Linux系统之rpm仓库搭建
1.rpm是什么？在帮助文档里我们可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的缩写， 从名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一个包管理工具。简单说rpm包就是把一些程序编译成二进制，和一些配置文件以及帮助文档等一些程序所依赖库打包在一起，这样形成的一个包。rpm大大的简化用户在Linux上安装软件的复杂度。
一、概念
1.rpm是什么？在帮助文档里我们可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的缩写， 从名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一个包管理工具。简单说rpm包就是把一些程序编译成二进制，和一些配置文件以及帮助文档等一些程序所依赖库打包在一起，这样形成的一个包。rpm大大的简化用户在Linux上安装软件的复杂度。
2.rpm仓库是什么？从字面理解,仓库就是集中存放东西的地方，同样rpm仓库就是集中存放rpm包的一个地方。这里说的‘地方’就是服务器。把很多rpm包放在一个特定的服务器的特定目录里， 再由比如http、nfs、ftp、file这些协议是用来提供给其他服务器下载rpm包的服务器，我们把这样的服务器称为rpm仓库服务器。
3.yum是什么？yum是Yellowdog Updater Modified 的缩写，翻译过来就是Yellowdog 更新修改，完全没有搞懂这个翻译到底是什么意思，查下百度百科吧！yum是一个在Fedora、Redhat以及CentOS中的shell前端软件包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能够从指定的服务器自下载rpm包并且安装，可以自动处理包依赖关系，并且能够一次安装所有所依赖的软件包，无需频繁的一次次下载安装。看了百度的解释，我们应该知道yum是什么了吧！简单说就是基于rpm包的前端管理工具，它可以帮我们解决包与包的依赖关系。
4.yum的工作机制。yum是c/s架构的工作机制，服务端提供rpm仓库，客户端根据服务端提供的仓库，通过特定协议去服务端下载所需要的包来进行安装。第一次去服务端，它会把服务端的仓库元数据缓存到本地，这样就不需要每次下载都去服务端查询。所谓仓库的元数据就是记录着该仓库有哪些包，包名，包与包的依赖关系等一些数据。每次要装包的时候，yum会去看看本地缓存的元数据，有没有需要的包的信息，如果有，他们会把相应的包以及所依赖的包一并去服务端下载下来，一并安装。
二、仓库的搭建
了解了以上的基本概念，下面我们开始来搭建rpm仓库吧
1.创建目录结构
[root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /rpm/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
mkdir: created directory `/rpm'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64'
说明：本次实验是在centos6或centos7平台架构是x86_64的系统上来创建的目录
2.上传包
[root@test ~]$cd /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ [root@test x86_64]$pwd /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64 [root@test x86_64]$mv /root/samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm /root/vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm . [root@test x86_64]$cd ../../../7/os/x86_64/ [root@test x86_64]$pwd /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64 [root@test x86_64]$mv /root/tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm /root/samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm .
说明： 上传了4个包，在/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ 放了samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm和vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm两个包，在/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64放了samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm和tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm两个包，本人先是把包传到服务器，然后移动到相应的目录里。
3.创建元数据
首先要检查自己的服务器有没有装createrepo这个工具
[root@test x86_64]$rpm -q createrepo package createrepo is not installed
如果没有就安装
[root@test x86_64]$yum install -y createrepo
创建仓库元数据
[root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/ Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ total 5368 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 5331428 Sep 8 16:02 samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 159332 Sep 8 16:02 vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/ total 732 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 647996 Sep 8 16:04 samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 91820 Sep 8 16:04 tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm
说明：可以看到在两个仓库下各自生成了一个repodata的目录，这里说一下，要确定仓库的路径就是要看repodata这个目录的父目录是什么，repodata目录所在的父目录就是仓库的路径。
4.在客户端编写repo配置文件
[root@test ~]$cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@test yum.repos.d]$ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo [root@test yum.repos.d]$mkdir repo_bak [root@test yum.repos.d]$mv *.repo repo_bak [root@test yum.repos.d]$ls repo_bak
说明：本人采用的是客户端服务端在同一台设备上，为了不受其他repo配置文件的干扰，我们把以前的repo文件全部移动到另外一个备份目录里，然后在/etc/yum.repo.d/ 下创建一个repo文件。
[my_base] name=this is test repo baseurl=file:///rpm/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch gpgcheck=0
说明：创建一个.repo的文件，将以上内容添加到该文件，解释一下这个文件的内容，第一个中括号里表示仓库的名字，通常这个名字可以顺便起，一般不建议里面带空格，name=表示仓库的简要说明，baseurl= 表示仓库的路径，也就是repodata所在的目录的父目录，gpgcheck=0表示不检查包的gpg验证，若gpgcheck=1表示要验证。添加以上内容我们客户端就可以根据以上定义的baseurl去服务器仓库里找相应的包。
5.在客户端清除yum缓存，查看仓库列表
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Cleaning repos: my_base Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Determining fastest mirrors my_base | 2.9 kB 00:00 ... my_base/primary_db | 6.0 kB 00:00 ... repo id repo name status my_base this is test repo 2 repolist: 2
说明：可以看到我们刚才配置的仓库信息，repo id 就是我们刚才在repo文件中写的，也可看到里面有2个包。看到以上信息就表示rpm仓库在客户端上的配置成功了。
6.装包验证
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install vsftpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing: vsftpd x86_64 2.2.2-24.el6 my_base 156 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 156 k Installed size: 340 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6 Complete!
说明：本人以两个包作为例子来演示搭建rpm的过程，可能装这个包还有其他依赖包，但是仓库里面没有其他依赖，可能会出现报错的情况。
以上就是本地搭建repo仓库的过程。
下面我再说下如何搭建网络rpm仓库
1.先安装httpd web服务器
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install httpd -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.7 kB 00:00 base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00 epel | 5.3 kB 00:00 epel/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.2.15-69.el6.centos base 836 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 836 k Installed size: 3.0 M Downloading Packages: httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 836 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos Complete!
说明：httpd默认工作路径在/var/www/html/ 下，也就是放html网页代码的地方。
2.在httpd 的工作路径下 创建目录结构
[root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64'
3.挂载安装光盘到相应的位置
[root@test ~]$mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
说明：我这里只挂载了centos6的一个安装光盘，centos7下面的目录也可以使用同样的方式挂载centos7的安装光盘，这里用centos6作为演示。这里还要说一下安装光盘本身就有repodata目录，我们这里就不需要再创建元数据信息。
4.开启httpd
[root@test ~]$/etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for test
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]
5.客户端配置repo文件
[my_base] name=this is test repo baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch gpgcheck=0
说明：这里只需要把仓库的路径改成以http的协议方式去获取，当然为了不受其他yum源的影响，本次实验我们也要把其他的repo文件放在一个备份目录。
6.客户端清除yum缓存，并查看仓库列表
[root@test x86_64]$yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Cleaning repos: my_base Cleaning up Everything [root@test x86_64]$yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Determining fastest mirrors my_base | 4.0 kB 00:00 my_base/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:00 repo id repo name status my_base this is test repo 6,575 repolist: 6,575
说明：可以看到刚才搭建的仓库成功的出现在仓库列表中了。
7.安装一个包，验证仓库
[root@test ~]$yum install java -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless = 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2014f-1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 ---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6 will be installed ---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 will be installed ---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 will be installed ---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 188 k Installing for dependencies: giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 my_base 37 k java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 32 M jpackage-utils noarch 1.7.5-3.14.el6 my_base 60 k libXfont x86_64 1.4.5-4.el6_6 my_base 137 k libfontenc x86_64 1.0.5-2.el6 my_base 24 k ttmkfdir x86_64 3.0.9-32.1.el6 my_base 43 k tzdata-java noarch 2015e-1.el6 my_base 176 k xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 my_base 75 k xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 noarch 7.2-11.el6 my_base 520 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================================================================================== Install 10 Package(s) Total download size: 33 M Installed size: 104 M Downloading Packages: (1/10): ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00 (2/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 188 kB 00:00 (3/10): jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch.rpm | 60 kB 00:00 (4/10): tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 176 kB 00:00 (5/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:00 (6/10): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 75 kB 00:00 (7/10): libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 137 kB 00:00 (8/10): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch.rpm | 520 kB 00:00 (9/10): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00 (10/10): libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 33 MB/s | 33 MB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 1/10 Installing : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 2/10 Installing : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 3/10 Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 4/10 Installing : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 5/10 Installing : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 6/10 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 7/10 Installing : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 8/10 Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 9/10 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 10/10 Verifying : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 1/10 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 2/10 Verifying : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 3/10 Verifying : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 4/10 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 5/10 Verifying : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 6/10 Verifying : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 7/10 Verifying : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 8/10 Verifying : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 9/10 Verifying : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 10/10 Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 Dependency Installed: giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6 libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 Complete!
到此网络rpm仓库就搭建完毕！！
作者：Linux-1874
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