自定义序列化小记

对于实现了Serializable接口的类,在对其对象进行序列化的时候,会自动将该对象的所有实例变量依次进行序列,特别是在某个实例变量应用到了其他对象时,表现为递归式的序列化机制。这种“一概而全”序列化方式往往不是我们实际想要的,因此有必以自定义的方式来序列化(具体地讲比如控制某些实例变量可以序列化,增加一些处理逻辑进行序列化等等)。有以下几种方式来实现自动以的序列化。

 

1、使用transient关键字

使用transient关键字修饰实例变量。从语义上讲transient是短暂的、瞬态的意思,因此不适合用序列化策略来存储。在序列化的时候该实例变量不会被写进字节序列,相当于会忽略掉该变量的序列化。这是最简单方便的自定义序列化方式,在JDK源码中也有很多地方用到了该关键字来修饰的实例变量。

使用transient关键字实现自定义序列化有几件事需要了解:

a、transient只应该用来修饰成员变量,不应修饰类变量。虽然在语法上用transient修饰静态变量不会报错,但是这样做没有效果也没有意义:类变量本身就是隶属于类,不属于任何一个对象。

b、反序列化后,之前被transient修饰的变量的值被赋予系统设定的默认初值(同时注意:反序列化的过程不会调用对象的任何构造器)。

c、实现了Externalizable接口

 

package com.prac;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;

public class TestSeri{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\target.md";
        Target target = new Target("hi");
        try {
            //序列化
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
            oos.writeObject(target);
            //反序列化
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
            Target othetarget = (Target)ois.readObject();

            Target.staticVar += " world!";//改变Target类的静态变量
        
            System.out.println("instVar = "+othetarget.instVar);
            //输出了"hello world!",静态变量不参与序列化
            System.out.println("staticVar = "+othetarget.staticVar);
            
            //以下成员变量未参与序列化,反序列化后赋予系统设定的初始值
            System.out.println("intValue = "+othetarget.intValue);//0
            System.out.println("doubleValue = "+othetarget.doubleValue);//0.0
            System.out.println("booValue = "+othetarget.booValue);//fasle
            System.out.println("stringValue = "+othetarget.stringValue);//null
            System.out.println("objValue = "+othetarget.objValue);//null
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
class Target implements Serializable{
    public static String staticVar = "hello";
//    public transient static String staticValue = "hello";//语法上可以用transient修饰静态变量,但无意义
    public String instVar = ""; 
    
    public transient double doubleValue = 10.0;
    public transient int intValue = 100;
    public transient boolean booValue = true;
    public transient String stringValue = "hello world";
    public transient Object objValue = new Object();
    public Target(){
        System.out.println("invoke Target()");
    }
    public Target(String instVar){
        this.instVar = instVar;
        System.out.println("invoke Target(String instVar)");
    }
}

 

2、使用特殊签名的方法

在类中定义如下三个特殊签名的方法,可以按照自定义的逻辑来实现自定义序列化。

private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream oos) throws IOException
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException
private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException

一个简单的示例如下:

package com.prac;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;

public class TestSeri{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\target.md";
        User user = new User("qcer","123456");
        try {
            //序列化
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
            oos.writeObject(user);
            //反序列化
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
            User otheuser = (User)ois.readObject();
            
            System.out.println("username = "+otheuser.username);
            System.out.println("password = "+otheuser.password);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
class User implements Serializable{
    public String username = "";
    public String password = "";
    public User(){
    }
    public User(String username,String password){
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream oos) throws IOException{
        oos.writeObject(username);
        oos.writeObject(encrypt(password));
    }
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{
        this.username = (String)ois.readObject();
        this.password = dencrypt((String)ois.readObject());
    }
    private String encrypt(String plaintext){
        String ciphertext = "";
        //...省略加密算法部分
        return ciphertext;
    }
    private String dencrypt(String ciphertext){
        String plaintext = "";
        //...省略解密算法部分
        return plaintext;
    }
}

 

3、实现Externalizable接口

 Externalizable实接口际上是继承了Serializable接口

实现Externalizable接口的类中需要实现writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)和readExternal(ObjectInput in)两个方法,同之前的一样,可以用out.writeXXX()和in.readXXX()的方式来自定义序列化和反序列化数据。

一个示例如下:

package com.prac;

import java.io.*;
public class TestExseri{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\book.md";
        Book book = new Book("Thinking in Java",108.00);
        try {
            //序列化
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
            oos.writeObject(book);
            //反序列化,会调用Book类的无参构造器
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
            Book otherbook = (Book)ois.readObject();
            
            System.out.println("name = "+otherbook.name);//Thinking in Java
            System.out.println("price = "+otherbook.price);//108.0
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
class Book implements Externalizable{
    public transient String name = "";
    public double price = 0.0;
    public Book(){
        System.out.println("invoke Book()");
    }
    public Book(String name,double price) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }
    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeObject(name);
        out.writeDouble(price);
    }
    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,
            ClassNotFoundException {
        this.name = (String)in.readObject();
        this.price = in.readDouble();
    }
}

 

实际上,ObjectOutputStream实现了ObjectOutput接口,而后者继承了DataOutput接口。

 

posted @ 2018-03-06 21:01  Qcer  阅读(625)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报