django项目实践

第二部分： 程序开发：

    创建Django部分：

        在项目中下载mysql数据库插件

pip install mysqlclient

在目录终端输入指令:

django-admin startproject '项目名字'        #创建django项目

cd '项目名字'                               #移动进项目      

python manage.py startapp 'app名字'         #创建app     

打开创建好的项目后 点击项目名下的__init__.py文件 导入数据库插件

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

配置模型(models.py)

from django.db import models

 

 

# Create your models here.

class Teacher(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='员工',primary_key=True,db_index=True)

    password = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name='密码')

    age = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name='年龄')

    introduce = models.TextField(default='该员工懒，什么都没写',verbose_name='简介')

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'teacher'

        verbose_name = '学生信息管理表'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.username

将app加入到django创建的文件settings.py中

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'beta'                        #加入的名字取决于你创建的app的名字

]

在写好模型'models.py'后，生成一个迁移文件，然后进行数据库映射

Python manage.py makemigrations        #生成迁移文件

Python manage.py migrate               #数据库映射

在'sittings.py'中配置连接数据库

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME':'',

        'USER':'',

        'PASSWORD':'',

        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',

        'PORT':'3306',

接下来创建视图函数(views.py)：

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect

from .models import Teacher

# Create your views here.

def login(request):

    result = {'error': ''}

    if request.method == 'POST':

        name = request.POST.get('username')

        data = Teacher.objects.filter(username=name)

        if data:

            password = request.POST.get('password')

            data1 = data.first()

            if password == str(data1.password):

                rep = redirect('/index')

                #将用户名保存到session中

                # request.session['username'] = name #绑定用户ID保存到数据库

                rep.set_cookie('is_login',data1.username) #保存用户的id发

                return rep

            else:

                result['error'] = '密码错误!!!'

        else:

            result['error'] = '用户名不存在!!!'

    return render(request, 'login.html',{'result': result})

 

 

def index(request):

    teacher=Teacher.objects.all()

    return render(request,'course.html',{'teachers':teacher})

 

 

def add(request):

    data3 = request.COOKIES.get('is_login')

    if not data3 == 'root':

        return redirect('index')

    if request.method == 'POST':

        name = request.POST.get('nickname')

        age = request.POST['age']

        introduce = request.POST['introduce']

        # Student.objects.create()

        tt = Teacher()

        tt.username = name

        tt.age = age

        tt.introduce = introduce

        tt.save()

        return redirect('index')

    return render(request,'add.html')

 

 

# def addcw(request):

#     if request.GET['username'] == 'root' and request.GET.get('password') == '1':

#         return render(request,'add.html')

#     else:

#         return render(request,'login02.html')

 

 

def update(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        name = request.POST.get('nickname')

        age = request.POST.get('age')

        introduce = request.POST.get('introduce')

        update = Teacher.objects.filter(username=name)

        if update:

            Teacher.objects.filter(username=name).update(

                age=age,

                introduce=introduce

            )

        return redirect('index')

    return render(request,'update.html')

 

 

def delete(request,username):

    Teacher.objects.get(username=username).delete()

    return redirect('index')

 

 

def chaxun(request):

    return render(request,'ss.html')

将网页放到 ./templates下，将css，js放到static下

 

修改django项目下的sittings.py文件：

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [

    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

]

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]

或：

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [

  ./static

]

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': ["./templates"],

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]

前端网页部分：

{% csrf_token %}            #post提交时服务器会验证这串字符来确保用户是在服务端返回的表单页面中提交的数据，不然无法进行跨网页操作

 

 

<!--action:要提交到的页面; method:提交方式-->

<form action="{% url 'add' %}" method="post">            #这个为提交到的页面和提交方式

<!--<form action="/add/" method="post">-->

 

总结：

    在Django部分，前面搭建的功能基本一样，添加不同的功能和添加需求都需要在数据库和views.py中进行修改 并对models进行一定的增加，设好主键做好索引，就是解题的关键。

 

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