提升orm操作性能注意的点

 

优化一:尽量不查对象,能用values就是用values

直接使用对象查询的结果是5条sql语句

def youhua(request):
    # 使用对象查
    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title,obj.pubs.name)
        
    return render(request,"youhua.html")

使用values查询只执行了1条sql,会自动进行连表查询

def youhua(request):
    # 使用values
    obj_list = models.Book.objects.values('title', 'pubs__name')
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj['title'], obj['pubs__name'])

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

优化二:select_related('classes')

使用select_related('classes')

适用于:多对一 ,一对一查询添加select_related()方法,括号中是外键字段 。会进行连表查询

def youhua(request):
    # 使用对象查
    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all().select_related('pubs')
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title, obj.pubs.name)

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

使用prefetch_related(),多对一,

def youhua(request):

    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all().prefetch_related("pubs")
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title,obj.pubs.name)

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

使用prefetch_related(),多对多,

def youhua(request):

    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title,obj.authors.all())

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

def youhua(request):

    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all().prefetch_related("authors")
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title,obj.authors.all())

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

优化四:only()指定查询字段

直接查询的情况,会将所有字段都查询出来

def youhua(request):

    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title)

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

查询时指定某些字段查询,使用only指定字段只会查我们需要的那个字段。

def youhua(request):

    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all().only('title')
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.title)

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

优化五:defer() 查询时指定排除某些字段和only相反

如果我们需要的字段较多,不需要的较少,可以使用defer排除

def youhua(request):

    obj_list = models.Book.objects.all().defer('title')
    for obj in obj_list:
        print(obj.pubtime)

    return render(request,"youhua.html")

注:如果排除的字段,还要查会增加查询负担,当然查询指定字段之外的字段也会增加查询负担。

posted on 2019-11-24 18:04  我爱罗2012  阅读(215)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报