Netty快速入门

什么是Netty

 Netty 是一个基于 JAVA NIO 类库的异步通信框架,它的架构特点是:异步非阻塞、基于事件驱动、高性能、高可靠性和高可定制性。

Netty应用场景

1.分布式开源框架中dubbo、Zookeeper,RocketMQ底层rpc通讯使用就是netty。

2.游戏开发中,底层使用netty通讯。

为什么选择netty

在本小节,我们总结下为什么不建议开发者直接使用JDK的NIO类库进行开发的原因:

1)      NIO的类库和API繁杂,使用麻烦,你需要熟练掌握Selector、ServerSocketChannel、SocketChannel、ByteBuffer等;

2)      需要具备其它的额外技能做铺垫,例如熟悉Java多线程编程,因为NIO编程涉及到Reactor模式,你必须对多线程和网路编程非常熟悉,才能编写出高质量的NIO程序;

3)      可靠性能力补齐,工作量和难度都非常大。例如客户端面临断连重连、网络闪断、半包读写、失败缓存、网络拥塞和异常码流的处理等等,NIO编程的特点是功能开发相对容易,但是可靠性能力补齐工作量和难度都非常大;

4)      JDK NIO的BUG,例如臭名昭著的epoll bug,它会导致Selector空轮询,最终导致CPU 100%。官方声称在JDK1.6版本的update18修复了该问题,但是直到JDK1.7版本该问题仍旧存在,只不过该bug发生概率降低了一些而已,它并没有被根本解决。该BUG以及与该BUG相关的问题单如下:

 

Netty服务器端

class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {

    
    /**
     * 通道关闭的时候触发
     */
    @Override
    public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelClosed");
    }

    /**
     * 必须是连接已经建立,关闭通道的时候才会触发.
     */
    @Override
    public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
    }

    /**
     * 捕获异常
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("exceptionCaught");

    }

    /**
     * 接受消息
     */
    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
//        System.out.println("messageReceived");
        System.out.println("服务器端收到客户端消息:"+e.getMessage());
        //回复内容
        ctx.getChannel().write("好的");
    }

}
// netty 服务器端
public class NettyServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建服务类对象
        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        // 创建两个线程池 分别为监听监听端口 ,nio监听
        ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        // 设置工程 并把两个线程池加入中
        serverBootstrap.setFactory(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boos, worker));
        // 设置管道工厂
        serverBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {

            public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
                //将数据转换为string类型.
                pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
                pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
                pipeline.addLast("serverHandler", new ServerHandler());
                return pipeline;
            }
        });
        // 绑定端口号
        serverBootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9090));
        System.out.println("netty server启动....");
    }


}
View Code

Netty客户端

package com.itmayiedu;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
class ClientHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {

    
    /**
     * 通道关闭的时候触发
     */
    @Override
    public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelClosed");
    }

    /**
     * 必须是连接已经建立,关闭通道的时候才会触发.
     */
    @Override
    public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
    }

    /**
     * 捕获异常
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("exceptionCaught");

    }

    /**
     * 接受消息
     */
    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
//        System.out.println("messageReceived");
        System.out.println("服务器端向客户端回复内容:"+e.getMessage());
        //回复内容
//        ctx.getChannel().write("好的");
    }

}
public class NettyClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("netty client启动...");
        // 创建客户端类
        ClientBootstrap clientBootstrap = new ClientBootstrap();
        // 线程池
        ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        clientBootstrap.setFactory(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(boos, worker));
        clientBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {

            public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
                // 将数据转换为string类型.
                pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
                pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
                pipeline.addLast("clientHandler", new ClientHandler());
                return pipeline;

            }
        });
        //连接服务端
        ChannelFuture connect = clientBootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9090));
        Channel channel = connect.getChannel();
        System.out.println("client start");
        Scanner scanner=    new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输输入内容...");
            channel.write(scanner.next());
        }
    }
    
    

}
View Code