实验1 现代C++编程初体验

实验任务1

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

// 声明
// 模板函数声明
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);

// 普通函数声明
void test1();
void test2();
void test3();

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();

    cout << "\n测试3: \n";
    test3();
}

// 函数实现
// 输出容器对象c中的元素
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
    for(auto &i: c)
        cout << i << " ";
    cout << endl;
}

// 测试1
// 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串
void test1() {
    string s0{"0123456789"};
    cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;

    string s1{s0};
    reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());  // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;

    string s2{s0};
    reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序
    cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
}

// 测试2
// 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据
void test2() {
    vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
    cout << "v0: ";
    output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    cout << "v1: ";
    output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
    cout << "v2: ";
    output(v2);
}

// 测试3
// 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位
void test3() {
    vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    cout << "v0: ";
    output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end());  // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始
    cout << "v1: ";
    output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
    cout << "v2: ";
    output(v2);

    vector<int> v3{v0};
    rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
    cout << "v3: ";
    output(v3);

    vector<int> v4{v0};
    rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
    cout << "v4: ";
    output(v4);
}

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务2

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

// 函数声明
// 模板函数声明
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);

// 普通函数声明
int rand_int_100();
void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();
}

// 函数实现
// 输出容器对象c中的元素
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
    for(auto &i: c)
        cout << i << " ";
    cout << endl;
}

// 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数
int rand_int_100() {
    return rand() % 101;
}

// 测试1
// 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序
void test1() {
    vector<int> v0(10);  // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10
    generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项
    cout << "v0: ";
    output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序
    cout << "v1: ";
    output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序
    cout << "v2: ";
    output(v2);
}

// 测试2
// 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值
void test2() {
    vector<int> v0(10);  
    generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 
    cout << "v0: ";
    output(v0);

    auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl;

    auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl;

    auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
    cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
    double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size();
    cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;

    cout << endl;

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    cout << "v0: ";
    output(v0);
    sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2);
    cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
}

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务3

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

bool is_palindrome(std::string s);

int main() {
using namespace std;
   string s;
while (cin >> s) // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z后结束测试
     cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl;
}
bool is_palindrome(std::string s) {
return s == std::string(s.rbegin(), s.rend());
 }

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务4

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);
 int main() {
   using namespace std;
    int x;
   while (cin >> x) {
     cout << "十进制: " << x << endl;
     cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl;
     cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl;
     cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl;
 }
 }
 std::string dec2n(int x, int n) {
    if (x == 0) return "0";
    std::string result;
    const char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
   while (x > 0) {
       result += digits[x % n];
      x /= n;
  }
   std::reverse(result.begin(), result.end());
   return result;
}

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务5

代码:

#include<iostream>
 using namespace std;
 int main(){
   cout<<"   ";
      for(char c='a';c<='z';++c){
       cout<<c<<" ";
     }
     cout<<endl;
     for(int i=0;i<26;i++){
       cout<<(i+1<10 ? " ":"")<<i+1<<" ";
     for(int j=0;j<26;j++){
           char letter ='A'+(i+j)%26;
           cout<<letter<<" ";
      }
        cout<<endl;
     }
   return 0;
 }

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务6

代码:

#include<iostream>
#include<random>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    mt19937 generator;
  uniform_int_distribution<int> dis1(1, 10);
   uniform_int_distribution<int> dis2(1, 4);
   int count = 1, right = 0;
   while (count <= 10)
   {
      int a = dis1(generator), b = dis1(generator), c = dis2(generator),answer;
       if (c == 1)
      {
          cout << a << " " << "+" << " " << b << " = ";
          cin >> answer;
         if (answer == a + b)
             right++;
         count++;
     }
      else if (c == 2 && a > b)
      {
                cout << a << " " << "-" << " " << b << " = ";
         cin >> answer;
         if (answer == a - b)
              right++;
        count++;
     }
      else if (c == 3)
      {
          cout << a << " " << "*" << " " << b << " = ";
          cin >> answer;
         if (answer == a * b)
             right++;
          count++;
      }
      else if (c == 4 && a % b == 0)
      {
          cout << a << " " << "/" << " " << b << " = ";
          cin >> answer;
            if (answer == a / b)
              right++;
          count++;
       }
    }
    cout << "正确率:" << fixed<< setprecision(2)<<(right * 10.0) << "%" << endl;
    return 0;
     }

运行结果:

 

实验总结:

实验1与2因为有代码参照,所以完成速度较快,实验5与6则相对完成的较慢,可能是因为不够熟练,争取下次提高效率。

posted @ 2024-10-15 10:04  DownJackring  阅读(11)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报