奇迹969

 

AJAX 和 JSON

AJAX:
1. 概念: ASynchronous JavaScript And XML 异步的JavaScript 和 XML
  1. 异步和同步:客户端和服务器端相互通信的基础上
  * 客户端必须等待服务器端的响应。在等待的期间客户端不能做其他操作。
   * 客户端不需要等待服务器端的响应。在服务器处理请求的过程中,客户端可以进行其他的操作。

Ajax 是一种在无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术。
通过在后台与服务器进行少量数据交换,Ajax 可以使网页实现异步更新。这意味着可以在不重新加载整个网页的情况下,对网页的某部分进行更新。
传统的网页(不使用 Ajax)如果需要更新内容,必须重载整个网页页面。

 

原生实现方法

html:


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script>
        
        //定义方法
        function  fun() {
            //发送异步请求
            //1.创建核心对象
            var xmlhttp;
            if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
            {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
                xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
            }
            else
            {// code for IE6, IE5
                xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
            }

            //2. 建立连接
            /*
                参数:
                    1. 请求方式:GET、POST
                        * get方式,请求参数在URL后边拼接。send方法为空参
                        * post方式,请求参数在send方法中定义
                    2. 请求的URL:
                    3. 同步或异步请求:true(异步)或 false(同步)

             */
            xmlhttp.open("GET","ajaxServlet?username=tom",true);
            // username=tom 参数
            //3.发送请求  把上面的请求发出
            xmlhttp.send();

            //4.接受并处理来自服务器的响应结果
            //获取方式 :xmlhttp.responseText
            //什么时候获取?当服务器响应成功后再获取

            //当xmlhttp对象的就绪状态改变时,触发事件onreadystatechange。
            xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
            {
                //判断readyState就绪状态是否为4,判断status响应状态码是否为200
                if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
                {
                   //获取服务器的响应结果
                    var responseText = xmlhttp.responseText;
                    alert(responseText);
                }
            }

        }
        
    </script>
    
    
</head>
<body>

    <input type="button" value="发送异步请求" onclick="fun();">

    <input>
</body>
</html>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
servlet:
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ajaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");

/* //处理业务逻辑。耗时
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}*/
//2.打印username
System.out.println(username);

//3.响应
response.getWriter().write("hello : " + username);


}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}

 

 

jquery  AJAX:

 

jquery:
<script>
        
        //定义方法
        function  fun() {
            //使用$.ajax()发送异步请求

            $.ajax({
                url:"ajaxServlet1111" , // 请求路径
                type:"POST" , //请求方式
                //data: "username=jack&age=23",//请求参数
                data:{"username":"jack","age":23},
                success:function (data) {
                    alert(data);
                },//响应成功后的回调函数
                error:function () {
                    alert("出错啦...")
                },//表示如果请求响应出现错误,会执行的回调函数

                dataType:"text"//设置接受到的响应数据的格式
            });
        }
        
    </script>

get

<script>
        
        //定义方法
        function  fun() {

            $.get("ajaxServlet",{username:"rose"},function (data) {
                alert(data);
            },"text");

        }
        
    </script>

 

 

post

  <script>
        
        //定义方法
        function  fun() {

            $.post("ajaxServlet",{username:"rose"},function (data) {
                alert(data);
            },"text");

        }
        
    </script>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JSON

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script>
        //1.定义基本格式
        var person = {"name": "张三", age: 23, 'gender': true};

        //获取name的值
        //var name = person.name;
        var name = person["name"];
       // alert(name);

        //alert(person);
        //2.嵌套格式   {}———> []
        var persons = {
            "persons": [
                {"name": "张三", "age": 23, "gender": true},
                {"name": "李四", "age": 24, "gender": true},
                {"name": "王五", "age": 25, "gender": false}
                ],
            "persons1": [
                {"name": "张三", "age": 23, "gender": true},
                {"name": "李四", "age": 24, "gender": true},
                {"name": "王五", "age": 25, "gender": false}
            ],
        };
       // alert(persons);
        //获取王五值
        var name1 = persons.persons[2].name;
       // alert(name1);


        //2.嵌套格式   []———> {}
        var ps = [{"name": "张三", "age": 23, "gender": true},
            {"name": "李四", "age": 24, "gender": true},
            {"name": "王五", "age": 25, "gender": false}];
        //获取李四值
        //alert(ps);
        alert(ps[1].name);


    </script>

</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

json 值得获取

注意:一定要【  】  中间没有点

 for (var i = 0; i < ps.length; i++) {
            var p = ps[i];
            for(var key in p){
                alert(key+":"+p[key]);
            }
        }

 

 

 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JSON  和 JAVA   的相互转换

JSON数据和Java对象的相互转换

        * JSON解析器:
            * 常见的解析器:Jsonlib,Gson,fastjson,jackson
        
        1. JSON转为Java对象
            1. 导入jackson的相关jar包
            2. 创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
            3. 调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
                1. readValue(json字符串数据,Class)
        2. Java对象转换JSON
            1. 使用步骤:
                1. 导入jackson的相关jar包
                2. 创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
                3. 调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
                    1. 转换方法:
                        * writeValue(参数1,obj):
                            参数1:
                                File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
                                Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
                                OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
                        * writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串

                    2. 注解: 在类。java 文件里 属性上方添加
                        1. @JsonIgnore:排除属性。
                        2. @JsonFormat:属性值得格式化
                            * @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")

                    3. 复杂java对象转换
                        1. List:数组
                        2. Map:对象格式一致

 

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

json 练习

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);

 

 

 

package cn.itcast.test;

import cn.itcast.domain.Person;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.*;

public class JacksonTest {


    //Java对象转为JSON字符串
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {
        //1.创建Person对象
        Person p  = new Person();
        p.setName("张三");
        p.setAge(23);
        p.setGender("男");

        //2.创建Jackson的核心对象  ObjectMapper
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //3.转换
        /*

            转换方法:
                writeValue(参数1,obj):
                    参数1:
                        File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
                        Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
                        OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
                writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串

         */
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
        //{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"}
        //System.out.println(json);//{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"}



        //writeValue,将数据写到d://a.txt文件中
        //mapper.writeValue(new File("d://a.txt"),p);

        //writeValue.将数据关联到Writer中
        mapper.writeValue(new FileWriter("d://b.txt"),p);
    }


    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception {
        //1.创建Person对象
        Person p = new Person();
        p.setName("张三");
        p.setAge(23);
        p.setGender("男");
        p.setBirthday(new Date());



        //2.转换
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);

        System.out.println(json);//{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":1530958029263}
                                //{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"}
    }



    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception {
        //1.创建Person对象
        Person p = new Person();
        p.setName("张三");
        p.setAge(23);
        p.setGender("男");
        p.setBirthday(new Date());

        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.setName("张三");
        p1.setAge(23);
        p1.setGender("男");
        p1.setBirthday(new Date());

        Person p2 = new Person();
        p2.setName("张三");
        p2.setAge(23);
        p2.setGender("男");
        p2.setBirthday(new Date());


        //创建List集合
        List<Person> ps = new ArrayList<Person>();
        ps.add(p);
        ps.add(p1);
        ps.add(p2);


        //2.转换
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(ps);
        // [{},{},{}]
        //[{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"},{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"},{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"}]
        System.out.println(json);
    }

    @Test
    public void test4() throws Exception {
        //1.创建map对象
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("name","张三");
        map.put("age",23);
        map.put("gender","男");


        //2.转换
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
        //{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"}
        System.out.println(json);//{"gender":"男","name":"张三","age":23}
    }

    //演示 JSON字符串转为Java对象
    @Test
    public void test5() throws Exception {
       //1.初始化JSON字符串
        String json = "{\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"张三\",\"age\":23}";

        //2.创建ObjectMapper对象
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //3.转换为Java对象 Person对象
        Person person = mapper.readValue(json, Person.class);

        System.out.println(person);
    }

}

 

 

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

blur 事件   失去焦点事件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册页面</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>


    <script>
        //在页面加载完成后
        $(function () {
           //给username绑定blur事件
           $("#username").blur(function () {
               //获取username文本输入框的值
               var username = $(this).val();
               //发送ajax请求
               //期望服务器响应回的数据格式:{"userExsit":true,"msg":"此用户名太受欢迎,请更换一个"}
               //                         {"userExsit":false,"msg":"用户名可用"}
               $.get("findUserServlet",{username:username},function (data) {
                   //判断userExsit键的值是否是true

                   // alert(data);
                   var span = $("#s_username");
                   if(data.userExsit){
                       //用户名存在
                       span.css("color","red");
                       span.html(data.msg);
                   }else{
                       //用户名不存在
                       span.css("color","green");
                       span.html(data.msg);
                   }
               });

           }); 
        });

    </script>
</head>
<body>


    <form>

        <input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
        <span id="s_username"></span>
        <br>
        <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="注册"><br>

    </form>

</body>
</html>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
servlet:
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/findUserServlet")
public class FindUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取用户名
String username = request.getParameter("username");

//2.调用service层判断用户名是否存在

//期望服务器响应回的数据格式:{"userExsit":true,"msg":"此用户名太受欢迎,请更换一个"}
// {"userExsit":false,"msg":"用户名可用"}

//设置响应的数据格式为json
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();

if("tom".equals(username)){
//存在
map.put("userExsit",true);
map.put("msg","此用户名太受欢迎,请更换一个");
}else{
//不存在
map.put("userExsit",false);
map.put("msg","用户名可用");
}

//将map转为json,并且传递给客户端
//将map转为json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//并且传递给客户端
mapper.writeValue(response.getWriter(),map);


}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
 

 

posted on 2020-10-16 17:10  奇迹969  阅读(106)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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