python-通过openpy操作excel
1.安装 openpyxl
pip install openpyxl == 2.3.5 安装指定版本
遇到问题：
查询结果：这是因为电脑上有其他软件也有pip命令，我的电脑上是因为装了loadrunner
解决办法：
我用的有效命令：
python -m pip install openpyxl 安装成功
2.安装pillow
直接点击安装即可，64位需要和python版本一致；32也是
3.show openpyxl
c:\Python27>python -m pip show openpyxl
4.创建excel文件对象
>>> from openpyxl import *
>>> wb = Workbook() #创建excel文件对象，写在内存里的，不保存的话在关闭后就没了
>>> ws = wb.active #获取excel文件的一个sheet
>>> ws['A1']=12 #写入内容 单格写
>>> ws['A2']=12.333
>>> ws['A3']=u"小七"
>>> wb.save("e:\\test1.xlsx") #保存文件
>>> ws["B1"]=u"哥哥"
>>> ws["B2"]=u"我想我哥哥了"
>>> wb.save("e:\\test1.xlsx")
>>> import time #写入时间
>>> ws["c1"]= time.strftime(u"%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒".encode("utf-8"),time.lo
caltime())
>>> wb.save("e:\\test1.xlsx")
import datetime
import time
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()
5.打印有效行和列：
>>> ws.columns
<generator object _cells_by_col at 0x0000000002E117E0>
>>> for col in ws.columns:
... print col
...
(<Cell u'Sheet'.A1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.A2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.A3>)
(<Cell u'Sheet'.B1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B3>)
(<Cell u'Sheet'.C1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C3>)
>>> for col in ws.rows:
... print col
...
(<Cell u'Sheet'.A1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C1>)
(<Cell u'Sheet'.A2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C2>)
(<Cell u'Sheet'.A3>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B3>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C3>)
什么是有效行和列？
数据写入的可包含整体数据的最大范围，这个范围内的都是有效行和列
6.创建sheet
>>> ws = wb.create_sheet("gloryroad")
>>> ws = wb.create_sheet("I love")
>>> ws = wb.create_sheet(u"哥哥")
>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
7.获取sheet名称
>>> wb.get_sheet_names() #获取所有名称
[u'Sheet', u'gloryroad', u'I love', u'\u54e5\u54e5']
>>> ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"哥哥") #获取指定名称
>>> ws
<Worksheet "\u54e5\u54e5">
>>> print ws.encode("gbk")
>>> ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(wb.get_sheet_names()[-1]) #获取指定位置的sheet名称
>>> ws
<Worksheet "\u54e5\u54e5">
8.修改sheet名称
>>> ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(wb.get_sheet_names()[-1]) #修改前需要先获取
>>> ws
<Worksheet "\u54e5\u54e5">
>>> ws.title = "lin"
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
[u'Sheet', u'gloryroad', u'I love', u'lin']
>>> ws.title
u'lin'
9.获取sheet名称
>>> ws = wb["I love"]
>>> ws
<Worksheet "I love">
>>> wb.sheetnames
[u'Sheet', u'gloryroad', u'I love', u'lin']
10. 通过行和列修改表格内的内容
>>> ws.cell(row=1,column=2,value=123456)
<Cell u'I love'.B1>
>>> ws["B1"].value
123456
>>> ws.cell(row=1,column=2,value="I love")
<Cell u'I love'.B1>
>>> ws["B1"].value
u'I love'
小练习：
从A1到D4区域的所有单元格都要写内容，内容是行号是第一位，列号是第二位
>>> for row in range(1,5):
... for col in range(1,5):
... ws.cell(row=row,column=col,value=str(row)+str(col))
...
<Cell u'I love'.A1>
<Cell u'I love'.B1>
<Cell u'I love'.C1>
<Cell u'I love'.D1>
<Cell u'I love'.A2>
<Cell u'I love'.B2>
<Cell u'I love'.C2>
<Cell u'I love'.D2>
<Cell u'I love'.A3>
<Cell u'I love'.B3>
<Cell u'I love'.C3>
<Cell u'I love'.D3>
<Cell u'I love'.A4>
<Cell u'I love'.B4>
<Cell u'I love'.C4>
<Cell u'I love'.D4>
>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
>>>
11. 操作某列中所有有效数据
>>> print ws["A"]
(<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'.
A4>)
12. 操作某两列之间的所有有效值
>>> print ws["A:D"]
((<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'
.A4>), (<Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.B3>, <Cell u'I
love'.B4>), (<Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I love'.C3>, <Ce
ll u'I love'.C4>), (<Cell u'I love'.D1>, <Cell u'I love'.D2>, <Cell u'I love'.D3
>, <Cell u'I love'.D4>))
13. 打印出获取到的指定位置的值
>>> print ws["A:D"][0][0].value
11
>>> ws["A:D"][0][0].value='22' 第一列的第一行：列在前，行在后
14. 取出列的值；取出行和列的值
>>> ws[1] 取出1行
(<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'.
D1>)
>>> ws[1:2] 取出1行2列的值
((<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'
.D1>), (<Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I
love'.D2>))
小练习：取出1到3行的内容
自己的做法，取了3列
>>> for i in range(1,3):
... print ws[i:3]
...
((<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'
.D1>), (<Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I
love'.D2>), (<Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'.B3>, <Cell u'I love'.C3>, <Ce
ll u'I love'.D3>))
((<Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I love'
.D2>), (<Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'.B3>, <Cell u'I love'.C3>, <Cell u'I
love'.D3>))
老师的方法：
>>> for row in ws[1:3]:
... for j in range(len(row)): 利用每行元素的个数来确定有多少列
... print row[j].value
同学的方法：
for rows in ws[1:3]:
for row in rows:
print row.value,
print
15. 指定一个范围，通过限制最大行号和列号，最小行号和列号来实现
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1,max_col=3,max_row=3):
... for cell in row:
... print cell.value
...
22
12
13
21
22
23
31
32
33
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1,min_col=1,max_col=3,max_row=3):
... for cell in row:
... print cell.value
...
16. 打印所有的行和列
>>> for row in ws.rows: 打印所有的行
... print row
...
>>> for col in ws.columns: 打印所有的列
... print col
...
17. 写入百分数
>>> ws["Z100"]="66%"
>>> print ws["Z100"].value
66%
>>> wb.guess_type = True 为True时excel里面就是常规类型，为False时是百分数？
>>> ws["Z101"].value
>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
18. 修改excel里面的值
>>> wb = load_workbook("e:\\test.xlsx") #读取一个现有的文件进行操作
>>> ws = wb.active #获取当前sheet
>>> ws['A1'].vlue
>>> ws['A1'].value
12L
>>> ws['A1'].value=12 #修改值
>>> ws['A1'].value
12
>>> ws['A2'].value
12.333
>>> ws['A2'].value=u"gege" #修改值
>>> ws['A2'].value
u'gege'
19. 判断excel内存储的数值格式类型
>>> ws['A3'].value = "12%"
>>> ws['A3'].number_format
'General'
>>> ws['A20'].number_format
'General'
>>> wb.guess_type = True
>>> ws['A10']="12%"
>>> ws['A10'].number_format
'General'
>>> ws['A10']="12%"
>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xslx")
>>> ws['A10'].number_format
'General'
>>> import datetime
>>> ws["A11"]=datetime.datetime(1017,1,1)
>>> ws['A11'].number_format
'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
>>>
20. 写入一个sum函数
>>> ws["A11"]="=sum(1,1)"
>>> print ws["A11"]
<Cell u'Sheet'.A11>
>>> print ws["A11"].value
=sum(1,1)
>>> wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
21. 合并单元格和取消合并
ws.merge_cells("A1:C3")
ws.umerge_cells("A1:C3")
ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
22. 插入图片
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
wb = load_workbook('e:\\test.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
img = Image('e:\\1.png')
ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
E:\>python a.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "a.py", line 13, in <module>
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\workbook\workbook.py", line 349,
in save
save_workbook(self, filename)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\excel.py", line 267, in sa
ve_workbook
archive = ZipFile(filename, 'w', ZIP_DEFLATED, allowZip64=True)
File "C:\Python27\lib\zipfile.py", line 756, in __init__
self.fp = open(file, modeDict[mode])
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'e:\\test.xlsx'
Excel没有关闭，所以报错！！！
E:\>python a.py
23. 隐藏列
ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) 隐藏列
24. 生成柱形图
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series
wb = load_workbook('e:\\test.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
for i in range(10): #生成数据
ws.append([i])
values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10) #数据范围
chart = BarChart() #生成柱状图对象
chart.add_data(values) #柱状图对象用values存储数据
ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
25. 生成单元格，有样式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
data = [
['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],
['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],
['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],
['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700],
]
# add column headings. NB. these must be strings
ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])
for row in data:
ws.append(row)
tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5") #table指的是要使用样式的区域
# Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns
style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,
showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True,
showColumnStripes=True)
tab.tableStyleInfo = style
ws.add_table(tab)
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
26. 设置单元格中的字体
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft
# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
16进制的颜色：
可以在网上查
27. 设置字体和大写
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color="FFBB00") # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft
# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
a1.font = Font(name=u'宋体',size=28,color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only
affects A1
a1.value = "abc"
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
28. 设置为粗体
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color="FFBB00") # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft
# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
a1.font = Font(name=u'宋体',size=28,bold=True,color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the
change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
29. 设置成样式模板再去给单元格应用，但是不支持多个同时设置，需要的话可以通过循环
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")
bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000") #边框颜色及粗细
highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd) #边框 上下左右
print dir(ws["A1"])
ws["A1"].style =highlight #设置单元格样式
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")
30. 常用的样式和属性设置
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑',
size=11,
bold=False,
italic=False,
vertAlign=None,
underline='none',
strike=False,
color='FF000000')
fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",
start_color='FFEEFFFF',
end_color='FF001100')
#边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']
#diagonal 表示对角线
bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF001000'),
right=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF110000'),
top=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF110000'),
bottom=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF110000'),
diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF000000'),
diagonal_direction=0,
outline=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF000000'),
vertical=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF000000'),
horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF110000')
)
alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
vertical='bottom',
text_rotation=0,
wrap_text=False,
shrink_to_fit=False,
indent=0)
number_format = 'General'
protection = Protection(locked=True,
hidden=False)
ws["B5"].font = ft
ws["B5"].fill =fill
ws["B5"].border = bd
ws["B5"].alignment = alignment
ws["B5"].number_format = number_format
ws["B5"].value ="glory road"
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
