分布式存储系统之Ceph集群启用Dashboard及使用Prometheus监控Ceph
MGR是一个高度模块化的组件，很多功能都可以通过启用或禁用模块来实现；其中Dashboard这个模块也被MGR所管理，默认情况下该模块并没有被启用；dashboard从字面意思就能知道该模块是提供一个面板；该面板能够显示ceph集群相关状态数据，比如有集群的健康状态、osd有多少个、存储池有多少个，mds、mgr等等相关组件的状态信息；
前文我们了解了Ceph之上的RadosGW基础使用相关话题，回顾请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/16768998.html；今天我们来聊一聊Ceph启用Dashboard和使用Prometheus监控Ceph相关话题；
MGR组件作用
Ceph在早些版本（L版之前）都是没有MGR这个组件的，L版之前，ceph集群相关监控数据都是靠mon节点完成，为了减轻mon节点的压力，ceph集群相关状态数据的功能在L版之后被独立出来，用MGR来负责，MGR主要作用是用于责跟踪运行时指标和Ceph集群的当前状态，包括存储利用率，当前性能指标和系统负载等，Ceph集群信息；
MGR是一个高度模块化的组件，很多功能都可以通过启用或禁用模块来实现；其中Dashboard这个模块也被MGR所管理，默认情况下该模块并没有被启用；dashboard从字面意思就能知道该模块是提供一个面板；该面板能够显示ceph集群相关状态数据，比如有集群的健康状态、osd有多少个、存储池有多少个，mds、mgr等等相关组件的状态信息；
Ceph mgr 模块管理
列出mgr全部模块
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr module ls
{
"enabled_modules": [
"balancer",
"crash",
"iostat",
"restful",
"status"
],
"disabled_modules": [
{
"name": "dashboard",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "hello",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "influx",
"can_run": false,
"error_string": "influxdb python module not found"
},
{
"name": "localpool",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "prometheus",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "selftest",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "smart",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "telegraf",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "telemetry",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
},
{
"name": "zabbix",
"can_run": true,
"error_string": ""
}
]
}
[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：ceph mgr module ls命令显示了集群启用的模块和禁用的模块信息；其中禁用模块中can_run值为true表示支持对应模块，但未启用；can_run值为false表示不支持对应模块，error_string的值就是用来描述为什么该模块不被支持；
Ceph mgr启用dashboard模块
提示：dashboard模块默认是以https向外展示ceph集群状态相关数据；这意味着我们需要向dashboard提供证书，对应服务才能正常使用；或者我们禁用dashboard的ssl功能，让其以http的方式对外提供服务；
禁用dashboard的ssl功能
ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/ssl false
提示：当然这种方式并不推荐；如果要使用ssl能够我们就必须给dashboard提供证书，具体步骤如下；
使用自签名证书
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph dashboard create-self-signed-cert Self-signed certificate created [root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：使用自签名证书，我们执行上述命令，对应ceph会自动生成一个自签名证书给dashboard进行使用；
使用自定义证书
生成证书
[root@ceph-admin ~]# openssl req -new -nodes -x509 -subj "/O=IT/CN=ceph-mgr-dashboard" -days 3650 -keyout dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt -extensions v3_ca Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .....................................................................................................+++ .............+++ writing new private key to 'dashboard.key' ----- [root@ceph-admin ~]# ls CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso client.abc.keyring client.libvirt-secret.xml dashboard.crt centos7.xml client.admin.cluster.keyring client.test.keyring dashboard.key ceph-deploy-ceph.log client.admin.keyring client.usera.keyring fsclient.key [root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：可以看到在当前目录生成了一个key文件和证书文件；
配置dashboard加载证书
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config-key set mgr mgr/dashboard/crt -i dashboard.crt set mgr [root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config-key set mgr mgr/dashboard/key -i dashboard.key set mgr [root@ceph-admin ~]#
配置dashboard监听的地址和端口
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/server_addr 0.0.0.0 [root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/server_port 8443 [root@ceph-admin ~]#
验证：查看mgr所在主机是否正常监听8443呢？
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: 7fd4a619-9767-4b46-9cee-78b9dfe88f34
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-mon01,ceph-mon02,ceph-mon03
mgr: ceph-mgr01(active), standbys: ceph-mon01, ceph-mgr02
mds: cephfs-2/2/2 up {0=ceph-mon01=up:active,1=ceph-mon02=up:active}, 1 up:standby-replay
osd: 10 osds: 10 up, 10 in
rgw: 2 daemons active
data:
pools: 12 pools, 480 pgs
objects: 515 objects, 847 MiB
usage: 13 GiB used, 887 GiB / 900 GiB avail
pgs: 480 active+clean
io:
client: 1.2 KiB/s rd, 2 op/s rd, 0 op/s wr
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ssh ceph-mgr01 'ss -tnlp|grep 8443'
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:8443 [::]:* users:(("ceph-mgr",pid=1091,fd=53))
[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：可以看到当前活动的mgr所在主机已经正常监听8443端口；
当然我们也可分别设置不同mgr监听不同ip地址和端口
ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/$name/server_addr $IP ceph config set mgr mgr/dashboard/$name/server_port $PORT
提示：我们只需将上述命令中$name更改成对应mgr实例的名称，把$IP、$PORT更改为对应ip地址和端口即可；
访问对应主机的8443端口，看看对应服务是否可用？
提示：可以看到现在访问mgr所在主机的8443端口，对应服务是可以正常通过https访问的；
当然我们可以使用ceph mgr servers来确认对应访问dashboard的url
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr services
{
"dashboard": "https://ceph-mgr01.ilinux.io:8443/"
}
[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：这里直接使用主机名的方式和对应监听端口组成的url，在客户端访问要确定对应客户端主机能够解析对应主机名；
重启Dashboard、
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr module disable dashboard [root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr module enable dashboard [root@ceph-admin ~]#
配置管理员认证信息
命令格式：ceph dashboard set-login-credentials <username> <password>
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph dashboard set-login-credentials admin admin Username and password updated [root@ceph-admin ~]#
验证：使用用户名为admin，密码为admin看看对应dashboard是否可登录？
提示：可以看到使用admin用户和admin密码是可以正常登录面板的；到此面板的启用就到此为止；简单说下这个面板吧，这个面板主要输出一些监控指标数据，比如像存储池，主机，rdb，cephfs等等信息，它可以让我们一目了然的了解ceph集群各组件状态，以及存储状态等等信息；就是一个监控面板，其他没有别的东西了；
使用Prometheus监控Ceph
Prometheus简介
Prometheus是一套用go语言研发的开源的系统监控报警框架；它启发于Google的borgmon监控系统，由工作在SoundCloud的Google前员工在2012年创建，作为社区开源项目进行开发，并于2015年正式发布；2016年，Prometheus正式加入CNCF（Cloud Native Computing Foundation），成为受欢迎度仅次于iKubernetes的项目；作为新一代的监控框架，Prometheus具有以下特点；
1、强大的多维度数据模型；
1.1、时间序列数据通过metric名和键值对来区分；
1.2、所有的metrics都可以设置任意的多维标签；
1.3、数据模型更随意，不需要刻意设置为以点分割的字符串；
1.4、可以对数据模型进行聚合，切割和切片操作；
1.5、持双精度浮点类型，标签可以设置为全unicode；
2、灵活而强大的查询语句（ProQL）：在同一个查询语句，可以对多个metrics进行乘法、加法、连接、取分数位等操作；
3、易于管理：Prometheus Server是一个单独的二进制文件，可直接在本地工作，不依赖于分布式存储；
4、高效：平均每个采样点仅占3.5bytes，且一个Prometheus server可以处理百万的metrics；
5、使用pull模式采集时间序列数据，这样不仅有利于本机测试而且可以避免有问题的服务器推送坏的metrics；
6、可以采用 push gateway的方式把时间序列数据推送至Prometheus server端；
7、可以通过服务器发现或者静态配置去获取监控的targets；有多种可视化图形界面；易于伸缩；
需要指出的是，由于数据采集可能会有丢失，所以Prometheus 不适合对采集数据要100%精准的情形；但如果用于记录时间序列数据，Prometheus具有很大的查询优势，此外，Prometheus 适用于微服务体系架构；
Prometheus架构图
prometheus server：主服务，接受外部http请求，收集、存储与查询数据等；
prometheus targets: 静态收集的目标服务数据；
service discovery：动态发现服务；
prometheus alerting：报警通知组件，用于处理告警信息；
pushgateway：数据收集代理服务器(类似于zabbix proxy)；
data visualization and export： 数据可视化与数据导出(访问客户端)
exporter：该组件主要作用是用来收集对应节点上的应用或主机指标数据的；不同应用有不同的export，比如，我们要收集mysql的指标数据，我们可以在对应mysql所在主机上部署mysql_exporter，我们要收集redis的指标数据，我们可以在对应主机上部署redis_exporter，要收集某个Linux节点主机的指标数据，我们可以部署node_exporter到对应主机；即我们要收集什么指标数据，部署对应的exporter即可；
部署二进制Prometheus server
下载Prometheus
[root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.37.1/prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
创建运行Prometheus Server进程的系统用户，并为其创建家目录/var/lib/prometheus作为数据存储目录
[root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# useradd -r -m -d /var/lib/prometheus prometheus [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# ll /var/lib/prometheus total 0 [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# ll /var/lib/prometheus -d drwx------ 2 prometheus prometheus 62 Oct 9 21:40 /var/lib/prometheus [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]#
解压Prometheus并做软连接
[root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# tar xf prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mgr02 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mgr02 local]# ls bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 sbin share src [root@ceph-mgr02 local]# ln -s prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 prometheus [root@ceph-mgr02 local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Oct 9 21:42 prometheus -> prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x 4 3434 3434 132 Sep 12 21:08 prometheus-2.37.1.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 11 2018 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src [root@ceph-mgr02 local]#
创建Prometheus专用的Unit File
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service [Unit] Description=The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database. Documentation=https://prometheus.io After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/prometheus User=prometheus ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus \ --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus \ --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml \ --web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090 \ --web.external-url= Restart=on-failure StartLimitInterval=1 RestartSec=3 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
启动Prometheus server
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl start prometheus
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus
● prometheus.service - The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 21:46:09 CST; 4s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io
Main PID: 2258 (prometheus)
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─2258 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometh...
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:536 level=info compo…6.545µs
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:542 level=info compo...hile"
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=0
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.691Z caller=head.go:619 level=info compo…6.765µs
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.692Z caller=main.go:993 level=info fs_ty...MAGIC
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.692Z caller=main.go:996 level=info msg="...rted"
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.692Z caller=main.go:1177 level=info msg=...s.yml
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.693Z caller=main.go:1214 level=info msg="Comp…µs
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.693Z caller=main.go:957 level=info msg="...sts."
Oct 09 21:46:09 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2258]: ts=2022-10-09T13:46:09.693Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info co...r..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
提示：Prometheus默认监听在tcp9090端口；使用systemd的方式启动Prometheus，如果没有报错，对应端口又处于监听状态说明Prometheus server就搭建好了；
部署node_exporter 收集ceph-mon01主机上的指标数据，以测试Prometheus 服务是否正常可用
[root@ceph-mon01 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.4.0/node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
创建运行node_exporter进程的系统用户，并为其创建家目录/var/lib/prometheus作为数据存储目录
[root@ceph-mon01 ~]# useradd -r -m -d /var/lib/prometheus prometheus [root@ceph-mon01 ~]# ll /var/lib/prometheus/ -d drwx------ 2 prometheus prometheus 62 Oct 9 21:51 /var/lib/prometheus/ [root@ceph-mon01 ~]#
解压压缩包并做软连接
[root@ceph-mon01 ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mon01 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@ceph-mon01 local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434 56 Sep 26 20:39 node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 11 2018 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src [root@ceph-mon01 local]# ln -s node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 node_exporter [root@ceph-mon01 local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Oct 9 21:52 node_exporter -> node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434 56 Sep 26 20:39 node_exporter-1.4.0.linux-amd64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 11 2018 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src [root@ceph-mon01 local]#
创建Unit File
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service [Unit] Description=Prometheus exporter for machine metrics, written in Go with pluggable metric collectors. Documentation=https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/node_exporter User=prometheus ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter \ $NODE_EXPORTER_OPTS Restart=on-failure StartLimitInterval=1 RestartSec=3 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@ceph-mon01 local]#
启动node_exporter
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# systemctl start node_exporter
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# systemctl status node_exporter.service
● node_exporter.service - Prometheus exporter for machine metrics, written in Go with pluggable metric collectors.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 21:58:12 CST; 6s ago
Docs: https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
Main PID: 3247 (node_exporter)
CGroup: /system.slice/node_exporter.service
└─3247 /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...zone
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...time
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...imex
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...eues
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...name
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...stat
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...=xfs
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:115 level...=zfs
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=node_exporter.go:199 level...9100
Oct 09 21:58:12 ceph-mon01.ilinux.io node_exporter[3247]: ts=2022-10-09T13:58:12.121Z caller=tls_config.go:195 level=in...alse
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mon01 local]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6804 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:7480 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6789 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.71:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.71:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9100 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mon01 local]#
提示：node_exporter默认监听在tcp的9100，通过这个端口加/metrics可以输出对应采集到的指标数据；
验证，访问ceph-mon01的9100，看看对应指标数据是否采集到了？
提示：可以看到访问192.168.0.71:9100/metrics能够输出很多指标数据，说明node_exproter部署没有问题；
将node_exporter的指标数据导入Prometheus server
在导入node_exporter的指标数据之前，我们先来了解下Prometheus 配置文件
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml
# my global config
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
# - alertmanager:9093
# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"
# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
- job_name: "prometheus"
# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
# scheme defaults to 'http'.
static_configs:
- targets: ["localhost:9090"]
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
提示：Prometheus 配置文件主要由global、rule_files、scrape_configs、alerting、remote_write和remote_read几个配置段组成；global：全局配置段；scrape_configs：scrape配置集合，用于定义监控的目标对象（target）的集合，以及描述如何抓取（scrape）相关指标数据的配置参数；通常，每个scrape配置对应于一个单独的作业（job），而每个targets可通过静态配置（static_configs）直接给出定义，也可基于Prometheus支持的服务发现机制进行自动配置；alertmanager_configs：可由Prometheus使⽤的Alertmanager实例的集合，以及如何同这些Alertmanager交互的配置参数；每个Alertmanager可通过静态配置（static_configs）直接给出定义，也可基于Prometheus⽀持的服务发现机制进行自动配置；remote_write：配置“远程写”机制，Prometheus需要将数据保存于外部的存储系统（例如InfluxDB）时定义此配置段，随后Prometheus将样本数据通过HTTP协议发送给由URL指定适配器(Adaptor)；remote_read：配置“远程读”机制，Prometheus将接收到的查询请求交给由URL指定适配器Adpater）执行，Adapter将请求条件转换为远程存储服务中的查询请求，并将获取的响应数据转换为Prometheus可用的格式；
常用的全局配置参数
global: # How frequently to scrape targets by default. [ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ] # How long until a scrape request times out. [ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s ] # How frequently to evaluate rules. [ evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ] # The labels to add to any time series or alerts when communicating with # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager). external_labels: [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ] # Rule files specifies a list of globs. Rules and alerts are read from # all matching files. rule_files: [ - <filepath_glob> ... ] # A list of scrape configurations. scrape_configs: [ - <scrape_config> ... ] # Alerting specifies settings related to the Alertmanager. alerting: alert_relabel_configs: [ - <relabel_config> ... ] alertmanagers: [ - <alertmanager_config> ... ] # Settings related to the remote write feature. remote_write: [ - <remote_write> ... ] # Settings related to the remote read feature. remote_read: [ - <remote_read> ... ]
scrape配置段中，使用static_configs配置Job的语法格式
# The targets specified by the static config. targets: [ - '<host>' ] # Labels assigned to all metrics scraped from the targets. labels: [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ]
使用file_sd_configs配置Job的语法格式
[
{
"targets": [ "<host>", ... ],
"labels": {
"<labelname>": "<labelvalue>", ...
}
},
...
]
将node_exporter指标数据纳入Prometheus server中
提示：默认node_exporter是以/metrics输出指标数据，如果需要修改了输出路径，需要在prometheus配置文件中用metrics_path来指定其路径；
重启Prometheus server
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service
● prometheus.service - The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 22:20:41 CST; 9s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io
Main PID: 2344 (prometheus)
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─2344 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometh...
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.163Z caller=head.go:542 level=info compo...hile"
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.179Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=1
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.179Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=1
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.179Z caller=head.go:619 level=info compo…19721ms
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.180Z caller=main.go:993 level=info fs_ty...MAGIC
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.180Z caller=main.go:996 level=info msg="...rted"
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.180Z caller=main.go:1177 level=info msg=...s.yml
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.181Z caller=main.go:1214 level=info msg="Comp…µs
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.181Z caller=main.go:957 level=info msg="...sts."
Oct 09 22:20:41 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2344]: ts=2022-10-09T14:20:41.181Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info co...r..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
访问Prometheus server所在主机的9090端口
提示：可以看到访问Prometheus 所在主机的9090端口，对应能够查到node_exporter采集到数据；说明Prometheus server和node_exporter是部署是没有问题；
Ceph mgr启用Prometheus模块
Ceph Manager内置了众多模块，包括prometheus模块，用于直接输出Prometheus⻛格的指标数据。
提示：Prometheus模块默认监听于TCP协议的9283端口；这里需要说明一下，ceph只要启用了Prometheus模块以后，只要运行的有mgr的节点，对应都会监听9283端口；
验证：查看mgr运行主机是否监听9283端口？对应端口是否可访问？
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph mgr services
{
"dashboard": "https://0.0.0.0:8443/",
"prometheus": "http://ceph-mgr01.ilinux.io:9283/"
}
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ssh ceph-mgr01 'ss -tnl'
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.74:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.74:6804 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:9283 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
[root@ceph-admin ~]# curl http://ceph-mgr01.ilinux.io:9283/
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Ceph Exporter</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Ceph Exporter</h1>
<p><a href='/metrics'>Metrics</a></p>
</body>
</html>[root@ceph-admin ~]#
提示：可以看到对应ceph-mgr01的9283是处于监听状体，并且也是可以正常访问的；
将ceph exporter纳入Prometheus server中去
重启Prometheus server
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service
● prometheus.service - The Prometheus 2 monitoring system and time series database.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-09 22:37:16 CST; 5s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io
Main PID: 2481 (prometheus)
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─2481 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometh...
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.347Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=2
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.387Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=2
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.393Z caller=head.go:613 level=info compo...ent=2
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.393Z caller=head.go:619 level=info compo…77763ms
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.394Z caller=main.go:993 level=info fs_ty...MAGIC
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.394Z caller=main.go:996 level=info msg="...rted"
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.394Z caller=main.go:1177 level=info msg=...s.yml
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.395Z caller=main.go:1214 level=info msg="Comp…µs
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.395Z caller=main.go:957 level=info msg="...sts."
Oct 09 22:37:16 ceph-mgr02.ilinux.io prometheus[2481]: ts=2022-10-09T14:37:16.395Z caller=manager.go:941 level=info co...r..."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:9283 [::]:*
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
访问Prometheus server的9090端口，看看对应ceph exporter的指标数据是否已经有了？
提示：可以看到现在访问prometheus server 的9090端口多了许多以ceph开头的指标，说明ceph exporter已经将数据发送给Prometheus server；
部署Grafana展示ceph 指标数据
创建grafana的仓库配置文件
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/grafana.repo [grafana] name=grafana baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/grafana/yum/rpm repo_gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
安装grafana
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# yum install grafana -y
启动grafana
[root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# systemctl start grafana-server.service [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6800 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6800 *:* LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6801 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6801 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6802 *:* LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6802 *:* LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.75:6803 *:* LISTEN 0 128 172.16.30.75:6803 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 5 *:8443 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:3000 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:9090 [::]:* LISTEN 0 5 [::]:9283 [::]:* [root@ceph-mgr02 prometheus]#
提示：grafana默认监听在tcp的3000端口，如果启动没有报错，对应3000端口处于监听，说明grafana就启动起来了；
访问grafana所在主机的3000端口配置grafana
提示：grafana的默认用户名是admin，密码也是admin；第一进入要求更改密码，当然我这里测试不更改也行；不影响使用；
添加Prometheus数据源
提示：这里只需要填写Prometheus server的地址即可；如果Prometheus开启了认证，对应认证信息也是需要填写的；
导入Prometheus摸板
提示：这个模板是展示Prometheus的一个专用面板，当然我们也可以自己定义展示那些数据；
下载ceph模板：https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/7056-ceph-cluster/；
导入ceph模板
ok，基于Prometheus监控ceph的测试就到此为止；
