python程序的调试方法

【转自:http://blog.csdn.net/luckeryin/article/details/4477233

本文讨论在没有方便的IDE工具可用的情况下,使用pdb调试python程序

源码例子

例如,有模拟税收计算的程序:

#!/usr/bin/python 
def debug_demo(val): 
                if val <= 1600 : 
                                print "level 1" 
                                print 0 
                elif val <= 3500 : 
                                print "level 2" 
                                print (val - 1600) * 0.05 
                elif val <= 6500 : 
                                print "level 3" 
                                print (val - 3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
                else: 
                                print "level 4" 
                                print (val - 6500) * 0.20 + (6500-3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
#~def debug_demo                 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
                debug_demo(4500)

debug_demo函数计算4500的入账所需的税收。

如何调试?

1.加入断点

在需要插入断点的地方,加入红色部分代码:如果_DEBUG值为True,则在该处开始调试(加入_DEBUG的原因是为了方便打开/关闭调试)。

#!/usr/bin/python 
_DEBUG=True 
def debug_demo(val): 
                if _DEBUG == True: 
                                import pdb 
                                pdb.set_trace() 
                if val <= 1600 : 
                                print "level 1" 
                                print 0 
                elif val <= 3500 : 
                                print "level 2" 
                                print (val - 1600) * 0.05 
                elif val <= 6500 : 
                                print "level 3" 
                                print (val - 3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
                else: 
                                print "level 4" 
                                print (val - 6500) * 0.20 + (6500-3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
#~def debug_demo                 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
                debug_demo(4500)

2.开始运行调试

  运行程序./debug_demo.py,得到

> /usr/local/qspace/user_network/debug_demo.py(7)debug_demo() 
-> if val <= 1600 : 
(Pdb)

-> val <= 1600 : 指示当前执行的语句,(Pdb)等待你的调试指令. pdb的指令很丰富,输入h指令可以查看指令的使用方法。下面简单介绍常用指令:

  查看代码上下文,l(小写L)

(Pdb) l 
    2         _DEBUG=True 
    3         def debug_demo(val): 
    4                         if _DEBUG == True: 
    5                                         import pdb 
    6                                         pdb.set_trace() 
    7    ->                 if val <= 1600 : 
    8                                         print "level 1" 
    9                                         print 0 
  10                         elif val <= 3500 : 
  11                                         print "level 2" 
  12                                         print (val - 1600) * 0.05 
(Pdb)   

左边是行号,右边是代码正文。

  监视变量:p 变量名

(Pdb) p val 
4500 
(Pdb)   

单步执行: n

-> elif val <= 3500 : 
(Pdb) l  
  5                                         import pdb  
  6                                         pdb.set_trace()  
  7                         if val <= 1600 :  
  8                                         print "level 1"  
  9                                         print 0 
10    ->                 elif val <= 3500 : 
11                                         print "level 2" 
12                                         print (val - 1600) * 0.05 
13                         elif val <= 6500 : 
14                                         print "level 3" 
15                                         print (val - 3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05

加入断点:b 行号

(Pdb) b 14

运行到断点: c

(Pdb) c 
> /***** 
-> print "level 3" 
(Pdb) l  
  9                                         print 0 
10                         elif val <= 3500 : 
11                                         print "level 2" 
12                                         print (val - 1600) * 0.05 
13                         elif val <= 6500 : 
14 B->                                 print "level 3" 
15                                         print (val - 3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
16                         else: 
17                                         print "level 4" 
18                                         print (val - 6500) * 0.20 + (6500-3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
19    

执行到函数返回前: r

(Pdb) r 
level 3 
195.0 
--Return-- 
> /****()

->None 
-> print (val - 3500) * 0.10 + (3500-1600) * 0.05 
(Pdb)   

说明:

  pdb还有很多其他很多有用的指令,读者可以自行探索。输入h,h 命令。就可以得到命令的详细帮助。

  不过,我个人认为一般无需启动这种调试方法,一般使用日志输出进行调试即可,除非遇到了非常微妙的错误。这时,单步调试的威力便显示出来了

posted @ 2012-02-10 10:38  qi09  阅读(53659)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报