JUC基础(十二):ForkJoinPool 分支/合并框架 工作窃取
1 Fork/Join 框架
Fork/Join 框架:就是在必要的情况下,将一个大任务,进行拆分(fork)成若干个小任务(拆到不可再拆时),再将一个个的小任务运算的结果进行 join 汇总。
2 Fork/Join 框架与线程池的区别
采用 “工作窃取”模式(work-stealing):
当执行新的任务时它可以将其拆分分成更小的任务执行,并将小任务加到线程队列中,然后再从一个随机线程的队列中偷一个并把它放在自己的队列中。
相对于一般的线程池实现,fork/join框架的优势体现在对其中包含的任务的处理方式上.在一般的线程池中,如果一个线程正在执行的任务由于某些原因无法继续运行,那么该线程会处于等待状态。而在fork/join框架实现中,如果某个子问题由于等待另外一个子问题的完成而无法继续运行。那么处理该子问题的线程会主动寻找其他尚未运行的子问题来执行.这种方式减少了线程的等待时间,提高了性能。
package com.atguigu.juc; import java.time.Duration; import java.time.Instant; import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool; import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask; import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask; import java.util.stream.LongStream; import org.junit.Test; public class TestForkJoinPool { public static void main(String[] args) { Instant start = Instant.now(); ForkJoinPool pool = new ForkJoinPool(); ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(0L, 50000000000L); Long sum = pool.invoke(task); System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//166-1996-10590 } @Test public void test1(){ Instant start = Instant.now(); long sum = 0L; for (long i = 0L; i <= 50000000000L; i++) { sum += i; } System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//35-3142-15704 } //java8 新特性 @Test public void test2(){ Instant start = Instant.now(); Long sum = LongStream.rangeClosed(0L, 50000000000L) .parallel() .reduce(0L, Long::sum); System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//1536-8118 } } class ForkJoinSumCalculate extends RecursiveTask<Long>{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -259195479995561737L; private long start; private long end; private static final long THURSHOLD = 10000L; //临界值 public ForkJoinSumCalculate(long start, long end) { this.start = start; this.end = end; } @Override protected Long compute() { long length = end - start; if(length <= THURSHOLD){ long sum = 0L; for (long i = start; i <= end; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; }else{ long middle = (start + end) / 2; ForkJoinSumCalculate left = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(start, middle); left.fork(); //进行拆分,同时压入线程队列 ForkJoinSumCalculate right = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(middle+1, end); right.fork(); // return left.join() + right.join(); } } }
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