离线获取docker镜像(docker save vs load)&docker export vs import& docker commit

　　有时候一些必要的软件必须基于内网安装，于是采用docker镜像迁移的方式进行。

1.镜像迁移=离线获取镜像(save vs load)

1.基于nginx构建一个简单的镜像(当然公网上直接拉下来的镜像也可以)

(1)Dockerfile内容如下：

FROM ubuntu
MAINTAINER qlq qlq@163.com
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y nginx
COPY index.html /var/www/html
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
EXPOSE 80

index.html内容如下：

<Html>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<Head>
<title>nginx 首页</title>
</Head>
<Body>
欢迎你！
</Body>
</Html>

(2)构建镜像

docker build -t mynginx .

(3)查看镜像

$ docker images | grep myn
mynginx                                 latest               d9d27ba1207a        5 minutes ago       155MB

2.使用docker save命令对镜像进行打包

(1)docker save 用法如下：

$ docker save --help

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)

Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

(2)打包

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker save -o mynginx.tar mynginx

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ ll
total 155526
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121       180 6月   1 11:39 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121       161 6月   1 13:32 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 Administrator 197121 159256064 6月   1 13:47 mynginx.tar

3.docker load加载打包后的镜像

(1)先删除上面的本地镜像

$ docker rmi -f mynginx
Untagged: mynginx:latest

(2)load用法如下：

$ docker load --help

Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN

Options:
  -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
  -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output

(3)加载mynginx.tar构建镜像

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker load -i mynginx.tar
Loaded image: mynginx:latest

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker images | grep myng
mynginx                                 latest               d9d27ba1207a        12 minutes ago      155MB

2. docker export vs import (容器导出为tar VS tar导入为镜像)

1.docker export：将容器(文件系统)作为一个tar归档文件导出到STDOUT。

$ docker export --help

Usage:  docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive

Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

从接的参数猜测，直接接container，多半就是dump rootfs了

例如：

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f6f212ca3017        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         41 minutes ago      Up 41 minutes                           practical_tesla

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker export -o ubuntu.tar f6f212ca3017

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ ls | grep ubuntu
ubuntu.tar

2. docker import 从归档文件中创建镜像。

$ docker import --help

Usage:  docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image

Options:
  -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  -m, --message string   Set commit message for imported image

注意：docker import后面接的是docker export导出的文件，也就是一个文件系统，所以导入的镜像是不带历史的
使用docker history $image_name 查看镜像，只有一层

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker import ubuntu.tar myubuntu #基于容器导出的tar构建镜像
sha256:9771bf4f1f7470b949b659894fbca936556b6350ee8c5bd76729a8f831243903

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker images
REPOSITORY                              TAG                  IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
myubuntu                                latest               9771bf4f1f74        3 seconds ago       162MB
mynginx                                 latest               d9d27ba1207a        3 hours ago         155MB
ubuntu                                  latest               1d622ef86b13        5 weeks ago         73.9MB
ecm_tomcat2                             latest               bb7bd1013a9c        3 months ago        889MB
ecm_tomcat                              latest               c62a6bd19ecf        3 months ago        889MB
nginx                                   latest               2073e0bcb60e        4 months ago        127MB
hub.c.163.com/ray11415/tesseract        latest               b49db28cb085        23 months ago       454MB
hub.c.163.com/library/tomcat            latest               72d2be374029        2 years ago         292MB
hub.c.163.com/springwen/oracle-xe-11g   latest               04851454491b        2 years ago         792MB
hub.c.163.com/library/tomcat            7.0.78-jre7-alpine   abe56df7b966        2 years ago         151MB
hub.c.163.com/library/mysql             latest               9e64176cd8a2        3 years ago         407MB
hub.c.163.com/library/mysql             5.5.48               7d1caa7ed830        4 years ago         256MB

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker history myubuntu　　#查看镜像历史
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY          SIZE                COMMENT
9771bf4f1f74        15 seconds ago                          162MB               Imported from -

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker history ubuntu
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
1d622ef86b13        5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do…   7B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -xe   && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /…   811B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ]     1.01MB
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a58c8b447951f9e30…   72.8MB

3.docker commit 使用容器创建镜像

$ docker commit -h
Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help

Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Create a new image from a container's changes

Options:
  -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith
                         <hannibal@a-team.com>")
  -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  -m, --message string   Commit message
  -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)

commit是合并了save、load、export、import这几个特性的一个综合性的命令，它主要做了：
(1)将container当前的读写层保存下来，保存成一个新层
(2)和镜像的历史层一起合并成一个新的镜像
(3)如果原本的镜像有3层，commit之后就会有4层，最新的一层为从镜像运行到commit之间对文件系统的修改

例如：基于ubuntu构建自己的镜像

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e7856417a422        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            inspiring_shirley

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ docker commit e7856417a422 myubuntu2
sha256:e5757f2d6d4b3335a474eb53c7a7ebbe9478db871669657dfc01bc411c76ff7b

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ docker images | grep ubun
myubuntu2                               latest               e5757f2d6d4b        9 seconds ago       73.9MB
myubuntu                                latest               9771bf4f1f74        28 minutes ago      162MB
ubuntu                                  latest               1d622ef86b13        5 weeks ago         73.9MB

查看镜像历史：

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker history ubuntu
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
1d622ef86b13        5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do…   7B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -xe   && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /…   811B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ]     1.01MB
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a58c8b447951f9e30…   72.8MB

Administrator@MicroWin10-1535 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/dockertest
$ docker history myubuntu2
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
e5757f2d6d4b        6 hours ago         /bin/bash                                       20B
1d622ef86b13        5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do…   7B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -xe   && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /…   811B
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ]     1.01MB
<missing>           5 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a58c8b447951f9e30…   72.8MB

posted @ 2020-06-01 22:39 QiaoZhi 阅读(1687) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Qiao_Zhi

有远大抱负的人不可忽略眼前的工作!!!