER_CHAIN_DEFINITION_MAP.put("/user/**", "roles[系统管理员,用户管理员],perms[user:manager:*]");
        FILTER_CHAIN_DEFINITION_MAP.put("/dept/**", "perms[dept:manage:*]");
        FILTER_CHAIN_DEFINITION_MAP.put("/**", "authc"); // 所有资源都需要经过验证

2. com.zd.bx.config.shiro.CustomRealm 自定义realm

package com.zd.bx.config.shiro;

import com.beust.jcommander.internal.Lists;
import com.zd.bx.bean.user.User;
import com.zd.bx.utils.permission.PermissionUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class CustomRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomRealm.class);

    /**
     * 鉴权
     *
     * @param principalCollection
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        // getPrimaryPrincipal获取到的是doGetAuthenticationInfo方法最后存进去的user对象
        Object primaryPrincipal = principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        if (primaryPrincipal == null) {
            return null;
        }

        SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        User currentUser = (User) primaryPrincipal;
        // 添加角色
        authorizationInfo.addRoles(Lists.newArrayList("管理员"));
        // 添加权限
        authorizationInfo.addStringPermissions(Lists.newArrayList("user:manage:*", "dept:manage:*"));

        log.debug("authorizationInfo roles: {}, permissions: {}", authorizationInfo.getRoles(),
                authorizationInfo.getStringPermissions());
        return authorizationInfo;
    }

    /**
     * 认证
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken)
            throws AuthenticationException {

        if (authenticationToken == null || !(authenticationToken instanceof UsernamePasswordToken)) {
            return null;
        }

        User user = new User();
        user.setPassword("111222");
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPassword(), this.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token) {
        log.info("token: {}", token);
        return token != null && UsernamePasswordToken.class.isAssignableFrom(token.getClass());
    }
}

2. 基于角色的校验原理

1. 访问地址： http://localhost:8081/user/test

2.  入口是 SpringShiroFilter， 请求到达 org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter#doFilter 

3. 然后到达：org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter#doFilterInternal 创建Subject、 绑定到ThreadLocal 对象内部、构造FilterChain (Shiro 环境需要经过的Filter)

    protected void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, final FilterChain chain)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        Throwable t = null;

        try {
            final ServletRequest request = prepareServletRequest(servletRequest, servletResponse, chain);
            final ServletResponse response = prepareServletResponse(request, servletResponse, chain);

            final Subject subject = createSubject(request, response);

            //noinspection unchecked
            subject.execute(new Callable() {
                public Object call() throws Exception {
                    updateSessionLastAccessTime(request, response);
                    executeChain(request, response, chain);
                    return null;
                }
            });
        } catch (ExecutionException ex) {
            t = ex.getCause();
        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
            t = throwable;
        }

        if (t != null) {
            if (t instanceof ServletException) {
                throw (ServletException) t;
            }
            if (t instanceof IOException) {
                throw (IOException) t;
            }
            //otherwise it's not one of the two exceptions expected by the filter method signature - wrap it in one:
            String msg = "Filtered request failed.";
            throw new ServletException(msg, t);
        }
    }

 4. 到达 org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter#executeChain

    protected void executeChain(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain origChain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        FilterChain chain = getExecutionChain(request, response, origChain);
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

1》 org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter#getExecutionChain 获取过滤器链

    protected FilterChain getExecutionChain(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain origChain) {
        FilterChain chain = origChain;

        FilterChainResolver resolver = getFilterChainResolver();
        if (resolver == null) {
            log.debug("No FilterChainResolver configured.  Returning original FilterChain.");
            return origChain;
        }

        FilterChain resolved = resolver.getChain(request, response, origChain);
        if (resolved != null) {
            log.trace("Resolved a configured FilterChain for the current request.");
            chain = resolved;
        } else {
            log.trace("No FilterChain configured for the current request.  Using the default.");
        }

        return chain;
    }

• 调用 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt.PathMatchingFilterChainResolver#getChain

    public FilterChain getChain(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain originalChain) {
        FilterChainManager filterChainManager = getFilterChainManager();
        if (!filterChainManager.hasChains()) {
            return null;
        }

        String requestURI = getPathWithinApplication(request);

        // in spring web, the requestURI "/resource/menus" ---- "resource/menus/" bose can access the resource
        // but the pathPattern match "/resource/menus" can not match "resource/menus/"
        // user can use requestURI + "/" to simply bypassed chain filter, to bypassed shiro protect
        if(requestURI != null && !DEFAULT_PATH_SEPARATOR.equals(requestURI)
                && requestURI.endsWith(DEFAULT_PATH_SEPARATOR)) {
            requestURI = requestURI.substring(0, requestURI.length() - 1);
        }


        //the 'chain names' in this implementation are actually path patterns defined by the user.  We just use them
        //as the chain name for the FilterChainManager's requirements
        for (String pathPattern : filterChainManager.getChainNames()) {
            if (pathPattern != null && !DEFAULT_PATH_SEPARATOR.equals(pathPattern)
                    && pathPattern.endsWith(DEFAULT_PATH_SEPARATOR)) {
                pathPattern = pathPattern.substring(0, pathPattern.length() - 1);
            }

            // If the path does match, then pass on to the subclass implementation for specific checks:
            if (pathMatches(pathPattern, requestURI)) {
                if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    log.trace("Matched path pattern [" + pathPattern + "] for requestURI [" + Encode.forHtml(requestURI) + "].  " +
                            "Utilizing corresponding filter chain...");
                }
                return filterChainManager.proxy(originalChain, pathPattern);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

　　这里根据路径进行正则匹配，如果满足条件调用 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt.DefaultFilterChainManager#proxy 生成代理FilterChain。

    public FilterChain proxy(FilterChain original, String chainName) {
        NamedFilterList configured = getChain(chainName);
        if (configured == null) {
            String msg = "There is no configured chain under the name/key [" + chainName + "].";
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
        }
        return configured.proxy(original);
    }

最后生成的代理FilterChain 如下：

2》调用org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain#doFilter 开始执行代理FilterChain 逻辑

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
        if (this.filters == null || this.filters.size() == this.index) {
            //we've reached the end of the wrapped chain, so invoke the original one:
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Invoking original filter chain.");
            }
            this.orig.doFilter(request, response);
        } else {
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Invoking wrapped filter at index [" + this.index + "]");
            }
            this.filters.get(this.index++).doFilter(request, response, this);
        }
    }

5. 权限过滤器开始过滤：

模板模式， 会调用到： org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter#doFilterInternal

    public void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        Exception exception = null;

        try {

            boolean continueChain = preHandle(request, response);
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Invoked preHandle method.  Continuing chain?: [" + continueChain + "]");
            }

            if (continueChain) {
                executeChain(request, response, chain);
            }

            postHandle(request, response);
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Successfully invoked postHandle method");
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            exception = e;
        } finally {
            cleanup(request, response, exception);
        }
    }

preHandle(request, response); 调用到 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.PathMatchingFilter#preHandle

    protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        if (this.appliedPaths == null || this.appliedPaths.isEmpty()) {
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("appliedPaths property is null or empty.  This Filter will passthrough immediately.");
            }
            return true;
        }

        for (String path : this.appliedPaths.keySet()) {
            // If the path does match, then pass on to the subclass implementation for specific checks
            //(first match 'wins'):
            if (pathsMatch(path, request)) {
                log.trace("Current requestURI matches pattern '{}'.  Determining filter chain execution...", path);
                Object config = this.appliedPaths.get(path);
                return isFilterChainContinued(request, response, path, config);
            }
        }

        //no path matched, allow the request to go through:
        return true;
    }

这里先是进行路径匹配，然后 this.appliedPaths.get(path); 获取相关的配置， 获取到的信息如下：

 然后调用 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.PathMatchingFilter#isFilterChainContinued

    private boolean isFilterChainContinued(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                                           String path, Object pathConfig) throws Exception {

        if (isEnabled(request, response, path, pathConfig)) { //isEnabled check added in 1.2
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Filter '{}' is enabled for the current request under path '{}' with config [{}].  " +
                        "Delegating to subclass implementation for 'onPreHandle' check.",
                        new Object[]{getName(), path, pathConfig});
            }
            //The filter is enabled for this specific request, so delegate to subclass implementations
            //so they can decide if the request should continue through the chain or not:
            return onPreHandle(request, response, pathConfig);
        }

        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
            log.trace("Filter '{}' is disabled for the current request under path '{}' with config [{}].  " +
                    "The next element in the FilterChain will be called immediately.",
                    new Object[]{getName(), path, pathConfig});
        }
        //This filter is disabled for this specific request,
        //return 'true' immediately to indicate that the filter will not process the request
        //and let the request/response to continue through the filter chain:
        return true;
    }

继续向下调用到 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.AccessControlFilter#onPreHandle ：

    public boolean onPreHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws Exception {
        return isAccessAllowed(request, response, mappedValue) || onAccessDenied(request, response, mappedValue);
    }

　　这里和之前一样有两个逻辑： isAccessAllowed 请求允许直接返回， 则进行下一个过滤器链的调用；返回true表示继续执行后面的过滤器链，返回false表示不执行后面过滤器链 (好像和方法名称有点歧义...)。 

(1) org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.RolesAuthorizationFilter#isAccessAllowed 判断请求是否允许，开始权限校验：

    public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws IOException {

        Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
        String[] rolesArray = (String[]) mappedValue;

        if (rolesArray == null || rolesArray.length == 0) {
            //no roles specified, so nothing to check - allow access.
            return true;
        }

        Set<String> roles = CollectionUtils.asSet(rolesArray);
        return subject.hasAllRoles(roles);
    }

参数解释：

mappedValue 就是解析到的配置的角色名称，上面传递的是： ["系统管理员", "用户管理员"]

代码解释：

校验之后调用到： org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject#hasAllRoles 请求转交给subject

    public boolean hasAllRoles(Collection<String> roleIdentifiers) {
        return hasPrincipals() && securityManager.hasAllRoles(getPrincipals(), roleIdentifiers);
    }

1》 org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject#hasPrincipals 实际是判断是否认证，认证之后这里会存放认证信息

    protected boolean hasPrincipals() {
        return !isEmpty(getPrincipals());
    }

这里做个简单的认证，也就是认证信息存到session 中，然后研究下面第二步。

 2》 org.apache.shiro.mgt.AuthorizingSecurityManager#hasAllRoles 判断是否有权限， 请求转交给授权器

    public boolean hasAllRoles(PrincipalCollection principals, Collection<String> roleIdentifiers) {
        return this.authorizer.hasAllRoles(principals, roleIdentifiers);
    }

然后请求调用到： org.apache.shiro.authz.ModularRealmAuthorizer#hasAllRoles

    public boolean hasAllRoles(PrincipalCollection principals, Collection<String> roleIdentifiers) {
        assertRealmsConfigured();
        for (String roleIdentifier : roleIdentifiers) {
            if (!hasRole(principals, roleIdentifier)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    protected void assertRealmsConfigured() throws IllegalStateException {
        Collection<Realm> realms = getRealms();
        if (realms == null || realms.isEmpty()) {
            String msg = "Configuration error:  No realms have been configured!  One or more realms must be " +
                    "present to execute an authorization operation.";
            throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
        }
    }

    public boolean hasRole(PrincipalCollection principals, String roleIdentifier) {
        assertRealmsConfigured();
        for (Realm realm : getRealms()) {
            if (!(realm instanceof Authorizer)) continue;
            if (((Authorizer) realm).hasRole(principals, roleIdentifier)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

　　可以看到是遍历所有的角色，然后调用hasRole 单个进行判断。 hasRole 内部获取到realm， 然后请求转交给realm 判断是否有角色。请求到达：org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm#hasRole(org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection, java.lang.String)

    public boolean hasRole(PrincipalCollection principal, String roleIdentifier) {
        AuthorizationInfo info = getAuthorizationInfo(principal);
        return hasRole(roleIdentifier, info);
    }

    protected AuthorizationInfo getAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {

        if (principals == null) {
            return null;
        }

        AuthorizationInfo info = null;

        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
            log.trace("Retrieving AuthorizationInfo for principals [" + principals + "]");
        }

        Cache<Object, AuthorizationInfo> cache = getAvailableAuthorizationCache();
        if (cache != null) {
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Attempting to retrieve the AuthorizationInfo from cache.");
            }
            Object key = getAuthorizationCacheKey(principals);
            info = cache.get(key);
            if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                if (info == null) {
                    log.trace("No AuthorizationInfo found in cache for principals [" + principals + "]");
                } else {
                    log.trace("AuthorizationInfo found in cache for principals [" + principals + "]");
                }
            }
        }


        if (info == null) {
            // Call template method if the info was not found in a cache
            info = doGetAuthorizationInfo(principals);
            // If the info is not null and the cache has been created, then cache the authorization info.
            if (info != null && cache != null) {
                if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    log.trace("Caching authorization info for principals: [" + principals + "].");
                }
                Object key = getAuthorizationCacheKey(principals);
                cache.put(key, info);
            }
        }

        return info;
    }

    protected boolean hasRole(String roleIdentifier, AuthorizationInfo info) {
        return info != null && info.getRoles() != null && info.getRoles().contains(roleIdentifier);
    }

　　到这里可以看出其逻辑， 调用  getAuthorizationInfo 获取其授权信息，然后从授权角色信息中判断其是否包含指定的角色。

　　getAuthorizationInfo 获取授权信息和获取认证信息逻辑一样，先从缓存拿，缓存拿步到就调用realm 实时获取。 这里没有缓存，所以直接调用 com.zd.bx.config.shiro.CustomRealm#doGetAuthorizationInfo 实时获取。

    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        // getPrimaryPrincipal获取到的是doGetAuthenticationInfo方法最后存进去的user对象
        Object primaryPrincipal = principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        if (primaryPrincipal == null) {
            return null;
        }

        SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        User currentUser = (User) primaryPrincipal;
        // 添加角色
        authorizationInfo.addRoles(PermissionUtils.listUserRolenames(currentUser));
        // 添加权限
        authorizationInfo.addStringPermissions(PermissionUtils.listUserPermissionCodes(currentUser));

        log.debug("authorizationInfo roles: {}, permissions: {}", authorizationInfo.getRoles(),
                authorizationInfo.getStringPermissions());
        return authorizationInfo;
    }

　　　　可以看到该方法就是调用到自己的realm 获取授权， 获取一个Authorizationinfo 对象。然后拿该AuthorizationInfo 对象调用org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm#hasRole(java.lang.String, org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo) 进行判断是否有角色， 这个方法对授权信息Authorizationinfo 进行非空判断、角色集合判断、是否包含指定角色判断后返回。

(2) 上面返回false 之后调用 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.AccessControlFilter#onAccessDenied(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, java.lang.Object) 进行 onAccessDenied 判断，如果这个方法返回 true 则可以下一个链条的执行； 如果返回false 则步进行链条的执行。

    protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws Exception {
        return onAccessDenied(request, response);
    }

继续请求调用到 org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.AuthorizationFilter#onAccessDenied：

    protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
        // If the subject isn't identified, redirect to login URL
        if (subject.getPrincipal() == null) {
            saveRequestAndRedirectToLogin(request, response);
        } else {
            // If subject is known but not authorized, redirect to the unauthorized URL if there is one
            // If no unauthorized URL is specified, just return an unauthorized HTTP status code
            String unauthorizedUrl = getUnauthorizedUrl();
            //SHIRO-142 - ensure that redirect _or_ error code occurs - both cannot happen due to response commit:
            if (StringUtils.hasText(unauthorizedUrl)) {
                WebUtils.issueRedirect(request, response, unauthorizedUrl);
            } else {
                WebUtils.toHttp(response).sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

　　这里判断未认证的话送到重定向到登录地址； 如果是认证之后，权限不足。 如果有未授权页面就重定向到未授权页面； 如果没有未授权页面就调用WebUtils.toHttp(response).sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED); 发送未授权信息。然后返回false， 返回false 则步进行后续流程。

　　 调用到： org.apache.catalina.connector.ResponseFacade#sendError(int) 发送错误响应码

    public void sendError(int sc) throws IOException {
        if (this.isCommitted()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("coyoteResponse.sendError.ise"));
        } else {
            this.response.setAppCommitted(true);
            this.response.sendError(sc);
        }
    }

　　上面就是基于角色鉴权流程。 都是以org.apache.shiro.web.filter.AccessControlFilter#onPreHandle 为入口， 里面两个方法： isAccessAllowed 判断是否允许执行， 返回true则继续后续的过滤器的执行， 返回false则继续调用onAccessDenied 。 onAccessDenied  中处理一些拒绝处理后的逻辑， 返回true 表示可以继续执行，返回false 表示后续过滤器也不执行。

3. 权限校验原理

1. 访问连接 ： http://localhost:8081/dept/test

2. 前面步骤和基于角色校验一样，断点下在org.apache.shiro.web.filter.AccessControlFilter#onPreHandle 进行查看：

    public boolean onPreHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws Exception {
        return isAccessAllowed(request, response, mappedValue) || onAccessDenied(request, response, mappedValue);
    }

参数： mappedValue 传递的是 ["dept:manage:*"]

1》 isAccessAllowed 方法： org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PermissionsAuthorizationFilter#isAccessAllowed

    public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws IOException {

        Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
        String[] perms = (String[]) mappedValue;

        boolean isPermitted = true;
        if (perms != null && perms.length > 0) {
            if (perms.length == 1) {
                if (!subject.isPermitted(perms[0])) {
                    isPermitted = false;
                }
            } else {
                if (!subject.isPermittedAll(perms)) {
                    isPermitted = false;
                }
            }
        }

        return isPermitted;
    }

　　这里可以理解， 过程和上面一样转交给Subject，

(1) 调用org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject#isPermitted(java.lang.String)

    public boolean isPermitted(String permission) {
        return hasPrincipals() && securityManager.isPermitted(getPrincipals(), permission);
    }

　　首先校验是否认证，然后转交给securityManager。

(2) org.apache.shiro.mgt.AuthorizingSecurityManager#isPermitted(org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection, java.lang.String)

    public boolean isPermitted(PrincipalCollection principals, String permissionString) {
        return this.authorizer.isPermitted(principals, permissionString);
    }

　　继续转交给授权器

(3) org.apache.shiro.authz.ModularRealmAuthorizer#isPermitted(org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection, java.lang.String)

    public boolean isPermitted(PrincipalCollection principals, String permission) {
        assertRealmsConfigured();
        for (Realm realm : getRealms()) {
            if (!(realm instanceof Authorizer)) continue;
            if (((Authorizer) realm).isPermitted(principals, permission)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

　　可以看到是获取到realm， 遍历然后进行鉴权。

(4) org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm#isPermitted(org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection, java.lang.String)

    public boolean isPermitted(PrincipalCollection principals, String permission) {
        Permission p = getPermissionResolver().resolvePermission(permission);
        return isPermitted(principals, p);
    }

　　这里将权限码解析成Permission 对象。 org.apache.shiro.authz.permission.WildcardPermissionResolver#resolvePermission：

    public Permission resolvePermission(String permissionString) {
        return new WildcardPermission(permissionString, caseSensitive);
    }

org.apache.shiro.authz.permission.WildcardPermission#WildcardPermission(java.lang.String, boolean)：

    /*--------------------------------------------
    |             C O N S T A N T S             |
    ============================================*/
    protected static final String WILDCARD_TOKEN = "*";
    protected static final String PART_DIVIDER_TOKEN = ":";
    protected static final String SUBPART_DIVIDER_TOKEN = ",";
    protected static final boolean DEFAULT_CASE_SENSITIVE = false;

    public WildcardPermission(String wildcardString, boolean caseSensitive) {
        setParts(wildcardString, caseSensitive);
    }

    protected void setParts(String wildcardString, boolean caseSensitive) {
        wildcardString = StringUtils.clean(wildcardString);

        if (wildcardString == null || wildcardString.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wildcard string cannot be null or empty. Make sure permission strings are properly formatted.");
        }

        if (!caseSensitive) {
            wildcardString = wildcardString.toLowerCase();
        }

        List<String> parts = CollectionUtils.asList(wildcardString.split(PART_DIVIDER_TOKEN));

        this.parts = new ArrayList<Set<String>>();
        for (String part : parts) {
            Set<String> subparts = CollectionUtils.asSet(part.split(SUBPART_DIVIDER_TOKEN));

            if (subparts.isEmpty()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wildcard string cannot contain parts with only dividers. Make sure permission strings are properly formatted.");
            }
            this.parts.add(subparts);
        }

        if (this.parts.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wildcard string cannot contain only dividers. Make sure permission strings are properly formatted.");
        }
    }

　　可以看到是按照传的权限码按照 ":" 切割，然后再按照"," 进行分割。 最后放到parts 集合内部。

(5) 继续调用：org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm#isPermitted(org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection, org.apache.shiro.authz.Permission)

    public boolean isPermitted(PrincipalCollection principals, Permission permission) {
        AuthorizationInfo info = getAuthorizationInfo(principals);
        return isPermitted(permission, info);
    }

    protected boolean isPermitted(Permission permission, AuthorizationInfo info) {
        Collection<Permission> perms = getPermissions(info);
        if (perms != null && !perms.isEmpty()) {
            for (Permission perm : perms) {
                if (perm.implies(permission)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    //visibility changed from private to protected per SHIRO-332
    protected Collection<Permission> getPermissions(AuthorizationInfo info) {
        Set<Permission> permissions = new HashSet<Permission>();

        if (info != null) {
            Collection<Permission> perms = info.getObjectPermissions();
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(perms)) {
                permissions.addAll(perms);
            }
            perms = resolvePermissions(info.getStringPermissions());
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(perms)) {
                permissions.addAll(perms);
            }

            perms = resolveRolePermissions(info.getRoles());
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(perms)) {
                permissions.addAll(perms);
            }
        }

        if (permissions.isEmpty()) {
            return Collections.emptySet();
        } else {
            return Collections.unmodifiableSet(permissions);
        }
    }

    private Collection<Permission> resolvePermissions(Collection<String> stringPerms) {
        Collection<Permission> perms = Collections.emptySet();
        PermissionResolver resolver = getPermissionResolver();
        if (resolver != null && !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(stringPerms)) {
            perms = new LinkedHashSet<Permission>(stringPerms.size());
            for (String strPermission : stringPerms) {
                if (StringUtils.clean(strPermission) != null) {
                    Permission permission = resolver.resolvePermission(strPermission);
                    perms.add(permission);
                }
            }
        }
        return perms;
    }

　　getAuthorizationInfo 同上面角色校验一样获取授权信息，会调用realm 的 doGetAuthorizationInfo () 方法。 然后从这个方法返回的参数内部获取到permission 权限码集合和权限码对象，然后构造成Collection<Permission>， 代表当前用户具有的权限。 然后遍历当前用户具有的权限， 调用org.apache.shiro.authz.permission.WildcardPermission#implies 判断权限码是否匹配：

    public boolean implies(Permission p) {
        // By default only supports comparisons with other WildcardPermissions
        if (!(p instanceof WildcardPermission)) {
            return false;
        }

        WildcardPermission wp = (WildcardPermission) p;

        List<Set<String>> otherParts = wp.getParts();

        int i = 0;
        for (Set<String> otherPart : otherParts) {
            // If this permission has less parts than the other permission, everything after the number of parts contained
            // in this permission is automatically implied, so return true
            if (getParts().size() - 1 < i) {
                return true;
            } else {
                Set<String> part = getParts().get(i);
                if (!part.contains(WILDCARD_TOKEN) && !part.containsAll(otherPart)) {
                    return false;
                }
                i++;
            }
        }

        // If this permission has more parts than the other parts, only imply it if all of the other parts are wildcards
        for (; i < getParts().size(); i++) {
            Set<String> part = getParts().get(i);
            if (!part.contains(WILDCARD_TOKEN)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

　　可以看到其匹配规则是对 权限码 拆分后的各个权限部分进行匹配， * 代表任意权限， 则可以下一个part 的匹配。

• getParts().size() - 1 < i 是当前权限码的part 部分少于需要匹配的部分，则返回true。

比如： user:manage -》user:manage:1。  这种情况返回true。 理解为， 比完user、manage 两部分之后， i 变为2， getParts().size() - 1  是1。 也就是当前的Permisson(user:manage) 没有剩余可比的part 部分，则返回true。

• 如果当前比对的不包含*， 则认为是等值匹配。 两个part 必须一样，如果不一样则返回false。 否则认为一样，就继续下个part 部分比对。
• 继续进行判断是处理当前对象权限码大于被比对的情况，比如：  user:manage:* -》user:manage  。那么多出的部分只能是包含*， 否则会返回false。

也就是下面几种情况可以返回true：(前面是当前用户拥有的权限码， 后面是需要验证的权限)

user:manage -》user:manage:1:2:....

user:manage:1 -》 user:manage:1

user:manage:*:* -》user:manage

 

2》 onAccessDenied 方法和上面基于角色校验逻辑一样。

4. 基于注解进行权限校验原理

　　我们也可以基于注解对方法进行校验。 这种大体思路就是基于AOP实现。

1. 开启：

    @Bean
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager) {
        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
        authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
    }

2. 测试代码

    @RequiresPermissions(value = {"test"})
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        return "test";
    }

3. 测试

　　访问报错 

org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException: Subject does not have permission [test]
    at org.apache.shiro.authz.ModularRealmAuthorizer.checkPermission(ModularRealmAuthorizer.java:323) ~[shiro-core-1.5.3.jar:1.5.3]
    at org.apache.shiro.mgt.AuthorizingSecurityManager.checkPermission(AuthorizingSecurityManager.java:137) ~[shiro-core-1.5.3.jar:1.5.3]
    at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.checkPermission(DelegatingSubject.java:209) ~[shiro-core-1.。。。

4. 原理

　　基于 PointcutAdvisor  接口实现AOP。

1. AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor类图

 2. 源码：

package org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor;

import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.*;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.aop.support.StaticMethodMatcherPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;


/**
 * TODO - complete JavaDoc
 *
 * @since 0.1
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
public class AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcutAdvisor {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.class);

    private static final Class<? extends Annotation>[] AUTHZ_ANNOTATION_CLASSES =
            new Class[] {
                    RequiresPermissions.class, RequiresRoles.class,
                    RequiresUser.class, RequiresGuest.class, RequiresAuthentication.class
            };

    protected SecurityManager securityManager = null;

    /**
     * Create a new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.
     */
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor() {
        setAdvice(new AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor());
    }

    public SecurityManager getSecurityManager() {
        return securityManager;
    }

    public void setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager securityManager) {
        this.securityManager = securityManager;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if the method or the class has any Shiro annotations, false otherwise.
     * The annotations inspected are:
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@link org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresAuthentication RequiresAuthentication}</li>
     * <li>{@link org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresUser RequiresUser}</li>
     * <li>{@link org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresGuest RequiresGuest}</li>
     * <li>{@link org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresRoles RequiresRoles}</li>
     * <li>{@link org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresPermissions RequiresPermissions}</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param method      the method to check for a Shiro annotation
     * @param targetClass the class potentially declaring Shiro annotations
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the method has a Shiro annotation, false otherwise.
     * @see org.springframework.aop.MethodMatcher#matches(java.lang.reflect.Method, Class)
     */
    public boolean matches(Method method, Class targetClass) {
        Method m = method;

        if ( isAuthzAnnotationPresent(m) ) {
            return true;
        }

        //The 'method' parameter could be from an interface that doesn't have the annotation.
        //Check to see if the implementation has it.
        if ( targetClass != null) {
            try {
                m = targetClass.getMethod(m.getName(), m.getParameterTypes());
                return isAuthzAnnotationPresent(m) || isAuthzAnnotationPresent(targetClass);
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException ignored) {
                //default return value is false.  If we can't find the method, then obviously
                //there is no annotation, so just use the default return value.
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    private boolean isAuthzAnnotationPresent(Class<?> targetClazz) {
        for( Class<? extends Annotation> annClass : AUTHZ_ANNOTATION_CLASSES ) {
            Annotation a = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(targetClazz, annClass);
            if ( a != null ) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private boolean isAuthzAnnotationPresent(Method method) {
        for( Class<? extends Annotation> annClass : AUTHZ_ANNOTATION_CLASSES ) {
            Annotation a = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, annClass);
            if ( a != null ) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

}

3. 解释：

(1) 判断是否匹配是： org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor#matches 方法。 实际是判断是否携带有org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor#AUTHZ_ANNOTATION_CLASSES 指定的相关注解。

(2) org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor#AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor 是MethodInteceptor 的处理类：

package org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.apache.shiro.aop.AnnotationResolver;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.*;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.aop.SpringAnnotationResolver;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Allows Shiro Annotations to work in any <a href="http://aopalliance.sourceforge.net/">AOP Alliance</a>
 * specific implementation environment (for example, Spring).
 *
 * @since 0.2
 */
public class AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor
        extends AnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {

    public AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor() {
        List<AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor> interceptors =
                new ArrayList<AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor>(5);

        //use a Spring-specific Annotation resolver - Spring's AnnotationUtils is nicer than the
        //raw JDK resolution process.
        AnnotationResolver resolver = new SpringAnnotationResolver();
        //we can re-use the same resolver instance - it does not retain state:
        interceptors.add(new RoleAnnotationMethodInterceptor(resolver));
        interceptors.add(new PermissionAnnotationMethodInterceptor(resolver));
        interceptors.add(new AuthenticatedAnnotationMethodInterceptor(resolver));
        interceptors.add(new UserAnnotationMethodInterceptor(resolver));
        interceptors.add(new GuestAnnotationMethodInterceptor(resolver));

        setMethodInterceptors(interceptors);
    }
    /**
     * Creates a {@link MethodInvocation MethodInvocation} that wraps an
     * {@link org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation} instance,
     * enabling Shiro Annotations in <a href="http://aopalliance.sourceforge.net/">AOP Alliance</a> environments
     * (Spring, etc).
     *
     * @param implSpecificMethodInvocation AOP Alliance {@link org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation MethodInvocation}
     * @return a Shiro {@link MethodInvocation MethodInvocation} instance that wraps the AOP Alliance instance.
     */
    protected org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation createMethodInvocation(Object implSpecificMethodInvocation) {
        final MethodInvocation mi = (MethodInvocation) implSpecificMethodInvocation;

        return new org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation() {
            public Method getMethod() {
                return mi.getMethod();
            }

            public Object[] getArguments() {
                return mi.getArguments();
            }

            public String toString() {
                return "Method invocation [" + mi.getMethod() + "]";
            }

            public Object proceed() throws Throwable {
                return mi.proceed();
            }

            public Object getThis() {
                return mi.getThis();
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Simply casts the method argument to an
     * {@link org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation} and then
     * calls <code>methodInvocation.{@link org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation#proceed proceed}()</code>
     *
     * @param aopAllianceMethodInvocation the {@link org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation}
     * @return the {@link org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation#proceed() org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation.proceed()} method call result.
     * @throws Throwable if the underlying AOP Alliance <code>proceed()</code> call throws a <code>Throwable</code>.
     */
    protected Object continueInvocation(Object aopAllianceMethodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        MethodInvocation mi = (MethodInvocation) aopAllianceMethodInvocation;
        return mi.proceed();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a Shiro {@link MethodInvocation MethodInvocation} instance and then immediately calls
     * {@link org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingMethodInterceptor#invoke super.invoke}.
     *
     * @param methodInvocation the AOP Alliance-specific <code>methodInvocation</code> instance.
     * @return the return value from invoking the method invocation.
     * @throws Throwable if the underlying AOP Alliance method invocation throws a <code>Throwable</code>.
     */
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation mi = createMethodInvocation(methodInvocation);
        return super.invoke(mi);
    }
}

　　methodInterceptors 维护了五个相关的Handler。

org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingMethodInterceptor：

public abstract class AuthorizingMethodInterceptor extends MethodInterceptorSupport {

    /**
     * Invokes the specified method (<code>methodInvocation.{@link org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation#proceed proceed}()</code>
     * if authorization is allowed by first
     * calling {@link #assertAuthorized(org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation) assertAuthorized}.
     */
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        assertAuthorized(methodInvocation);
        return methodInvocation.proceed();
    }

    /**
     * Asserts that the specified MethodInvocation is allowed to continue by performing any necessary authorization
     * (access control) checks first.
     * @param methodInvocation the <code>MethodInvocation</code> to invoke.
     * @throws AuthorizationException if the <code>methodInvocation</code> should not be allowed to continue/execute.
     */
    protected abstract void assertAuthorized(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws AuthorizationException;

}

　　invoke 执行AOP时 有assertAuthorized 逻辑。这个方法的逻辑也就是调用上面五个Handler， 然后调用其 supports 方法判断是否支持，然后调用其assertAuthorized 方法。

(3) 以org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.RoleAnnotationMethodInterceptor#RoleAnnotationMethodInterceptor() 角色校验为例子

public class RoleAnnotationMethodInterceptor extends AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor {

    /**
     * Default no-argument constructor that ensures this interceptor looks for
     * {@link RequiresRoles RequiresRoles} annotations in a method declaration.
     */
    public RoleAnnotationMethodInterceptor() {
        super( new RoleAnnotationHandler() );
    }

    /**
     * @param resolver
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public RoleAnnotationMethodInterceptor(AnnotationResolver resolver) {
        super(new RoleAnnotationHandler(), resolver);
    }
}

org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor 源码如下：

public abstract class AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor extends AnnotationMethodInterceptor
{
    
    /**
     * Constructor that ensures the internal <code>handler</code> is set which will be used to perform the
     * authorization assertion checks when a supported annotation is encountered.
     * @param handler the internal <code>handler</code> used to perform authorization assertion checks when a 
     * supported annotation is encountered.
     */
    public AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor( AuthorizingAnnotationHandler handler ) {
        super(handler);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param handler
     * @param resolver
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor( AuthorizingAnnotationHandler handler,
                                                   AnnotationResolver resolver) {
        super(handler, resolver);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures the <code>methodInvocation</code> is allowed to execute first before proceeding by calling the
     * {@link #assertAuthorized(org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation) assertAuthorized} method first.
     *
     * @param methodInvocation the method invocation to check for authorization prior to allowing it to proceed/execute.
     * @return the return value from the method invocation (the value of {@link org.apache.shiro.aop.MethodInvocation#proceed() MethodInvocation.proceed()}).
     * @throws org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationException if the <code>MethodInvocation</code> is not allowed to proceed.
     * @throws Throwable if any other error occurs.
     */
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        assertAuthorized(methodInvocation);
        return methodInvocation.proceed();
    }

    /**
     * Ensures the calling Subject is authorized to execute the specified <code>MethodInvocation</code>.
     * <p/>
     * As this is an AnnotationMethodInterceptor, this implementation merely delegates to the internal
     * {@link AuthorizingAnnotationHandler AuthorizingAnnotationHandler} by first acquiring the annotation by
     * calling {@link #getAnnotation(MethodInvocation) getAnnotation(methodInvocation)} and then calls
     * {@link AuthorizingAnnotationHandler#assertAuthorized(java.lang.annotation.Annotation) handler.assertAuthorized(annotation)}.
     *
     * @param mi the <code>MethodInvocation</code> to check to see if it is allowed to proceed/execute.
     * @throws AuthorizationException if the method invocation is not allowed to continue/execute.
     */
    public void assertAuthorized(MethodInvocation mi) throws AuthorizationException {
        try {
            ((AuthorizingAnnotationHandler)getHandler()).assertAuthorized(getAnnotation(mi));
        }
        catch(AuthorizationException ae) {
            // Annotation handler doesn't know why it was called, so add the information here if possible. 
            // Don't wrap the exception here since we don't want to mask the specific exception, such as 
            // UnauthenticatedException etc. 
            if (ae.getCause() == null) ae.initCause(new AuthorizationException("Not authorized to invoke method: " + mi.getMethod()));
            throw ae;
        }         
    }
}

　　可以看到上面(2) 执行AOP时调用 assertAuthorized  调用到 org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingAnnotationMethodInterceptor#assertAuthorized。 这个调用到具体Handler的assertAuthorized 方法。

org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.RoleAnnotationHandler：

public class RoleAnnotationHandler extends AuthorizingAnnotationHandler {

    /**
     * Default no-argument constructor that ensures this handler looks for
     * {@link org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresRoles RequiresRoles} annotations.
     */
    public RoleAnnotationHandler() {
        super(RequiresRoles.class);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the calling <code>Subject</code> has the Annotation's specified roles, and if not, throws an
     * <code>AuthorizingException</code> indicating that access is denied.
     *
     * @param a the RequiresRoles annotation to use to check for one or more roles
     * @throws org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationException
     *          if the calling <code>Subject</code> does not have the role(s) necessary to
     *          proceed.
     */
    public void assertAuthorized(Annotation a) throws AuthorizationException {
        if (!(a instanceof RequiresRoles)) return;

        RequiresRoles rrAnnotation = (RequiresRoles) a;
        String[] roles = rrAnnotation.value();

        if (roles.length == 1) {
            getSubject().checkRole(roles[0]);
            return;
        }
        if (Logical.AND.equals(rrAnnotation.logical())) {
            getSubject().checkRoles(Arrays.asList(roles));
            return;
        }
        if (Logical.OR.equals(rrAnnotation.logical())) {
            // Avoid processing exceptions unnecessarily - "delay" throwing the exception by calling hasRole first
            boolean hasAtLeastOneRole = false;
            for (String role : roles) if (getSubject().hasRole(role)) hasAtLeastOneRole = true;
            // Cause the exception if none of the role match, note that the exception message will be a bit misleading
            if (!hasAtLeastOneRole) getSubject().checkRole(roles[0]);
        }
    }

}

　　可以看到核心逻辑也是解析注解上的value。 然后调用 org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject#checkRoles(java.util.Collection<java.lang.String>) 检查是否有相应权限。 最终和上面校验角色和权限一样。比如checkRoles 最终调用到：org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm#checkRole(java.lang.String, org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo)

    protected void checkRole(String role, AuthorizationInfo info) {
        if (!hasRole(role, info)) {
            String msg = "User does not have role [" + role + "]";
            throw new UnauthorizedException(msg);
        }
    }