MySQL常用SQL语句2

-- 1创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE Student(
Id INT(10) PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Sex VARCHAR(4),
Birth YEAR,
Department VARCHAR(20),
Address VARCHAR(50)
)

CREATE TABLE Score(
Id INT(10) PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
Stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
C_name VARCHAR(20),
Grade INT(10)
)

-- 2.为student表和score表增加记录
INSERT INTO student VALUES(901,'张老大','',1985,'计算机系','北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(902,'张老二','',1986,'中文系','北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(903,'张三','',1990,'中文系','湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(904,'李四','',1990,'英语系','辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(905,'王五','',1991,'英语系',' 福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(906,'王六','',1988,'计算机系','湖南省衡阳市');

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901,'计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901,'英语',80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902,'计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902,'中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903,'中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904,'计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904,'英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905,'英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906,'计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906,'英语',85);

-- 外键约束(数据库为了保持数据的完整性正确性,通常在有关系两个表中会建立外键约束)
-- 就这个案例而言[score中的    Stu_id实际引用了student中的id]
-- 所有的约束都是数据库对自身的保护
-- CONSTRAINT '1' FOREIGN KEY(stu_id) REFERENCES student(id)
ALTER TABLE score ADD FOREIGN KEY(Stu_id) REFERENCES student(Id);-- ALTER更改表结构 UPDATE更新表数据


-- 两表查询
-- 笛卡尔积(存在大量无效数据)
SELECT * FROM student,score;

SELECT * FROM student,score WHERE score.Stu_id=student.Id;-- 正确 查询后让主外键对应

-- 内连接(专业)【只会显示两表匹配的信息】
SELECT * FROM student INNER JOIN score ON score.Stu_id=student.Id;


-- 外连接
-- 就让两个表产生了级别差异,以某个表为主表,主表信息完全展示,从表信息只显示与主表匹配信息
SELECT * FROM student LEFT JOIN score ON score.Stu_id=student.Id;-- 外连接【左外连接(以左表为主表,将左表所有信息都显示出来,右表不匹配的显示为空),右外连接】

SELECT * FROM student RIGHT  JOIN score ON score.Stu_id=student.Id;-- 因为score表有外键,所以信息是一一对应的


-- 子查询(一般是由多个查询组合而成,内层查询的结果可以作为外层查询中的一个条件)
-- 查询比aa同学年龄大的学生
-- 步骤1 先查aa的年龄
SELECT age FROM user WHERE NAME='aa';-- 查询是有一个结果的 age=20
-- 步骤2 查询其他学生信息与 刚才的结果比较
SELECT * from user WHERE aeg>(SELECT aeg from user WHERE name='aa')

SELECT * from user WHERE id IN(SELECT id from user WHERE id BETWEEN 3 and 8)

-- 索引  触发器





-- 3.查询student表的所有记录
SELECT * FROM student;

-- 4.查询student表的第2条到4条记录
SELECT * FROM student LIMIT 1,3;

-- 5从student表查询所有学生的学号(id)、姓名(name)和院系(department)的信息
SELECT Id,NAME,Department FROM student;

-- 6.从student表中查询计算机系和英语系的学生的信息
SELECT * FROM student WHERE Department='计算机系' OR Department='英语系';
SELECT * FROM student WHERE Department IN('计算机系','英语系');

-- 7.从student表中查询年龄18~22岁的学生信息

-- 获取年份

-- select YEAR(CURDATE());
--  
-- 2018
-- 获取月份
-- 
-- select MONTH(CURDATE());
--  
-- 
-- 获取日期
-- 
-- select DATE(CURDATE());
--  
-- 2018-04-22
-- 获取当年一月份
-- 
-- select CONCAT(YEAR(CURDATE()),'-','01');
--  
-- 2018-01
SELECT YEAR(CURDATE());-- 获取当前年份
SELECT * FROM student WHERE YEAR(CURDATE())-Birth>=28 AND YEAR(CURDATE())-Birth<=32;

SELECT * FROM student WHERE DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y')-Birth BETWEEN 28 AND 32;-- 问题
-- 8.从student表中查询每个院系有多少人 
SELECT Department AS '院系名称',COUNT(*) AS '总数'FROM student GROUP BY Department;

-- 9.从score表中查询每个科目的最高分
SELECT C_name,MAX(Grade) FROM score GROUP BY C_name;

-- 10.查询李四的考试科目(c_name)和考试成绩(grade)
SELECT C_name,grade FROM score WHERE Stu_id=(SELECT Id FROM student WHERE NAME='李四');

-- 11.用连接的方式查询所有学生的信息和考试信息
SELECT student.*,score.C_name,score.Grade FROM student INNER  JOIN score ON student.Id=score.Stu_id;

-- 12.计算每个学生的总成绩
-- SELECT student.`Name`,SUM(grade) FROM student JOIN score ON student.Id=score.Stu_id

SELECT Stu_id AS '学号',student.name AS '姓名',SUM(grade) AS '总成绩'  FROM score JOIN student ON student.Id=score.Stu_id  GROUP BY Stu_id;-- 刚好一个id对应一个名字

-- 13.计算每个考试科目的平均成绩
SELECT C_name,AVG(Grade) from score GROUP BY C_name;

-- 14.查询计算机成绩低于95的学生信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE Id IN(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE C_name='计算机' AND Grade<95);

-- 15.查询同时参加计算机和英语考试的学生的信息
--  SELECT * FROM student WHERE Id IN(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE C_name='计算机' ) UNION  SELECT * FROM student WHERE Id IN(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE C_name='英语' );
SELECT * FROM student WHERE Id IN
(
SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name='计算机' AND stu_id IN
(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name='英语')
)
-- 16.将计算机考试成绩按从高到低进行排序
SELECT * FROM score  WHERE C_name='计算机' ORDER BY  grade DESC;

-- 17.查询姓张或者姓王的同学的姓名、院系和考试科目及成绩
SELECT  student.`Name`,student.Department,GROUP_CONCAT(score.C_name),GROUP_CONCAT(score.Grade) FROM student JOIN  score ON student.Id=score.Stu_id WHERE student.`Name` LIKE '张%' OR student.`Name` LIKE '王%' GROUP BY student.`Name`;

-- 18.查询都是湖南的学生的姓名、年龄、院系和考试科目及成绩
SELECT  student.`Name`,(YEAR(CURDATE())-student.Birth)AS age,student.Department,score.C_name,score.Grade  FROM student JOIN  score ON student.Id=score.Stu_id WHERE student.Address LIKE '湖南%';

 

posted @ 2019-07-09 19:49  勤奋的园  阅读(195)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报