Linux基础学习-网络管理
Linux系统网络管理NetworkManager
1 启动网络管理服务和开机自启动
在rhel7中网路管理相关命令nmcli,nmtui,nmtui-edit,nm-connection-editor
| 服务启动 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| systemctl start NetworkManager | 启动服务 |
| systemctl restart NetworkManager | 重启服务 |
| systemctl stop NetworkManager | 停止服务 |
| systemctl enable NetworkManager | 开机自启动服务 |
| systemctl disable NetworkManager | 取消开机自启动 |
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl enable NetworkManager
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service.
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager
enabled
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl is-active NetworkManager
active
2 查看设备状态命令nmcli device和nmcli connection
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens32 ethernet connected ens32
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens32 b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d ethernet ens32
virbr0 8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332 bridge virbr0
3 查看ip地址
[root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.56.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 834 bytes 72426 (70.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 584 bytes 69140 (67.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@qdlinux ~]# ip address show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.56.5/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@qdlinux ~]# ip -s link show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
85134 991 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
80226 678 0 0 0 0
生成新的配置文件
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens33-dhcp ifname ens32 autoconnect yes type ethernet ipv4.method auto
Connection 'ens33-dhcp' (ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4) successfully added.
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens32 b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d ethernet ens32
virbr0 8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332 bridge virbr0
ens33-dhcp ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4 ethernet --
查看配置文件
[root@qdlinux ~]# less /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33-dhcp
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33-dhcp
UUID=ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
(END)
启动新的配置文件,如果此时是用ssh连接上去的会掉线.
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection up ens33-dhcp
Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
Connection closing...Socket close.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(192.168.56.5) at 09:49:30.
在虚拟机中查看ip地址,发现ip地址已经自动获取,并且已经改变.
现在切换原来的配置文件,ssh再次连接又连接上去了.
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection up ens32
[root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.56.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 2508 bytes 205179 (200.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1514 bytes 196730 (192.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
虚拟机中重新添加一块网卡用于实验,查看一下设备名称和ip地址
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens32 ethernet connected ens32
ens34 ethernet connected Wired connection 1
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.56.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3153 bytes 258362 (252.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1797 bytes 227166 (221.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.56.103 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
inet6 fe80::3432:a743:270f:eb3d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:a9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 47 bytes 3569 (3.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 23 bytes 4673 (4.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
删除该设备配置文件,重新配置一个新的配置文件.
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection delete
ens32 help path virbr0
ens33-dhcp id uuid Wired\ connection\ 1
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection delete "Wired connection 1"
Connection 'Wired connection 1' (e9c28a80-5519-359b-919f-4a0d572044e3) successfully deleted.
[root@qdlinux ~]#
查看一下网络设备状态
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens32 b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d ethernet ens32
virbr0 8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332 bridge virbr0
ens33-dhcp ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4 ethernet --
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens32 ethernet connected ens32
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
ens34 ethernet disconnected --
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
添加一个手动配置文件
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens34-static ifname ens34 type ethernet ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes ipv4.addresses 192.168.56.26/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.56.2 ipv4.dns 202.102.134.68 +ipv4.dns 202.102.128.68
Connection 'ens34-static' (7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4) successfully added.
再查看一个设备状态
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens32 ethernet connected ens32
ens34 ethernet connected ens34-static
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens32 b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d ethernet ens32
ens34-static 7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4 ethernet ens34
virbr0 8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332 bridge virbr0
ens33-dhcp ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4 ethernet --
查看一下该配置文件信息
[root@qdlinux ~]# less /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.56.26
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
DNS1=202.102.134.68
DNS2=202.102.128.68
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens34-static
UUID=7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4
DEVICE=ens34
ONBOOT=yes
修改开机自启动
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection modify ens34-static autoconnect no
[root@qdlinux ~]# tail /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens34-static
UUID=7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4
DEVICE=ens34
ONBOOT=no
修改DNS通过+/-添加删除dns
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection modify ens34-static ipv4.dns 202.102.134.68
[root@qdlinux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static | grep DNS
DNS1=202.102.134.68
手动方式修改配置文件
通过手动方式修改配置文件,首先复制一份原始配置命名为ifcfg-ens35-static,修改配置名称、协议、删除UUID、IP地址
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens35-static
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static //修改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens35-static//修改为ens35-static
DEVICE=ens35//修改为ens35
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.56.26
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
DNS1=202.102.134.68
DNS2=114.114.114.114
重新加载一下配置文件启动配置
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection reload
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens32 ethernet connected ens32
ens34 ethernet connected ens34-static
ens35 ethernet connected ens35-static
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens32 b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d ethernet ens32
ens34-static 7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4 ethernet ens34
ens35-static c3f27806-e8cf-8d29-2fba-c732def2dc76 ethernet ens35
virbr0 8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332 bridge virbr0
ens33-dhcp ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4 ethernet --
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection down ens35-static ; nmcli connection up ens35-static
修改centos默认ens32为eth0方法
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rhgb net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
//重新加载一下
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-52d8eda1b73640adbcf5f8c63832171a
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-52d8eda1b73640adbcf5f8c63832171a.img
done
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]#
重新启动计算机,发现已经修改成功
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
eth0 b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d ethernet eth0
eth1-static 7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4 ethernet eth1
eth2-static 8f105ed6-1361-8e14-51fd-dedb8ef3510a ethernet eth2
virbr0 9a190443-83a0-4623-a6b4-a62fdda2d167 bridge virbr0
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
eth0 ethernet connected eth0
eth1 ethernet connected eth1-static
eth2 ethernet connected eth2-static
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
勿在浮沙筑高楼
