第十章 提升论文的可读性 --《英语科技写作（文法与修辞原则）》by 方克涛

1 旧的内容应放在心的内容前面

读者在阅读科技论文时，会想要尽快掌握目前内容与已读的句子之间的关联。为了满足读者的需求，可以采用以下写作技巧：先重复一些就内容，类似总结前文，然后再放入一些新内容。像承上启下那样。否则，读者会觉得文章写得不通畅。

 

2 主题应当做主语

bad ex：the algorithm we have propsed is superior to the conventional algorithm in two ways. our algorithm is much faster than the conventional algorithm, especially in applications with only a small number of parameters. and, particularly in applications involving large sets of data, the conventional method is mroe difficult to program than our method.

good ex: the algorithm we have propsed is superior to the conventional algorithm in two ways. our algorithm is much faster than the conventional algorithm, especially in applications with only a small number of parameters. our algorithm is much easier to program than the conventional method, particularly in applications involving large sets of data.

分析： 这也是我常犯的错误！

 

3 被动语态的用法

科技论文中，能采用主动语态就采用主动语态。那在什么情况下采用被动语态呢？当为了满足我们前两个条件时。当旧的内容需要用被动语态描述时，或者主语是被动的时候，采用被动语态。

 

4 短的片语放在长的片语前面

ex： a new, fast recursive least-squares algorithm in transversal filter form is derived.

new是短的片语，放在长片语fast recursive least-squares前，能使得句子读起来更通畅。

 

5 尽量缩短主语与动词之间的距离

bad ex: the architecture, as show in figure 3, incorporates two modules linked together by a map field.

good ex:  as show in figure 3, the architecture incorporates two modules linked together by a map field.

 

6 句子的动作应以动词表达

bad ex: excess HNO3 may lead to a thin oxide film on the substrate surface and thus inhibition of nucleation in non-target regions and an improved degree of selectivity.

good ex: excess HNO3 may cause a thin oxide film to form on the substrate surface, thus inhibiting nucleation in non-target regions and increasing the degree of selectivity.

分析：即使是使用v-ing的形式，也能使文章感觉更紧凑。这也是我常犯的错误之一。

 

7 句子之间的逻辑关系应表达清楚

读者在写研究报告的时候，需要合理合乎逻辑的方式呈现出来，而不要从一个主题跳到一个主题，尽量娓娓道来，而不是锁心所欲的写自己突然想到的东西，要好好的组织内容。另外，作者可以借助一些信号词（如however, since, because 等等）。

作者对于自己的研究内容很熟悉，但是读者不熟悉，所以切勿忘记提供一些相应的说明，有时候在后面添加1-2句说明，能使文章明朗很多。