Servlet

1、常见状态码

200:请求成功

302:请求重定向

304:请求资源没有改变,访问本地缓存

404:请求资源不存在。通常是用户路径编写错误,也可能是服务器资源已删除。

500:服务器内部错误。通常程序抛异常。

2、Tomcat的目录结构

bin目录下有开启和关闭的命令

Webapps下是以后发布web程序的地方【打成war包放在webapps下】

3、什么是Servlet

  Servlet是运行在服务端的Java小程序,是sun公司提供一套规范(接口),用来处理客户端请求、响应给浏览器的动态资源。但servlet的实质就是java代码,通过java的API动态的向客户端输出内容。

4、servlet三种创建方式

生命周期

出生:第一次请求到达,servlet出生

服务:每次请求到达,都会调用service服务

死亡:当服务器停止,容器(服务器)会调用destroy方法销毁servlet

第一种:实现servlet接口

步骤

1写一个类实现了servlet接口,重写service方法

2在web.xml中配置该servlet

package com.zy.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyServlet implements Servlet{
    //普通的类
    //要想让该类具备接收请求,完成响应的功能
    @Override
    public void destroy() {//销毁---servlet生命结束
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {//出生---初始化
        System.out.println("servlet出生了");
        
    }

    @Override                 //请求                                             //响应
    public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // ---最重要的(接收请求,完成响应)
        //接收请求
        System.out.println("收到请求,进入servlet的service方法");
        //响应
        response.getWriter().write("hello world");
        
        
        //生命--
        //出生--服务--死亡
    }
    

}
 <!-- 配置servlet -->
  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>qwer</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.zy.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>qwer</servlet-name><!-- 与上边匹配 -->
 <url-pattern>/abc</url-pattern><!--url 请求规则 -->
 </servlet-mapping>

第二种:继承HttpServlet

package com.zy.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;

public class MyServlet2 extends HttpServlet{
//重写doGet和doPost[]
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //写代码!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
        System.out.println("收到请求,进入了doGet方法");
        
        resp.getWriter().write("hello zhiyou");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //doPost一般直接调用doGet
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
    
}
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>abc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.zy.servlet.MyServlet2</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>abc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bcd</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

第三种:注解版

package com.zy.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class MyServlet3
 */

//基于最新注解版servlet(不用配置web.xml,用注解代替了这段配置)
@WebServlet("/MyServlet3")//[这就是url-pattern]
public class MyServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("接收请求,进入doGet方法");
        response.getWriter().write("hello ruhua");
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {        
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

5、url-pattern

三种模式:

完全匹配: /abc

目录匹配: /aaa/bbb/*

后缀匹配:*.action

package com.zy.servlet2;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ParameterServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ParameterServlet")
public class ParameterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如果请求中含有参数,我们怎么去接收到servlet中
        //url 传参方式(?好传参,参数以键值对出现)
        //localhost:8080/web01/ParameterServlet?name=xiaoming
        //中文参数
        //localhost:8080/web01/ParameterServlet?name=老王
        
        //n个参数
        //localhost:8080/web01/ParameterServlet?name=老王&age=10&address=湖南
        
        //怎么接收参数
        //java面向对象的思想:xxx对象处理xxx事情
        //分析事情:接收请求中的参数问题
        //调用request的api
        String parameter = request.getParameter("name");//根据键取值
        String parameter2 = request.getParameter("age");
        String parameter3 = request.getParameter("address");
        System.out.println(parameter);
        System.out.println(parameter2);
        System.out.println(parameter3);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

 

posted @ 2019-07-11 14:22  勤奋的园  阅读(136)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报