Linux系统自动化安装之pxe实现
1、PXE是什么?
pxe是Preboot Excution Environment的缩写,是intel公司研发,基于client/server的网络模式,支持远程主机通过网络从远端服务器下载镜,并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统的预启动执行环境。
2、PXE的工作原理
它的工作流程是这样的:
1、客户端向PXE 服务器上的DHCP发送ip地址请求消息,DHCP检测到客户端是否合法(主要是检测客户端的网卡MAC地址)如果合法则返回客户端的ip地址,同时将启动文件pxelinx.0位置信息一并传给客户端;
2、客户端拿到IP地址和存放启动文件服务器(tftp服务器)地址后,它就会用向tftp服务器发送获取pxelinux.0的请求消息,tftp服务器接收到消息后,再向客户端发送pxelinux.0文件的大小,试探客户端是否满意,当tftp接收到客户端发回的同意大小信息后,tftp服务器就正式向客户端发送pxelinux.0文件;
3、客户端收到tftp发送过来的pxelinux.0文件后,客户端会再向tftp服务器发送针对本机的配置信息文件(在TFTP服务器的pxelinux.cfg目录下),TFTP服务器将配置文件发送给客户端后,继而客户端根据配置文件执行后续的操作;
4、客户端向TFTP服务器发送请求Linux内核信息,tftp接收到消息后将内核文件发送给客户端,客户端接收到内核文件后,又向tftp发送获取根文件请求的信息,当tftp服务器收到根文件请求信息后,就把根文件发送给客户端;
5、客户端此时有了Linux内核文件和根文件后,客户端尝试启动Linux内核;
6、客户端下载安装源文件,读取自动化安装脚本(ks.cfg)
从上面的流程我们可以知道,我们首先要配置好DHCP服务器,TFTP服务器,然后准备必要的启动文件,和配置文件,以及自动安装脚本。
DHCP服务器的搭建,以及配置
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: dhcp-common = 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos for package: 12:dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos will be updated --> Processing Dependency: dhcp-common = 12:4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos for package: 12:dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 ---> Package dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos will be updated ---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: dhcp x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos updates 824 k Updating for dependencies: dhclient x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos updates 323 k dhcp-common x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos updates 145 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 2 Package(s) Total download size: 1.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/3): dhclient-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 323 kB 00:00 (2/3): dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 824 kB 00:00 (3/3): dhcp-common-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 145 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.0 MB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE: Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org> Package: centos-release-6-9.el6.12.3.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201703281317.x86_64/6.9) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 Is this ok [y/N]: y Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 1/5 Installing : 12:dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 2/5 Updating : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 3/5 Cleanup : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 4/5 Cleanup : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : 12:dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 5/5 Installed: dhcp.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos Dependency Updated: dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos Complete!
说明:dhcp实现的软件有dhcp和dnsmasq两个软件,我们这用的DHCP,yum安装DHCP服务器包后,我们再来写配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf cp: overwrite `/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf'? y
说明:我们打开/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf,里面内容是注释,它告诉我们参照/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample文件来配置,于是乎我们就干脆把模板文件复制到/etc/dhcp/下并命名为dhcpd.conf,接下来在修改即可
# DHCP server to understand the network topology. subnet 172.16.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 172.16.56.100 172.16.56.200; option routers 172.16.56.5; option domain-name-servers 172.16.56.5; filename "pxelinux.0"; next-server 172.16.56.5; }
说明:我们要在配置文件中配置好dhcp分配的地址池(这个地址池必须要和主机在同一网段) ,网关,dns等,最重要的还要配置好TFTP服务器的地址,和引导系统的文件名称pxelinux.0,这样客户端才能够知道tftp服务器的地址和tftp上的那个文件是引导文件。range 后面跟地址池范围,option routers 指定网关,option domain-name-servers 指定dns地址 ,filename指定启动引导文件的名字,next-server 指定TFTP服务器地址。这里需要注意的是每行结束都需要有分号。当然我们可以用 service dhcpd configtest 来测试我们的配置文件是否存在语法错误。
接着我们配置好DHCP服务器后,就可以启动DHCP服务了
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start Starting dhcpd: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]# ss -uln State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:67 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:* UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:737 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:55660 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:111 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:631 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:679 *:* UNCONN 0 0 :::111 :::* UNCONN 0 0 :::49813 :::* UNCONN 0 0 :::679 :::* [root@localhost ~]#
说明:我们可以看到udp的67、68端口已经起来了,说明我们的DHCP服务器已经正常启动。
测试DHCP服务是否正常,客户端是否能够顺利拿到地址,在同一局域网里另外拿一台主机,在上面用dhclient 工具来拿地址
[root@host_A ~]# dhclient -d Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.1.1-P1 Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:47:f6:ed Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:47:f6:ed Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x758b581e) DHCPACK from 172.16.56.5 (xid=0x758b581e) bound to 172.16.56.100 -- renewal in 282 seconds.
说明:我们可以看到客户端已经拿到了地址,当然我们也可以在服务端看到那些地址是分配出去了,分配给谁,租期是好久等信息。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases # The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page. # This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-4.1.1-P1 server-duid "\000\001\000\001%Q\205x\000\014)\350\366{"; lease 172.16.56.100 { starts 0 2019/11/03 12:34:19; ends 0 2019/11/03 12:44:19; cltt 0 2019/11/03 12:34:19; binding state active; next binding state free; hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:47:f6:ed; } [root@localhost ~]#
说明:在DHCP服务器的/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 文件中记录了服务器分配出去的地址,客户端的MAC 租期等信息。到此我们DHCP服务器的搭建就完成了。
接下来我们在来搭建tftp服务器。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tftp Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package tftp.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================= Installing: tftp x86_64 0.49-8.el6 mybase 32 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 32 k Installed size: 45 k Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : tftp-0.49-8.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : tftp-0.49-8.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: tftp.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6 Complete! [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tftp-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.14-40.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================= Installing: tftp-server x86_64 0.49-8.el6 mybase 39 k Installing for dependencies: xinetd x86_64 2:2.3.14-40.el6 mybase 122 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================= Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 161 k Installed size: 317 k Downloading Packages: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 6.0 MB/s | 161 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.14-40.el6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 2:xinetd-2.3.14-40.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: tftp-server.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6 Dependency Installed: xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.14-40.el6 Complete! [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
说明:TFTP服务器就只需要安装tftp-server这个包就可以了,tftp这个包是客户端工具,方便测试。我们装好TFTP可以用rpm -ql tftp-server命令来查看,这个包到底安装了些什么文件,装在什么地方去了
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -ql tftp-server /etc/xinetd.d/tftp /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/CHANGES /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/README /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/README.security /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/README.security.tftpboot /usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz /var/lib/tftpboot [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
说明:/etc/xined.d/tftp 这个就是tftp的配置文件,因为tftp不是独立的守护进程,它是瞬时守护进程,有超级守护进程xinetd管理,所以它的配置文件在xinetd.d目录下;/usr/sbin/in.tftpd 这个文件就是tftp二进制主程序;/var/lib/tftpboot 这个目录就是tftp服务器的工作目录,我们上传下载的文件都是放在这个目录下
启动tftp服务器
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig tftp on [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list tftp tftp on [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart Stopping xinetd: [FAILED] Starting xinetd: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]# ss -nul State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:67 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:69 *:* UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:737 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:55660 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:111 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:631 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:679 *:* UNCONN 0 0 :::111 :::* UNCONN 0 0 :::49813 :::* UNCONN 0 0 :::679 :::* [root@localhost ~]#
说明:TFTP默认工作在udp的69号端口,可以看到69号端口已经启动。
测试:我们在TFTP服务器上放一些文件,看能不能下载下来,如果能,这我们的tftp服务器就搭建的没有问题
[root@localhost tmp]# echo "this is test file" >> f1 [root@localhost tmp]# ls f1 [root@localhost tmp]# cp f1 /var/lib/tftpboot/ [root@localhost tmp]# ll /var/lib/tftpboot/ total 8 -rw-------. 1 root root 1591 Nov 3 21:06 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Nov 3 21:09 f1 [root@localhost tmp]# cd [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Documents install.log Music Public Videos Desktop Downloads install.log.syslog Pictures Templates [root@localhost ~]# tftp 172.16.56.5 tftp> get f1 tftp> q [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Documents f1 install.log.syslog Pictures Templates Desktop Downloads install.log Music Public Videos [root@localhost ~]# cat f1 this is test file [root@localhost ~]#
说明:我们搭建的TFTP服务器器能够下载文件,至此TFTP服务器就搭建完毕。
接下来我们还需要搭建一个基于HTTP的网络yum仓库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Package httpd-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName [ OK ] [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /var/www/html/ [root@localhost html]# ls [root@localhost html]# mkdir centos/6/os/x86_64 -pv mkdir: created directory `centos' mkdir: created directory `centos/6' mkdir: created directory `centos/6/os' mkdir: created directory `centos/6/os/x86_64' [root@localhost html]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@localhost html]# ls centos/6/os/x86_64/ CentOS_BuildTag isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 EFI Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 EULA RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 GPL repodata TRANS.TBL images RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 [root@localhost html]#
说明:yum仓库的搭建请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/11487456.html 这里不作过多解释
system-config-kickstart图形工具生成kickstart应答文件ks.cfg
1、先安装system-config-kickstart
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y system-config-kickstart
2、在图形界面打开一个终端输入system-config-kickstart启动system-config-kickstart编辑器
说明:上图是基本配置页面,里面可以指定系统的语言,键盘布局,时区的设定,root密码,安装平台,安装后是否重启,以什么模式安装。
说明:上图是安装方法的配置,可以配置系统是新装还是更新,安装源,就是我们镜像存放的位置。
说明:上图是bootloader选项配置,在此页面可以配置bootloader安装类型,grub口令,boot loader安装在那个位置,还可以写内核参数。
说明:上图是分区信息配置,在此页面可以配置清除原有MBR,是否清除原有的分区信息,是否初始化磁盘标签,以及分区策略,以及raid的配置
说明:此页面是网络配置页面
说明:此页面是认证方法的配置,一般我们不该它的默认配置,它默认配置是本地验证,也就是用/etc/passwd文件里的内容来验证,当然也可以根据自己的实际情况去配置,可以支持ldap,nis等验证
说明:此页面是防火墙和selinux配置页面
说明:此页面是显示配置,可以配置是否安装图形环境,是否第一次启动时初始化
说明:以上页面上包的选择配置页面,我们需要装什么包就在里面打对勾就好
说明:此页面是我们写安装前的脚本,我们希望系统安装前需要干什么事可以用脚本的方式告诉它
说明:此页面是定制安装后需要跑的脚本内容,如上,我们写了一个yum仓库的配置,系统安装后自动就会有此仓库配置
配置好以上后我们找到文件按钮,然后点击里面的save ,然后选择位置,就可以把我们之前的选项生成一个kictstart文件
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat ks.cfg #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://172.16.56.5/centos/6/os/x86_64" # Root password rootpw --plaintext admin # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Installation logging level logging --level=info # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone Africa/Abidjan # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --password="admin" # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /home --fstype="ext4" --size=10240 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048 part / --fstype="ext4" --size=40960 part /data --fstype="ext4" --size=20480 part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500 %post mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak_repo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak_repo cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo<< EOF [mybase] name=mybase baseurl=http://172.16.56.5/centos/6/os/x86_64 gpgcheck=0 EOF %end %packages @base %end
至此我们用system-config-kickstart工具就制作好了我们的应答文件。
准备启动相关文件
[root@localhost tftpboot]# yum install -y syslinux Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: syslinux-nonlinux for package: syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================= Installing: syslinux x86_64 4.04-3.el6 mybase 346 k Installing for dependencies: syslinux-nonlinux noarch 4.04-3.el6 mybase 584 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================= Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 929 k Installed size: 2.2 M Downloading Packages: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 26 MB/s | 929 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch 1/2 Installing : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch 2/2 Installed: syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6 Dependency Installed: syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6 Complete! [root@localhost tftpboot]# find / -name pxelinux.0 /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 [root@localhost tftpboot]#
说明:在centos7我需要安装syslinux这个包,因为这个包里有我们需要的pxelinux.0这个文件,而在centos6上需要安装syslinux-nolinux这个包,当然在centos6上安装syslinux这个包,默认会把它依赖的syslinux-nolinux这个包给安装上。所以我们在centos6上安装syslinux也是可以的,只不过我们要用find命令去查找才能知道pxelinux.0这个文件的具体位置,rpm -ql syslinux里是查不到的。当然我们推荐还是只装syslinux-nolinux这个包就好了。
[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg [root@localhost tftpboot]# pwd /var/lib/tftpboot [root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 . [root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} . [root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/{boot.msg,vesamenu.c32,splash.jpg} . [root@localhost tftpboot]# tree . ├── boot.msg ├── initrd.img ├── pxelinux.0 ├── pxelinux.cfg ├── splash.jpg ├── vesamenu.c32 └── vmlinuz 1 directory, 6 files [root@localhost tftpboot]#
说明:我们需要vmlinuz(压缩的内核文件),initrd.img(根文件,存放系统启动需要挂载的驱动),pxelinux.0(系统引导文件,作用类似bootloader),boot.msg,vesamenu.c32,splash.jpg(这个图片就是我们装系统时选择怎么安装后面那个背景图片)
准备启动菜单文件
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default [root@localhost tftpboot]# cat pxelinux.cfg/default default vesamenu.c32 #prompt 1 timeout 60 display boot.msg menu background splash.jpg menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.9! menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000 label auto menu label ^Auto install an system menu default kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://172.16.56.5/centos/6/ks/centos6.cfg label local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xffff [root@localhost tftpboot]#
说明:启动菜单在光盘的ioslinux目录下就有一个isolinux.cfg文件,这个文件定义了启动菜单内容,和ks自动安装脚本的位置。
测试
新建一个虚拟机,把网络和pxe服务器设置在同一局域网里,然后打开电源
说明:启动虚拟机时,寻找DHCP服务器
说明:找到DHCP服务器后,显示我们之前定制的菜单
说明:加载vmlinuz和initrd.img文件
说明:自动安装我们选择需要装的包
说明:系统自动安装完毕,自动重启后,登录系统的界面。至此pxe自动安装系统环境我们就搭建完毕。
以上是用pxe安装centos6系统,接下来我们再说说安装centos7系统
pxe安装centos7系统和安装centos6系统流程和工作过程都是一样的
第一步安装系统所需要的包,并把相应的服务设置为开机启动
yum install httpd dhcp tftp-server syslinux -y systemctl enable httpd dhcpd tftp
说明:若pxe服务器是centos7用以上命令
yum install httpd dhcp tftp-server syslinux -y chkconfig httpd on chkconfig dhcpd on chkconfig tftp on
说明:若pxe服务器上centos6用以上命令
第二步准备好yum源,并启动httpd服务
mkdir /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ -p mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ /etc/init.d/httpd start
说明:在新加的光驱,要让系统识别,我们要用 echo '- - -' > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan(有的机子上是host0)命令更新一下,不然lsblk看不到对应的设备,也就无法挂载
第三步配置好dhcp服务器,启动dhcpd,tftp服务,这个和上面有一样,这里就不再罗嗦
第四步准备ks文件,并放到yum仓库中
mkdir /var/www/html/centos/7/ks -p cp centos7.cfg /var/www/html/centos/7/ks/
说明:制作做ks文件可以参照centos6上的做法,若pxe服务器是centos7 要注意一点的是在我们选择选择包的界面有可能出现的是空白页面无法选择,若出现这种问题,我们需要把自己的yum源名字改成development就可以了,其他步骤同centos6一样
第五步准备相应的文件
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/ cp /usr/share/syslinux/{menu.c32,pxelinux.0} /var/lib/tftpboot/ cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ioslinux.cfg/{vmlinuxz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/ cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ioslinux.cfg/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
第六步准备启动菜单
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default default menu.c32 timeout 100 menu title PXE Install CentOS label mini menu label ^Auto Install Mini CentOS 7 kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.0.218/centos/7/ks/centos7.cfg
至此pxe服务器自动安装centos7就搭建好了。测试和上面centos6是一样的,这里就不多阐述。