CMake学习之路
一 为什么使用CMake
CMake是一个比make更高级的编译配置工具，它可以根据不同平台、不同的编译器，生成相应的Makefile或者vcproj项目。通过编写CMakeLists.txt，可以控制生成的Makefile，从而控制编译过程。CMake自动生成的Makefile不仅可以通过make命令构建项目生成目标文件，还支持安装（make install）、测试安装的程序是否能正确执行（make test，或者ctest）、生成当前平台的安装包（make package）、生成源码包（make package_source）、产生Dashboard显示数据并上传等高级功能，只要在CMakeLists.txt中简单配置，就可以完成很多复杂的功能，包括写测试用例。如果有嵌套目录，子目录下可以有自己的CMakeLists.txt。总之很强大！
二 CMake安装
安装很简单
三 CMake基本使用和语法
command （args ...）
command 是命令名，大小写无关（注意：变量是大小写相关的）
args 是参数，参数如果有空格，应该用双引号括起来
变量引用用${VAR}语法
set命令可以将多变量可以放在一起，合成为一个变量,如下所示
set（Foo a b c）
command(${Foo})=command(a b c)
command("${Foo}")=command("a b c")
CMake可以直接获取系统环境变量和Windows注册值。为了获取系统环境变量，需要语法
$ENV{VAR}
四 CMake中的Hello World
CMakeLists.txt文件中
project(Hello) add_executable(Hello Hello.c)
这只是最简单的版本，下面还有一个复杂一些的版本
cmake_minimum_required (2.6)
project (HELLO)
set (HELLO_SRCS Hello.c File2.c File3.c)
if (win32)
set (HELLO_SRCS ${HELLO_SRCS} WinSupport.c)
else ()
set (HELLO_SRCS ${HELLO_SRCS} UnixSupport.c)
endif ()
add_executable (Hello ${HELLO_SRCS})
#look for Tcl library
find_library (TCL_LIBRARY NAMES tcl tcl84 tcl83 tcl82 tcl80 PATHS /usr/lib /usr/local/lib)
if (TCL_LIBRARY)
target_link_library (HELLO ${TCL_LIBRARY})
endif ()
五 Run Cmake
cd Hello
cmake ..
make
六 CMake帮助文档
安装完之后，进入/usr/share/cmake
目录形式如下
.
├── completions
├── editors
│ ├── emacs
│ └── vim
├── Help
│ ├── command
│ ├── generator
│ ├── include
│ ├── manual
│ ├── module
│ ├── policy
│ ├── prop_cache
│ ├── prop_dir
│ ├── prop_gbl
│ ├── prop_inst
│ ├── prop_sf
│ ├── prop_test
│ ├── prop_tgt
│ ├── release
│ └── variable
├── include
├── Modules
│ ├── CMakeAddFortranSubdirectory
│ ├── Compiler
│ ├── CompilerId
│ ├── FindCUDA
│ ├── FortranCInterface
│ │ └── Verify
│ ├── IntelVSImplicitPath
│ ├── Internal
│ └── Platform
└── Templates
└── Windows
其中需要注意的是Help目录和Modules目录，Help目录为帮助文档，Modulues目录为find_package指令的查找目录之一。
cmake --help
我们可以查看cmake帮助，这个很全，比如显示cmake的指令
cmake --help-command-list
add_compile_options add_custom_command add_custom_target add_definitions add_dependencies add_executable add_library add_subdirectory add_test aux_source_directory break build_command build_name cmake_host_system_information cmake_minimum_required cmake_policy configure_file continue create_test_sourcelist ctest_build ctest_configure ctest_coverage ctest_empty_binary_directory ctest_memcheck ctest_read_custom_files ctest_run_script ctest_sleep ctest_start ctest_submit ctest_test ctest_update ctest_upload define_property else elseif enable_language enable_testing endforeach endfunction endif endmacro endwhile exec_program execute_process export export_library_dependencies file find_file find_library find_package find_path find_program fltk_wrap_ui foreach function get_cmake_property get_directory_property get_filename_component get_property get_source_file_property get_target_property get_test_property if include include_directories include_external_msproject include_regular_expression install install_files install_programs install_targets link_directories link_libraries list load_cache load_command macro make_directory mark_as_advanced math message option output_required_files project qt_wrap_cpp qt_wrap_ui remove remove_definitions return separate_arguments set set_directory_properties set_property set_source_files_properties set_target_properties set_tests_properties site_name source_group string subdir_depends subdirs target_compile_definitions target_compile_features target_compile_options target_include_directories target_link_libraries target_sources try_compile try_run unset use_mangled_mesa utility_source variable_requires variable_watch while write_file
再如cmake定义的变量
cmake --help-variable-list
<PROJECT-NAME>_BINARY_DIR <PROJECT-NAME>_SOURCE_DIR <PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION <PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION_MAJOR <PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION_MINOR <PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION_PATCH <PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION_TWEAK APPLE BORLAND BUILD_SHARED_LIBS CMAKE_<CONFIG>_POSTFIX CMAKE_<LANG>_ARCHIVE_APPEND CMAKE_<LANG>_ARCHIVE_CREATE CMAKE_<LANG>_ARCHIVE_FINISH CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_ABI CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_ID CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_LOADED CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_TARGET CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_VERSION CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILE_OBJECT CMAKE_<LANG>_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY CMAKE_<LANG>_CREATE_SHARED_MODULE CMAKE_<LANG>_CREATE_STATIC_LIBRARY CMAKE_<LANG>_FLAGS CMAKE_<LANG>_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_<LANG>_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL CMAKE_<LANG>_FLAGS_RELEASE CMAKE_<LANG>_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO CMAKE_<LANG>_IGNORE_EXTENSIONS CMAKE_<LANG>_IMPLICIT_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES CMAKE_<LANG>_IMPLICIT_LINK_DIRECTORIES CMAKE_<LANG>_IMPLICIT_LINK_FRAMEWORK_DIRECTORIES CMAKE_<LANG>_IMPLICIT_LINK_LIBRARIES CMAKE_<LANG>_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE CMAKE_<LANG>_LINKER_PREFERENCE CMAKE_<LANG>_LINKER_PREFERENCE_PROPAGATES CMAKE_<LANG>_LINK_EXECUTABLE CMAKE_<LANG>_OUTPUT_EXTENSION CMAKE_<LANG>_PLATFORM_ID CMAKE_<LANG>_SIMULATE_ID CMAKE_<LANG>_SIMULATE_VERSION CMAKE_<LANG>_SIZEOF_DATA_PTR CMAKE_<LANG>_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS CMAKE_<LANG>_VISIBILITY_PRESET CMAKE_ABSOLUTE_DESTINATION_FILES CMAKE_ANDROID_API CMAKE_ANDROID_API_MIN CMAKE_ANDROID_GUI CMAKE_APPBUNDLE_PATH CMAKE_AR CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY CMAKE_ARGC CMAKE_ARGV0 CMAKE_AUTOMOC CMAKE_AUTOMOC_MOC_OPTIONS CMAKE_AUTOMOC_RELAXED_MODE CMAKE_AUTORCC CMAKE_AUTORCC_OPTIONS CMAKE_AUTOUIC CMAKE_AUTOUIC_OPTIONS CMAKE_BACKWARDS_COMPATIBILITY CMAKE_BINARY_DIR CMAKE_BUILD_TOOL CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH CMAKE_CACHEFILE_DIR CMAKE_CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION CMAKE_CACHE_MINOR_VERSION CMAKE_CACHE_PATCH_VERSION CMAKE_CFG_INTDIR CMAKE_CL_64 CMAKE_COLOR_MAKEFILE CMAKE_COMMAND CMAKE_COMPILER_2005 CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNU<LANG> CMAKE_COMPILE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY CMAKE_COMPILE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG> CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_LINE CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED CMAKE_C_COMPILE_FEATURES CMAKE_C_EXTENSIONS CMAKE_C_STANDARD CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX CMAKE_DEBUG_TARGET_PROPERTIES CMAKE_DISABLE_FIND_PACKAGE_<PackageName> CMAKE_DL_LIBS CMAKE_EDIT_COMMAND CMAKE_ERROR_DEPRECATED CMAKE_ERROR_ON_ABSOLUTE_INSTALL_DESTINATION CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_<CONFIG> CMAKE_EXPORT_NO_PACKAGE_REGISTRY CMAKE_EXTRA_GENERATOR CMAKE_EXTRA_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES CMAKE_FIND_NO_INSTALL_PREFIX CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NO_PACKAGE_REGISTRY CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NO_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_REGISTRY CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_WARN_NO_MODULE CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM CMAKE_FRAMEWORK_PATH CMAKE_Fortran_FORMAT CMAKE_Fortran_MODDIR_DEFAULT CMAKE_Fortran_MODDIR_FLAG CMAKE_Fortran_MODOUT_FLAG CMAKE_Fortran_MODULE_DIRECTORY CMAKE_GENERATOR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET CMAKE_GNUtoMS CMAKE_HOME_DIRECTORY CMAKE_HOST_APPLE CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_VERSION CMAKE_HOST_UNIX CMAKE_HOST_WIN32 CMAKE_IGNORE_PATH CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_PREFIX CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_SUFFIX CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR_IN_INTERFACE CMAKE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_BEFORE CMAKE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_PROJECT_BEFORE CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH CMAKE_INSTALL_DEFAULT_COMPONENT_NAME CMAKE_INSTALL_MESSAGE CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH CMAKE_INTERNAL_PLATFORM_ABI CMAKE_JOB_POOL_COMPILE CMAKE_JOB_POOL_LINK CMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE CMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE_REGEX CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH_FLAG CMAKE_LINK_DEF_FILE_FLAG CMAKE_LINK_DEPENDS_NO_SHARED CMAKE_LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES CMAKE_LINK_LIBRARY_FILE_FLAG CMAKE_LINK_LIBRARY_FLAG CMAKE_LINK_LIBRARY_SUFFIX CMAKE_MACOSX_BUNDLE CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM CMAKE_MAP_IMPORTED_CONFIG_<CONFIG> CMAKE_MATCH_COUNT CMAKE_MFC_FLAG CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED_VERSION CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_<CONFIG> CMAKE_MODULE_PATH CMAKE_NOT_USING_CONFIG_FLAGS CMAKE_NO_BUILTIN_CHRPATH CMAKE_NO_SYSTEM_FROM_IMPORTED CMAKE_OBJECT_PATH_MAX CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT CMAKE_PARENT_LIST_FILE CMAKE_PATCH_VERSION CMAKE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY CMAKE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_<CONFIG> CMAKE_POLICY_DEFAULT_CMP<NNNN> CMAKE_POLICY_WARNING_CMP<NNNN> CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH CMAKE_PROGRAM_PATH CMAKE_PROJECT_<PROJECT-NAME>_INCLUDE CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME CMAKE_RANLIB CMAKE_ROOT CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_<CONFIG> CMAKE_SHARED_MODULE_PREFIX CMAKE_SHARED_MODULE_SUFFIX CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH CMAKE_SKIP_INSTALL_ALL_DEPENDENCY CMAKE_SKIP_INSTALL_RPATH CMAKE_SKIP_INSTALL_RULES CMAKE_SKIP_RPATH CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR CMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX CMAKE_STANDARD_LIBRARIES CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_<CONFIG> CMAKE_SYSROOT CMAKE_SYSTEM CMAKE_SYSTEM_IGNORE_PATH CMAKE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_PATH CMAKE_SYSTEM_LIBRARY_PATH CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME CMAKE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_PATH CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROGRAM_PATH CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_CONFIGURATION CMAKE_TWEAK_VERSION CMAKE_USER_MAKE_RULES_OVERRIDE CMAKE_USER_MAKE_RULES_OVERRIDE_<LANG> CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE CMAKE_VERSION CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN CMAKE_VS_DEVENV_COMMAND CMAKE_VS_INTEL_Fortran_PROJECT_VERSION CMAKE_VS_MSBUILD_COMMAND CMAKE_VS_MSDEV_COMMAND CMAKE_VS_NsightTegra_VERSION CMAKE_VS_PLATFORM_NAME CMAKE_VS_PLATFORM_TOOLSET CMAKE_WARN_DEPRECATED CMAKE_WARN_ON_ABSOLUTE_INSTALL_DESTINATION CMAKE_WIN32_EXECUTABLE CMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_<an-attribute> CMAKE_XCODE_PLATFORM_TOOLSET CPACK_ABSOLUTE_DESTINATION_FILES CPACK_COMPONENT_INCLUDE_TOPLEVEL_DIRECTORY CPACK_ERROR_ON_ABSOLUTE_INSTALL_DESTINATION CPACK_INCLUDE_TOPLEVEL_DIRECTORY CPACK_INSTALL_SCRIPT CPACK_PACKAGING_INSTALL_PREFIX CPACK_SET_DESTDIR CPACK_WARN_ON_ABSOLUTE_INSTALL_DESTINATION CTEST_BINARY_DIRECTORY CTEST_BUILD_COMMAND CTEST_BUILD_NAME CTEST_BZR_COMMAND CTEST_BZR_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_CHECKOUT_COMMAND CTEST_CONFIGURATION_TYPE CTEST_CONFIGURE_COMMAND CTEST_COVERAGE_COMMAND CTEST_COVERAGE_EXTRA_FLAGS CTEST_CURL_OPTIONS CTEST_CVS_CHECKOUT CTEST_CVS_COMMAND CTEST_CVS_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_DROP_LOCATION CTEST_DROP_METHOD CTEST_DROP_SITE CTEST_DROP_SITE_CDASH CTEST_DROP_SITE_PASSWORD CTEST_DROP_SITE_USER CTEST_GIT_COMMAND CTEST_GIT_UPDATE_CUSTOM CTEST_GIT_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_HG_COMMAND CTEST_HG_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND_OPTIONS CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_SANITIZER_OPTIONS CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_SUPPRESSIONS_FILE CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE CTEST_NIGHTLY_START_TIME CTEST_P4_CLIENT CTEST_P4_COMMAND CTEST_P4_OPTIONS CTEST_P4_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_SCP_COMMAND CTEST_SITE CTEST_SOURCE_DIRECTORY CTEST_SVN_COMMAND CTEST_SVN_OPTIONS CTEST_SVN_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_TEST_TIMEOUT CTEST_TRIGGER_SITE CTEST_UPDATE_COMMAND CTEST_UPDATE_OPTIONS CTEST_UPDATE_VERSION_ONLY CTEST_USE_LAUNCHERS CYGWIN ENV EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH MINGW MSVC MSVC10 MSVC11 MSVC12 MSVC14 MSVC60 MSVC70 MSVC71 MSVC80 MSVC90 MSVC_IDE MSVC_VERSION PROJECT_BINARY_DIR PROJECT_NAME PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR PROJECT_VERSION PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH PROJECT_VERSION_TWEAK UNIX WIN32 WINCE WINDOWS_PHONE WINDOWS_STORE XCODE_VERSION
七 深入学习cmake
cmake实践
mastering cmake
cmake的帮助文档
