利用python实现新浪微博爬虫

第一个模块，模拟登陆sina微博，创建weiboLogin.py文件，输入以下代码：

 

 

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
import cookielib
import base64
import re
import json
import hashlib

class weiboLogin:
    cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
    cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
    opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)
    urllib2.install_opener(opener)
    postdata = {
        'entry': 'weibo',
        'gateway': '1',
        'from': '',
        'savestate': '7',
        'userticket': '1',
        'ssosimplelogin': '1',
        'vsnf': '1',
        'vsnval': '',
        'su': '',
        'service': 'miniblog',
        'servertime': '',
        'nonce': '',
        'pwencode': 'wsse',
        'sp': '',
        'encoding': 'UTF-8',
        'url': 'http://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack',
        'returntype': 'META'
    }

    def get_servertime(self):
        url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=weibo&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su=dW5kZWZpbmVk&client=ssologin.js(v1.3.18)&_=1329806375939'
        data = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
        p = re.compile('(.∗)')
        try:
            json_data = p.search(data).group(1)
            data = json.loads(json_data)
            servertime = str(data['servertime'])
            nonce = data['nonce']
            return servertime, nonce
        except:
            print 'Get severtime error!'
            return None

    def get_pwd(self, pwd, servertime, nonce):
        pwd1 = hashlib.sha1(pwd).hexdigest()
        pwd2 = hashlib.sha1(pwd1).hexdigest()
        pwd3_ = pwd2 + servertime + nonce
        pwd3 = hashlib.sha1(pwd3_).hexdigest()
        return pwd3

    def get_user(self, username):
        username_ = urllib.quote(username)
        username = base64.encodestring(username_)[:-1]
        return username


    def login(self,username,pwd):
        url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.3.18)'
        try:
            servertime, nonce = self.get_servertime()
        except:
            print 'get servertime error!'
            return
        weiboLogin.postdata['servertime'] = servertime
        weiboLogin.postdata['nonce'] = nonce
        weiboLogin.postdata['su'] = self.get_user(username)
        weiboLogin.postdata['sp'] = self.get_pwd(pwd, servertime, nonce)
        weiboLogin.postdata = urllib.urlencode(weiboLogin.postdata)
        headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:8.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/8.0 Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11'}
        req  = urllib2.Request(
            url = url,
            data = weiboLogin.postdata,
            headers = headers
        )
        result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        text = result.read()
        p = re.compile('location\.replace\'(.∗?)\'')
        try:
            login_url = p.search(text).group(1)
            urllib2.urlopen(login_url)
            print "Login success!"
        except:
            print 'Login error!'

然后创建main.py文件，输入以下代码：

 

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import weiboLogin
import urllib
import urllib2

username = '你的微博用户名'
pwd = '你的微博密码'

WBLogin = weiboLogin.weiboLogin()
WBLogin.login(username, pwd)

注意：若登陆失败，可能是你的账号在登陆的时候需要输入验证码！你在网页上登陆你的账号试试看，在账号设置里面可以设置某些地区不输入验证码。

 

参考：http://www.douban.com/note/201767245/

接下来，考虑实现抓取微博的内容。

此时遇到一个困难，当抓取指定URL的微博时，初始显示只有15条。后面的是延迟显示的（ajax里面叫lazy load?）。也就是说，当滚动条第一次拖到最下面的时候，会显示第二部分，再拖到最下面，会显示第三部分。此时一个页面的微博才是完整的。所以，要获取一个微博页面的全部微博，需要访问这个页面三次。创建getWeiboPage.py文件，相应代码如下：

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import urllib
import urllib2
import sys
import time

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

class getWeiboPage:
    body = {
        '__rnd':'',
        '_k':'',
        '_t':'0',
        'count':'50',
        'end_id':'',
        'max_id':'',
        'page':1,
        'pagebar':'',
        'pre_page':'0',
        'uid':''
    }
    uid_list = []
    charset = 'utf8'

    def get_msg(self,uid):
        getWeiboPage.body['uid'] = uid
        url = self.get_url(uid)
        self.get_firstpage(url)
        self.get_secondpage(url)
        self.get_thirdpage(url)
    def get_firstpage(self,url):
        getWeiboPage.body['pre_page'] = getWeiboPage.body['page']-1
        url = url +urllib.urlencode(getWeiboPage.body)
        req = urllib2.Request(url)
        result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        text = result.read()
        self.writefile('./output/text1',text)
        self.writefile('./output/result1',eval("u'''"+text+"'''"))

    def get_secondpage(self,url):
        getWeiboPage.body['count'] = '15'
    #   getWeiboPage.body['end_id'] = '3490160379905732'
    #   getWeiboPage.body['max_id'] = '3487344294660278'
        getWeiboPage.body['pagebar'] = '0'
        getWeiboPage.body['pre_page'] = getWeiboPage.body['page']

        url = url +urllib.urlencode(getWeiboPage.body)
        req = urllib2.Request(url)
        result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        text = result.read()
        self.writefile('./output/text2',text)
        self.writefile('./output/result2',eval("u'''"+text+"'''"))
    def get_thirdpage(self,url):
        getWeiboPage.body['count'] = '15'
        getWeiboPage.body['pagebar'] = '1'
        getWeiboPage.body['pre_page'] = getWeiboPage.body['page']

        url = url +urllib.urlencode(getWeiboPage.body)
        req = urllib2.Request(url)
        result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        text = result.read()
        self.writefile('./output/text3',text)
        self.writefile('./output/result3',eval("u'''"+text+"'''"))
    def get_url(self,uid):
        url = 'http://weibo.com/' + uid + '?from=otherprofile&wvr=3.6&loc=tagweibo'
        return url
    def get_uid(self,filename):
        fread = file(filename)
        for line in fread:
            getWeiboPage.uid_list.append(line)
            print line
            time.sleep(1)
    def writefile(self,filename,content):
        fw = file(filename,'w')
        fw.write(content)
        fw.close()

 

在刚刚的main.py中加入相应内容，完整内容为：

 

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import weiboLogin
import getWeiboMsg
import urllib
import urllib2

username = '你的微博用户名'
pwd = '你的微博密码'

WBLogin = weiboLogin.weiboLogin()
WBLogin.login(username, pwd)

WBmsg = getWeiboMsg.getWeiboMsg()
url = 'http://weibo.com/1624087025?from=otherprofile&wvr=3.6&loc=tagweibo'

WBmsg.get_firstpage(url)
WBmsg.get_secondpage(url)
WBmsg.get_thirdpage(url)