Delphi(lazarus) TStringHelper用法详解
Delphi XE4的TStringHelper，对操作字符串进一步带来更多的方法，使用这些方法才可以实现跨平台的代码。
Delphi引用单元:
System.SysUtils.TStringHelper
Lazarus引用单元:
SysUtils
System.SysUtils.TStringHelper
Lazarus引用单元:
SysUtils
大小写转换:
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function ToLower: string;
function ToLower(LocaleID: TLocaleID): string;
function ToLowerInvariant: string;
function ToUpper: string;
function ToUpper(LocaleID: TLocaleID): string;
function ToUpperInvariant: string;
class function LowerCase(const S: string): string;
class function LowerCase(const S: string; LocaleOptions: TLocaleOptions): string;
class function UpperCase(const S: string): string;
class function UpperCase(const S: string; LocaleOptions: TLocaleOptions): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str: string;
begin
str := 'Delphi';
str := str.ToLower; // delphi
str := str.ToUpper; // DELPHI
end;
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清除两边空格或指定字符:
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function Trim: string;
function TrimLeft: string;
function TrimRight: string;
function Trim(const TrimChars: array of Char): string;
function TrimLeft(const TrimChars: array of Char): string;
function TrimRight(const TrimChars: array of Char): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str1, str2: string;
begin
str1 := ' Delphi 10000 ';
str2 := str1.TrimLeft; // 'Delphi 10000 '
str2 := str1.TrimRight; // ' Delphi 10000'
str2 := str1.Trim; // 'Delphi 10000'
str2 := str1.Trim([' ', '0']); // 'Delphi 1'
end;
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字符串对比:
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function CompareTo(const strB: string): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; const StrB: string): Integer;
class function CompareText(const StrA: string; const StrB: string): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; const StrB: string; LocaleID: TLocaleID): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; const StrB: string; IgnoreCase: Boolean): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; const StrB: string; IgnoreCase: Boolean; LocaleID: TLocaleID): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; IndexA: Integer; const StrB: string; IndexB: Integer; Length: Integer): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; IndexA: Integer; const StrB: string; IndexB: Integer; Length: Integer; LocaleID: TLocaleID): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; IndexA: Integer; const StrB: string; IndexB: Integer; Length: Integer; IgnoreCase: Boolean): Integer;
class function Compare(const StrA: string; IndexA: Integer; const StrB: string; IndexB: Integer; Length: Integer; IgnoreCase: Boolean; LocaleID: TLocaleID): Integer;
class function CompareOrdinal(const StrA: string; const StrB: string): Integer;
class function CompareOrdinal(const StrA: string; IndexA: Integer; const StrB: string; IndexB: Integer; Length: Integer): Integer;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str1, str2: string;
n: Integer;
begin
str1 := 'ABC 123';
str2 := 'abc 123';
n := str1.CompareTo(str2); // -32
n := str1.Compare(str1, str2); // 1
n := str1.CompareText(str1, str2); // 0; 相同
n := str1.Compare(str1, str2, True); // 0; 不区分大小写
n := str1.CompareOrdinal(str1, str2); // -32
n := str1.Compare(str1, 4, str2, 4, 3); // 0; 只对比后三位
end;
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搜索字符串:
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function IndexOf(value: Char): Integer;
function IndexOf(const Value: string): Integer;
function IndexOf(Value: Char; StartIndex: Integer): Integer;
function IndexOf(const Value: string; StartIndex: Integer): Integer;
function IndexOf(Value: Char; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): Integer;
function IndexOf(const Value: string; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): Integer;
function IndexOfAny(const AnyOf: array of Char): Integer;
function IndexOfAny(const AnyOf: array of Char; StartIndex: Integer): Integer;
function IndexOfAny(const AnyOf: array of Char; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): Integer;
function LastIndexOf(Value: Char): Integer;
function LastIndexOf(const Value: string): Integer;
function LastIndexOf(Value: Char; StartIndex: Integer): Integer;
function LastIndexOf(const Value: string; StartIndex: Integer): Integer;
function LastIndexOf(Value: Char; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): Integer;
function LastIndexOf(const Value: string; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): Integer;
function LastIndexOfAny(const AnyOf: array of Char): Integer;
function LastIndexOfAny(const AnyOf: array of Char; StartIndex: Integer): Integer;
function LastIndexOfAny(const AnyOf: array of Char; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): Integer;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str: string;
n: Integer;
begin
str := 'A1 A2 A3 A4';
n := str.IndexOf('A'); // 0
n := str.LastIndexOf('A'); // 9
n := str.IndexOf('B'); // -1; 没找到
n := str.IndexOf('A', 1, str.Length - 1); // 3
n := str.LastIndexOf('A', str.Length - 1, str.Length - 1); // 9
n := str.IndexOfAny(['1', '2', '3', '4']); // 1
n := str.LastIndexOfAny(['1', '2', '3', '4']); // 10
end;
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是否包含:
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function Contains(const Value: string): Boolean;
function StartsWith(const Value: string): Boolean;
function StartsWith(const Value: string; IgnoreCase: Boolean): Boolean;
function EndsWith(const Value: string): Boolean;
function EndsWith(const Value: string; IgnoreCase: Boolean): Boolean;
class function EndsText(const ASubText, AText: string): Boolean;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str: string;
b: Boolean;
begin
str := 'Delphi XE4';
b := str.Contains('XE'); // True
b := str.Contains('xe'); // False
b := str.StartsWith('delphi'); // False
b := str.StartsWith('delphi', True); // True
b := str.EndsWith('XE4'); // True
b := str.EndsText('xe4', str); // True
end;
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添加或解除引号:
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function QuotedString: string;
function QuotedString(const QuoteChar: Char): string;
function DeQuotedString: string;
function DeQuotedString(const QuoteChar: Char): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str1, str2: string;
begin
str1 := 'Delphi';
str2 := str1.QuotedString; // 'Delphi'
str2 := str1.QuotedString('"'); // "Delphi"
str1 := '"Delphi"';
str2 := str1.DeQuotedString('"'); // Delphi
end;
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适宽处理:
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function PadLeft(TotalWidth: Integer): string;
function PadLeft(TotalWidth: Integer; PaddingChar: Char): string;
function PadRight(TotalWidth: Integer): string;
function PadRight(TotalWidth: Integer; PaddingChar: Char): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str: string;
begin
str := '1';
str := str.PadLeft(4, '0'); // 0001
end;
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插入与删除:
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function Insert(StartIndex: Integer; const Value: string): string;
function Remove(StartIndex: Integer): string;
function Remove(StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str1, str2: string;
begin
str1 := 'Delphi 4';
str2 := str1.Insert(7, 'XE'); // Delphi XE4
str1 := 'Delphi XE4';
str2 := str1.Remove(6); // Delphi
str2 := str1.Remove(7, 2); // Delphi 4
end;
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截取:
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function Substring(StartIndex: Integer): string;
function Substring(StartIndex: Integer; Length: Integer): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str1, str2: string;
begin
str1 := 'Delphi XE4';
str2 := str1.Substring(7); // XE4
str2 := str1.Substring(7, 2); // XE
end;
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替换:
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function Replace(OldChar: Char; NewChar: Char): string;
function Replace(OldChar: Char; NewChar: Char; ReplaceFlags: TReplaceFlags): string;
function Replace(const OldValue: string; const NewValue: string): string;
function Replace(const OldValue: string; const NewValue: string; ReplaceFlags: TReplaceFlags): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str1, str2: string;
begin
str1 := 'ABC ABC ABC';
str2 := str1.Replace('A', '*'); // *BC *BC *BC
str2 := str1.Replace('A', '*', [rfIgnoreCase]); // *BC ABC ABC
end;
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分割:
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function Split(const Separator: array of Char): TArray;
function Split(const Separator: array of Char; Count: Integer): TArray;
function Split(const Separator: array of Char; Options: TStringSplitOptions): TArray;
function Split(const Separator: array of string; Options: TStringSplitOptions): TArray;
function Split(const Separator: array of Char; Count: Integer; Options: TStringSplitOptions): TArray;
function Split(const Separator: array of string; Count: Integer; Options: TStringSplitOptions): TArray;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str: string;
arr: TArray;
begin
str := 'A-1,B-2,,,C-3,D-4';
arr := str.Split([',']); // arr[0] = A-1; Length(arr) = 6
arr := str.Split([','], TStringSplitOptions.ExcludeEmpty); // 忽略空项; Length(arr) = 4
arr := str.Split([','], 2); // 只提取前 2
arr := str.Split([',', '-'], ExcludeEmpty); //arr[0] = A; Length(arr) = 8
arr := str.Split([',,,'], None); // 分隔符可以是一个字符串数组
end;
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连接:
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class function Join(const Separator: string; const values: array of const): string;
class function Join(const Separator: string; const Values: array of string): string;
class function Join(const Separator: string; const Values: IEnumerator): string;
class function Join(const Separator: string; const Values: IEnumerable): string;
class function Join(const Separator: string; const value: array of string; StartIndex: Integer; Count: Integer): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
S: string;
str: string;
strArr: TArray;
begin
str := 'A1,B2,C3,,,,D4,E5,F6,G7';
strArr := str.Split([','], ExcludeEmpty);
str := S.Join('-', strArr); // A1-B2-C3-D4-E5-F6-G7
str := S.Join('; ', [1,2,3,4,5]); // 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
str := S.Join(',', ['abc', 123, true]); // abc,123,True
end;
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类型转换:
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function ToBoolean: Boolean;
function ToInteger: Integer;
function ToSingle: Single;
function ToDouble: Double;
function ToExtended: Extended;
class function ToBoolean(const S: string): Boolean;
class function ToInteger(const S: string): Integer;
class function ToSingle(const S: string): Single;
class function ToDouble(const S: string): Double;
class function ToExtended(const S: string): Extended;
class function Parse(const Value: Integer): string;
class function Parse(const Value: Int64): string;
class function Parse(const Value: Boolean): string;
class function Parse(const Value: Extended): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
S: string;
str: string;
n: Integer;
b: Boolean;
f: Double;
begin
str := S.Parse(123);
n := str.ToInteger; // 123
b := str.ToBoolean; // True
str := S.Parse(True);
b := str.ToBoolean; // True
n := str.ToInteger; // -1
str := S.Parse(3.14159260000);
f := str.ToDouble; //3.1415926
end;
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定界符:
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function IsDelimiter(const Delimiters: string; Index: Integer): Boolean;
function LastDelimiter(const Delims: string): Integer;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
str: string;
b: Boolean;
n: Integer;
begin
str := 'http://del.cnblogs.com';
b := str.IsDelimiter(':', 4); // True
b := str.IsDelimiter('//', 5); // True
n := str.LastDelimiter('.'); // 18
n := str.IndexOf('.'); // 10
end;
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空字符串:
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const Empty = '';
function IsEmpty: Boolean;
class function IsNullOrEmpty(const Value: string): Boolean;
class function IsNullOrWhiteSpace(const Value: string): Boolean;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
S: string;
str: string;
b: Boolean;
begin
str := ' ';
b := str.IsEmpty; // False
b := S.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(str); // True
end;
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String 与 Char:
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class function Create(C: Char; Count: Integer): string;
class function Create(const Value: array of Char; StartIndex: Integer; Length: Integer): string;
class function Create(const Value: array of Char): string;
property Chars[Index: Integer]: Char read GetChars;
property Length: Integer read GetLength;
function CountChar(const C: Char): Integer;
function ToCharArray: TArray;
function ToCharArray(StartIndex: Integer; Length: Integer): TArray;
procedure CopyTo(SourceIndex: Integer; var destination: array of Char; DestinationIndex: Integer; Count: Integer);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var
S: string;
str, str2: string;
charArr: TCharArray;
n: Integer;
c: Char;
begin
str := 'ABC';
n := str.Length; // 3
c := str.Chars[0]; // A = str[1]
str := S.Create('A', 7); // AAAAAAA
charArr := 'ABCDEFG'.ToCharArray;
str := s.Create(charArr); // ABCDEFG
str := S.Create(charArr, 1, 3); // BCD
charArr := '1234567890'.ToCharArray;
str := 'ABCDEFG';
str.CopyTo(1, charArr, 2, 3);
str := S.Create(charArr); // 12BCD67890
end;
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其他:
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function Equals(const Value: string): Boolean;
function GetHashCode: Integer;
class function Equals(const a: string; const b: string): Boolean;
class function Format(const Format: string; const args: array of const): string;
class function Copy(const Str: string): string;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// 用 Equals 不如直接用 = 号
// 用 Copy 不如直接用 :=
// 用 string.Format 不如直接用 Format()
