MariaDB数据表操作实例

1. MariaDB 数据库操作实例

MariaDB>create database class;  //创建class数据库
MariaDB>use class;
MariaDB>create table class.student(  //创建student表
              id int(4) primary key,
              name varchar(4) not null,
              age int(2) not null,
              );
MariaDB>desc student;

MariaDB>alter table student add address varchar(48);  //添加address字段
MariaDB>alter table student add gender enum("boy","girl") after age;  //在age字段后面添加gender字段
MariaDB>alter table student change gender  
              sex ("boy","girl") not null;  //将gender字段名更改为sex
MariaDB>alert table student drop sex;  //删除sex字段

2. MariaDB 索引创建与删除

MariaDB 索引有普通索引、唯一索引、主键索引、自增主键索引.

MariaDB>create database erp;  //创建erp数据库
MariaDB>create table erp.product(            //创建product表
            id int(4) not null,
            name varchar(8) not null,
            type enum("usefull","bad") not null,
            instruction  char(8) not null,
            index(id),index(name)
            );
MariaDB>desc product;
MariaDB>drop index name on product;   //删除name字段的索引
MariaDB>create index shuoming on product(instruction);  //给指定字段创建索引
MariaDB>show inedx from erp.product\G;  //查看表的索引
MariaDB>create table price(              //建表时设置唯一索引
            id int(4),
            name varchar(4) not null,
            TTL int(4) not null,
            unique(id),unique(name),index(TTL)
            );
MariaDB>desc price;
MariaDB>drop index name on price;    //删除索引
MariaDB>create unique index name on price(name);    //指定字段创建唯一索引

建表时设置主键索引

如果表内没有主键字段, 则新设置的非空唯一索引字段相当于主键索引功能.

每个表的主键字段只能有一个.

MariaDB>create table test1(        //建表时指定主键字段
            id int(4) primary key,
            name varchar(8)
            );
MariaDB>create table test1(        
            id int(4),
            name varchar(8),
            primary key(id)
            );
MariaDB>create table test2(          //自增主键
            id int(4) auto_incremnet,
            name varchar(8) not null,
            age int(2) not null,
            primary key(id)
            );

MariaDB>alter table test1 drop primary key;    //删除主键

MariaDB>alter table test2 modify id int(4) not null;    //test2中id字段有自增属性,必须先去掉自增属性才能删除主键
MariaDB>alter table test2 drop primary key;
MariaDB>alter table test2 add primary key(id);    //指定字段添加主键

3. 外键同步更新与删除

MariaDB>create table water(          //创建自增主键的表
            w_id int(4) auto_increment,
            name varchar(8) not null,
            primary key(id)
            );
MariaDB>create table river(              //river表中的r_id作为外键,water表中w_id作为参考键
            r_id int(4) not null,
            name varchar(8) not null,
            position float(7,2) not null default 0,
            index(name),
            foreign key(r_id) references water(w_id) on update cascade delete cascade
            );

 

posted @ 2018-11-06 10:26  新时代木工  阅读(2136)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报