linux 硬盘相关命令学习
summary:
- 查看硬盘信息:几块硬盘,品牌,容量
- 查看分区信息
参考资料:
Linux下查看磁盘分区命令详解: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26119273-id-3167576.html
Linux技巧-如何查看系统信息-硬盘、分区信息以及磁盘用量: http://blog.csdn.net/hs794502825/article/details/9029217
lvm介绍(物理卷/卷组/逻辑卷/物理扩展): http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1231089
常用命令:
-
df (display fileSystem)
df displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. 显示磁盘使用空间
机器1:
[root@bo ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_bo-lv_root 50G 12G 36G 24% /
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 33M 427M 8% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_bo-lv_home 852G 231G 578G 29% /home
/ 根目录下有50G
tmpfs 占用16G (此目录作用?)
/boot 485M 已用33M 可用427M
/home 852G 已用231G 可用578G
机器2:
[root@wellav ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_root
50G 16G 32G 34% /
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 32M 429M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_home
11T 864G 8.8T 9% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_tmp
197G 191M 187G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_usr
197G 1.3G 186G 1% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_var
197G 1.6G 186G 1% /var
通过机器1,2推测:FileSystem 为文件系统,相当与分区。1块硬盘可做多个分区(好比windows系统的C,D,E盘符)。/dev/sda1 是系统引导盘,系统有1块硬盘总容量大概12T。
/dev/mapper/vg_~ 是分区,机器2,把硬盘分了多个分区:
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_root
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_home
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_tmp
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_usr
/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_var
2. lsblk
lsblk lists information about all or the specified block devices.
机器1:
[root@bo sysbench]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 930.5G 0 part ├─vg_bo-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─vg_bo-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 15.7G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─vg_bo-lv_home (dm-2) 253:2 0 864.8G 0 lvm /home sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
机器2:
[root@wellav ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 10.9T 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 10.9T 0 part ├─vg_wellav-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─vg_wellav-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 31.5G 0 lvm [SWAP] ├─vg_wellav-lv_var (dm-2) 253:2 0 200G 0 lvm /var ├─vg_wellav-lv_home (dm-3) 253:3 0 10.3T 0 lvm /home ├─vg_wellav-lv_tmp (dm-4) 253:4 0 200G 0 lvm /tmp └─vg_wellav-lv_usr (dm-5) 253:5 0 200G 0 lvm /usr sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
其中type列:disk, part, lvm, rom; 确定了sda为硬盘,下分为2个分区sda1( boot分区), sda2(系统分区);sda2下分为多个虚拟分区(lvm),挂载到不同目录。
关于磁盘分区,卷组,逻辑卷组,物理扩展,参见参考3
3. smartctl -a /dev/sda
查看硬盘厂商等信息,此工具需要单独安装;
[root@qa ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-642.6.2.el6.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Vendor: DELL Product: PERC H710 Revision: 3.13 User Capacity: 9,999,220,736,000 bytes [9.99 TB] Logical block size: 512 bytes Logical Unit id: 0x6c81f660cd7589001d5afbf60f03b0c8 Serial number: 00c8b0030ff6fb5a1d008975cd60f681 Device type: disk Local Time is: Wed Nov 23 11:28:58 2016 UTC Device does not support SMART Error Counter logging not supported Device does not support Self Test logging
dell品牌,型号 PERC H710, 容量:9.99TB;