(Spring)AOP是怎么实现的
AOP
AOP联盟标准
AOP联盟将AOP体系分为三层,从三层结构可以看出,AOP实现方式有很多种,包括反射、元数据处理、程序处理、拦截器处理等,通过本节学习,你就会看到Spring AOP的实现使用的是Java语言本身的特性,即Java Proxy代理类、拦截器技术实现。
AOP简介
概念
切面(Aspect) :官方的抽象定义为“一个关注点的模块化,这个关注点可能会横切多个对象”。
连接点(Joinpoint) :程序执行过程中的某一行为。
通知(Advice) :“切面”对于某个“连接点”所产生的动作。
切入点(Pointcut) :匹配连接点的断言,在AOP中通知和一个切入点表达式关联。
目标对象(Target Object) :被一个或者多个切面所通知的对象。
AOP代理(AOP Proxy) 在Spring AOP中有两种代理方式,JDK动态代理和CGLIB代理。
通知(Advice)类型
前置通知(Before advice) :在某连接点(JoinPoint)之前执行的通知,但这个通知不能阻止连接点前的执行。ApplicationContext中在<aop:aspect>里面使用<aop:before>元素进行声明。
后通知(After advice) :当某连接点退出的时候执行的通知(不论是正常返回还是异常退出)。ApplicationContext中在<aop:aspect>里面使用<aop:after>元素进行声明。
返回后通知(After return advice) :在某连接点正常完成后执行的通知,不包括抛出异常的情况。ApplicationContext中在<aop:aspect>里面使用<after-returning>元素进行声明。
环绕通知(Around advice) :包围一个连接点的通知,类似Web中Servlet规范中的Filter的doFilter方法。可以在方法的调用前后完成自定义的行为,也可以选择不执行。ApplicationContext中在<aop:aspect>里面使用<aop:around>元素进行声明。
抛出异常后通知(After throwing advice) : 在方法抛出异常退出时执行的通知。 ApplicationContext中在<aop:aspect>里面使用<aop:after-throwing>元素进行声明。
切入点表达式 :如execution(* com.spring.service.*.*(..))
特点
1、降低模块之间的耦合度
2、使系统容易扩展
3、更好的代码复用。
时序图
流程说明
1)AOP标签的定义解析刘彻骨肯定是从NamespaceHandlerSupport的实现类开始解析的,这个实现类就是AopNamespaceHandler。至于为什么会是从NamespaceHandlerSupport的实现类开始解析的,这个的话我想读者可以去在回去看看Spring自定义标签的解析流程,里面说的比较详细。
2)要启用AOP,我们一般会在Spring里面配置<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> ,所以在配置文件中在遇到aspectj-autoproxy标签的时候我们会采用AspectJAutoProxyBeanDefinitionParser解析器
3)进入AspectJAutoProxyBeanDefinitionParser解析器后,调用AspectJAutoProxyBeanDefinitionParser已覆盖BeanDefinitionParser的parser方法,然后parser方法把请求转交给了AopNamespaceUtils的registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary去处理
4)进入AopNamespaceUtils的registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary方法后,先调用AopConfigUtils的registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary方法,里面在转发调用给registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired,注册或者升级AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator类。对于AOP的实现,基本是靠AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator去完成的,它可以根据@point注解定义的切点来代理相匹配的bean。
5)AopConfigUtils的registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary方法处理完成之后,接下来会调用useClassProxyingIfNecessary() 处理proxy-target-class以及expose-proxy属性。如果将proxy-target-class设置为true的话,那么会强制使用CGLIB代理,否则使用jdk动态代理,expose-proxy属性是为了解决有时候目标对象内部的自我调用无法实现切面增强。
6)最后的调用registerComponentIfNecessary 方法,注册组建并且通知便于监听器做进一步处理。
创建AOP代理
上面说到AOP的核心逻辑是在AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator类里面实现,那么我们先来看看这个类的层次关系
这个类实现了BeanPostProcessor接口,那就意味着这个类在spring加载实例化前会调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法,对于AOP的逻辑也是由此开始的。
时序图
流程说明
1)spring 容器启动,每个bean的实例化之前都会先经过AbstractAutoProxyCreator类的postProcessAfterInitialization()这个方法,然后接下来是调用wrapIfNecessary方法。
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/**
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* Create a proxy with the configured interceptors if the bean is
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* identified as one to proxy by the subclass.
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* @see #getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean
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*/
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public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
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if (bean != null) {
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Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);
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if (!this.earlyProxyReferences.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
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return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);
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}
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}
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return bean;
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}
2)进入wrapIfNecessary方法后,我们直接看重点实现逻辑的方法getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean,这个方法会提取当前bean 的所有增强方法,然后获取到适合的当前bean 的增强方法,然后对增强方法进行排序,最后返回
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/**
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* Wrap the given bean if necessary, i.e. if it is eligible for being proxied.
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* @param bean the raw bean instance
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* @param beanName the name of the bean
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* @param cacheKey the cache key for metadata access
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* @return a proxy wrapping the bean, or the raw bean instance as-is
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*/
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protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {
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if (beanName != null && this.targetSourcedBeans.containsKey(beanName)) {
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return bean;
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}
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if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {
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return bean;
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}
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if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {
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this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
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return bean;
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}
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// Create proxy if we have advice.
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Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);
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if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {
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this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);
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Object proxy = createProxy(bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));
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this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());
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return proxy;
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}
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this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
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return bean;
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}
3)获取到当前bean的增强方法后,便调用createProxy方法,创建代理。先创建代理工厂proxyFactory,然后获取当前bean 的增强器advisors,把当前获取到的增强器添加到代理工厂proxyFactory,然后设置当前的代理工的代理目标对象为当前bean,最后根据配置创建JDK的动态代理工厂,或者CGLIB的动态代理工厂,然后返回proxyFactory
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/**
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* Create an AOP proxy for the given bean.
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* @param beanClass the class of the bean
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* @param beanName the name of the bean
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* @param specificInterceptors the set of interceptors that is
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* specific to this bean (may be empty, but not null)
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* @param targetSource the TargetSource for the proxy,
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* already pre-configured to access the bean
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* @return the AOP proxy for the bean
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* @see #buildAdvisors
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*/
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protected Object createProxy(
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Class<?> beanClass, String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) {
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ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
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// Copy our properties (proxyTargetClass etc) inherited from ProxyConfig.
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proxyFactory.copyFrom(this);
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if (!shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) {
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// Must allow for introductions; can't just set interfaces to
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// the target's interfaces only.
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Class<?>[] targetInterfaces = ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClass(beanClass, this.proxyClassLoader);
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for (Class<?> targetInterface : targetInterfaces) {
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proxyFactory.addInterface(targetInterface);
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}
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}
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Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);
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for (Advisor advisor : advisors) {
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proxyFactory.addAdvisor(advisor);
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}
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proxyFactory.<strong>setTargetSource</strong>(targetSource);
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customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);
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proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy);
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if (advisorsPreFiltered()) {
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proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true);
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}
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return proxyFactory.getProxy(this.proxyClassLoader);
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}
AOP动态代理执行
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public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
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if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) {
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Class targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
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if (targetClass == null) {
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throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +
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"Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
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}
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if (targetClass.isInterface()) {
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return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
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}
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return CglibProxyFactory.createCglibProxy(config);
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}
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else {
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return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
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}
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}
Spring JDK动态代理实现
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public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throwsThrowable {
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MethodInvocation invocation = null;
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Object oldProxy = null;
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boolean setProxyContext = false;
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TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource;
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Class targetClass = null;
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Object target = null;
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try {
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//eqauls()方法,具目标对象未实现此方法
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if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)){
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return (equals(args[0])? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
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}
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//hashCode()方法,具目标对象未实现此方法
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if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)){
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return newInteger(hashCode());
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}
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//Advised接口或者其父接口中定义的方法,直接反射调用,不应用通知
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if (!this.advised.opaque &&method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface()
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&&method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) {
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// Service invocations onProxyConfig with the proxy config...
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return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised,method, args);
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}
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Object retVal = null;
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if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
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// Make invocation available ifnecessary.
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oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
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setProxyContext = true;
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}
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//获得目标对象的类
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target = targetSource.getTarget();
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if (target != null) {
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targetClass = target.getClass();
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}
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//获取可以应用到此方法上的Interceptor列表
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List chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method,targetClass);
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//如果没有可以应用到此方法的通知(Interceptor),此直接反射调用 method.invoke(target, args)
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if (chain.isEmpty()) {
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retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target,method, args);
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} else {
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//创建MethodInvocation
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invocation = newReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain);
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retVal = invocation.proceed();
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}
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// Massage return value if necessary.
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if (retVal != null && retVal == target &&method.getReturnType().isInstance(proxy)
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&&!RawTargetAccess.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
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// Special case: it returned"this" and the return type of the method
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// is type-compatible. Notethat we can't help if the target sets
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// a reference to itself inanother returned object.
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retVal = proxy;
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}
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return retVal;
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} finally {
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if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) {
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// Must have come fromTargetSource.
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targetSource.releaseTarget(target);
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}
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if (setProxyContext) {
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// Restore old proxy.
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AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy);
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}
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}
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}
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public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(Method method, Class targetClass) {
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MethodCacheKeycacheKey = new MethodCacheKey(method);
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List<Object>cached = this.methodCache.get(cacheKey);
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if(cached == null) {
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cached= this.advisorChainFactory.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
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this,method, targetClass);
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this.methodCache.put(cacheKey,cached);
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}
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returncached;
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}
4)其实实际的获取工作其实是由AdvisorChainFactory. getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice()这个方法来完成的,获取到的结果会被缓存,下面来分析下这个方法的实现:
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/**
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* 从提供的配置实例config中获取advisor列表,遍历处理这些advisor.如果是IntroductionAdvisor,
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* 则判断此Advisor能否应用到目标类targetClass上.如果是PointcutAdvisor,则判断
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* 此Advisor能否应用到目标方法method上.将满足条件的Advisor通过AdvisorAdaptor转化成Interceptor列表返回.
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*/
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publicList getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(Advised config, Methodmethod, Class targetClass) {
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// This is somewhat tricky... we have to process introductions first,
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// but we need to preserve order in the ultimate list.
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List interceptorList = new ArrayList(config.getAdvisors().length);
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//查看是否包含IntroductionAdvisor
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boolean hasIntroductions = hasMatchingIntroductions(config,targetClass);
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//这里实际上注册一系列AdvisorAdapter,用于将Advisor转化成MethodInterceptor
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AdvisorAdapterRegistry registry = GlobalAdvisorAdapterRegistry.getInstance();
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Advisor[] advisors = config.getAdvisors();
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for (int i = 0; i <advisors.length; i++) {
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Advisor advisor = advisors[i];
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if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
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// Add it conditionally.
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PointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor= (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
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if(config.isPreFiltered() ||pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getClassFilter().matches(targetClass)) {
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//TODO: 这个地方这两个方法的位置可以互换下
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//将Advisor转化成Interceptor
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MethodInterceptor[]interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
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//检查当前advisor的pointcut是否可以匹配当前方法
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MethodMatcher mm =pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getMethodMatcher();
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if (MethodMatchers.matches(mm,method, targetClass, hasIntroductions)) {
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if(mm.isRuntime()) {
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// Creating a newobject instance in the getInterceptors() method
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// isn't a problemas we normally cache created chains.
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for (intj = 0; j < interceptors.length; j++) {
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interceptorList.add(new InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher(interceptors[j],mm));
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}
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} else {
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interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
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}
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}
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}
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} else if (advisor instanceof IntroductionAdvisor){
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IntroductionAdvisor ia =(IntroductionAdvisor) advisor;
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if(config.isPreFiltered() || ia.getClassFilter().matches(targetClass)) {
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Interceptor[] interceptors= registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
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interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
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}
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} else {
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Interceptor[] interceptors =registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
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interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
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}
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}
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return interceptorList;
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}
5)这个方法执行完成后,Advised中配置能够应用到连接点或者目标类的Advisor全部被转化成了MethodInterceptor.
6)接下来货到invoke方法中的proceed方法 ,我们再看下得到的拦截器链是怎么起作用的,也就是proceed方法的执行过程
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public Object proceed() throws Throwable {
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// We start with an index of -1and increment early.
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if (this.currentInterceptorIndex == this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.size()- 1) {
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//如果Interceptor执行完了,则执行joinPoint
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return invokeJoinpoint();
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}
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Object interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice =
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this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.get(++this.currentInterceptorIndex);
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//如果要动态匹配joinPoint
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if (interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice instanceof InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher){
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// Evaluate dynamic method matcher here: static part will already have
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// been evaluated and found to match.
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InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher dm =
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(InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher)interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice;
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//动态匹配:运行时参数是否满足匹配条件
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if (dm.methodMatcher.matches(this.method, this.targetClass,this.arguments)) {
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//执行当前Intercetpor
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returndm.interceptor.invoke(this);
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}
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else {
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//动态匹配失败时,略过当前Intercetpor,调用下一个Interceptor
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return proceed();
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}
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}
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else {
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// It's an interceptor, so we just invoke it: The pointcutwill have
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// been evaluated statically before this object was constructed.
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//执行当前Intercetpor
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return ((MethodInterceptor) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice).invoke(this);
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}
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}