spark-submit提交任务到集群，分发虚拟环境和第三方包
spark-submit提交任务的参数很多：
Usage: spark-submit [options] <app jar | python file> [app arguments] Usage: spark-submit --kill [submission ID] --master [spark://...] Usage: spark-submit --status [submission ID] --master [spark://...] Usage: spark-submit run-example [options] example-class [example args] Options: --master MASTER_URL spark://host:port, mesos://host:port, yarn, or local. --deploy-mode DEPLOY_MODE Whether to launch the driver program locally ("client") or on one of the worker machines inside the cluster ("cluster") (Default: client). --class CLASS_NAME Your application's main class (for Java / Scala apps). --name NAME A name of your application. --jars JARS Comma-separated list of local jars to include on the driver and executor classpaths. --packages Comma-separated list of maven coordinates of jars to include on the driver and executor classpaths. Will search the local maven repo, then maven central and any additional remote repositories given by --repositories. The format for the coordinates should be groupId:artifactId:version. --exclude-packages Comma-separated list of groupId:artifactId, to exclude while resolving the dependencies provided in --packages to avoid dependency conflicts. --repositories Comma-separated list of additional remote repositories to search for the maven coordinates given with --packages. --py-files PY_FILES Comma-separated list of .zip, .egg, or .py files to place on the PYTHONPATH for Python apps. --files FILES Comma-separated list of files to be placed in the working directory of each executor. --conf PROP=VALUE Arbitrary Spark configuration property. --properties-file FILE Path to a file from which to load extra properties. If not specified, this will look for conf/spark-defaults.conf. --driver-memory MEM Memory for driver (e.g. 1000M, 2G) (Default: 1024M). --driver-java-options Extra Java options to pass to the driver. --driver-library-path Extra library path entries to pass to the driver. --driver-class-path Extra class path entries to pass to the driver. Note that jars added with --jars are automatically included in the classpath. --executor-memory MEM Memory per executor (e.g. 1000M, 2G) (Default: 1G). --proxy-user NAME User to impersonate when submitting the application. This argument does not work with --principal / --keytab. --help, -h Show this help message and exit. --verbose, -v Print additional debug output. --version, Print the version of current Spark. Spark standalone with cluster deploy mode only: --driver-cores NUM Cores for driver (Default: 1). Spark standalone or Mesos with cluster deploy mode only: --supervise If given, restarts the driver on failure. --kill SUBMISSION_ID If given, kills the driver specified. --status SUBMISSION_ID If given, requests the status of the driver specified. Spark standalone and Mesos only: --total-executor-cores NUM Total cores for all executors. Spark standalone and YARN only: --executor-cores NUM Number of cores per executor. (Default: 1 in YARN mode, or all available cores on the worker in standalone mode) YARN-only: --driver-cores NUM Number of cores used by the driver, only in cluster mode (Default: 1). --queue QUEUE_NAME The YARN queue to submit to (Default: "default"). --num-executors NUM Number of executors to launch (Default: 2). If dynamic allocation is enabled, the initial number of executors will be at least NUM. --archives ARCHIVES Comma separated list of archives to be extracted into the working directory of each executor. --principal PRINCIPAL Principal to be used to login to KDC, while running on secure HDFS. --keytab KEYTAB The full path to the file that contains the keytab for the principal specified above. This keytab will be copied to the node running the Application Master via the Secure Distributed Cache, for renewing the login tickets and the delegation tokens periodically.
1. 但是，一般提交作业到本地 [local] 模式，则很简单：
直接：spark-submit *.py即可，当然，其中是要配置好该机器的python解释器位置：在spark的安装目录下，有一个spark-env.sh文件，例如：/opt/spark/spark-2.1.1-bin-hadoop2.7/conf/spark-env.sh
在其中设置环境变量PYSPARK_PYTHON，例如添加：export PYSPARK_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
2. 但是如果是集群模式，则其他机器也要在同样的目录下，安装python以及所需的包，当机器很多时，管理起来会比较麻烦，因为每次都可能装新的包。—— 于是产生了一个方法：通过分发包文件，来执行python代码，也就是一般所说的sc.addPyFile(r'/root/test_words/lib_words.zip') 方法，具体见：https://www.cnblogs.com/qi-yuan-008/p/11877805.html，当然这只对简单的独立包有效。
3. 然而，上述方法在遇到复杂依赖包的时候，例如：numpy和pandas，它们需要与系统的C extension扩展进行编译才能使用，但是打包的时候无法打包所需的C扩展文件，于是会造成各种错误，其结果就是分发的包不适用，大多会出现类似：ImportError: C extension: No module named 'pandas._libs.tslib' not built. 的错误。
4. 这时，就需要一种新的方法来解决这个问题，简单又实用。
网上流传最多的一种方法就是：打包虚拟环境 —— 即通过anaconda构建虚拟环境，然后打包分发该环境，或者通过virtualenv来打包分发虚拟环境，然后将python解释器指向所分发的虚拟环境中的python即可。
具体设置是：（首先已经将打包的anaconda3环境，例如：anaconda3/envs/my_env目录，将my_env文件夹打包成zip文件，明名为my_env.zip）
## anaconda方法 spark-submit \ --master yarn \ --deploy-mode cluster \ --num-executors 4 \ --executor-memory 2G \ --archives hdfs:///user/xxx/lib/my_env.zip#my_env\ --conf spark.yarn.appMasterEnv.PYSPARK_PYTHON=./my_env/my_env/bin/python3 \
main.py
或者（例如：将virtualenv环境打包成my_env.zip）
## virtualenv方法 spark-submit \ --master yarn \ --deploy-mode cluster \ --num-executors 4 \ --executor-memory 2G \ --archives hdfs:///user/xxx/spark/my_env.zip#my_env\ –conf spark.pyspark.driver.python=hdfs:///user/xxx/spark/my_env/bin/python3 \ –conf spark.pyspark.python=./my_env/my_env/bin/python3 \ main.py
但是这两种方法都是通过yarn模式管理的，本人尚未尝试。
5. 本人尝试成功的是（其实这个不算是分发虚拟环境了，因为每台机器都装了包，只不过用anaconda来管理了）：
首先：在所有机器上，安装anaconda3，新建虚拟环境，然后在该虚拟环境下（例如：my_test_env）通过requirements安装所需的库（pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple），几台机器全部一致（包括anaconda3的路径和安装的库）。
然后不需要修改原先的spark-env的环境变量，例如：PYSPARK_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3，也就是可以保持原样，这样不会破坏集群的配置。
其次：通过其中某个机器由spark-submit提交作业时，使用参数如下：
spark-submit --conf spark.pyspark.driver.python=/root/anaconda3/envs/my_test_env/bin/python3.7 --conf spark.pyspark.python=/root/anaconda3/envs/my_test_env/bin/python3.7 main.py
然后即可运行。
6. 附加：如果上述依然不行，可以在程序中添加：os.environ["PYSPARK_PYTHON"]="/root/anaconda3/envs/my_test_env/bin/python3.7" （改成anaconda3中的python路径），然后再根据上述步骤尝试。
参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/qwezhaohaihong/article/details/84772060
