k8s安装

简单理解:

  docker默认是单机使用的,不可以跨主机,也没有高可用,所以生产环境一般不会单独使用docker跑应用,k8s主要是作为docker的一个调度器来使用,可以使容器实现跨节点通信,当一台运行容器的节点故障后,容器会自动迁移到其它可用节点上继续运行服务,目前比较常用的是k8s

k8s架构:k8s主要由master节点和node节点构成,而且常用操作都在master上操作,作为控制节点角色,node节点提供计算功能

master:

kubectl:k8s的所有操作都是通过kubectl指令操作的

REST API:k8s对外部服务提供的接口服务,例如图形化界面或者kubectl都会通过REST API接口下发指令来控制k8s

scheduler:调度器,例如创建pod,scheduler可以控制将pod分配到哪个pod节点

controller-manager:检测pod或者node的健康状态,并维持pod的正常运行,如果pod故障,controller-manger会自动修复,例如在启动一个pod副本

kubelet:代理软件,例如在master上对node节点下发的指令,都需要通过kubelet组建来告知各个组件

etcd:数据库,所有配置数据都存放在etcd数据库中

kubeproxy:在所有节点都需要运行kubeproxy,后期通过创建svc来将pod映射到外网,当外部通过svc-ip访问pod的时候就需要通过kubeporxy进行路由转发到pod

node:

pod:k8s环境运行的最小单位,一个pod中可以包含一个或多个容器

安装方式:

kubeadmin(生产)

yum

源码安装(学习,深刻理解)

===================================================================================

节点规划

 

 

开始安装:

初始化各个节点的配置:

安装常用工具

yum -y install wget telnet net-tools lrzsz vim zip unzip

修改主机名

将master节点主机名修改为k8s-master01  node节点为k8s-node01  以这种命名规则命名即可

关闭防火墙

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

永久关闭selinux

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config;cat /etc/selinux/config 

临时关闭selinux

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# setenforce 0

配置hosts

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
10.1.1.100    k8s-master01
10.1.1.110    k8s-node01
10.1.1.120    k8s-node02
EOF

临时关闭swap

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# swapoff -a

永久关闭swap

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# vim /etc/fstab

 

配置yum源(自带的kubernetes版本太低)

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
cd /etc/yum.repo/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

vim k8s.repo

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
yum clean all && yum makecache

 

安装docker

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum -y install docker

由于内核不支持 overlay2所以需要升级内核或者禁用overlay2(我们选择禁用,安装完docker可以启动docker测试下是否支持,启动docker不报错的可以忽略这一步)

 vim /etc/sysconfig/docker 将 --selinux-enabled=false

 

 启动docker服务

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

设置服务器时区

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

设置相关k8s参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sysctl -p

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

安装k8s相关安装包 这里安装的是1.15.1版本,可以根据自己的需求指定版本,前提是你yum源支持  使用  yum list kube\*   来查看当前yum源支持的最新版本

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#yum -y install kubeadm-1.15.1 kubelet-1.15.1 kubectl-1.15.1

启动服务

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet

====================================以上操作在所有节点执行,如果新加node节点也需要执行上述操作================================================================

开始初始化k8s集群:在master上执行

$ kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.1.1.100 \       #master组件监听的api地址,这里写masterIP地址即可或者多网卡选择另一个IP地址
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.15.1 \
--service-cidr=10.2.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

 初始化完成后kubelet服务如果没异常的话应该正常启动了

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

安装flannel网络

vim  kube-flannel.yml添加下面内容

---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm64
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/arch: ppc64le
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/arch: s390x
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
View Code

 

kubectl apply -f  kube-flannel.yml

 遇到问题,执行kubectl get pods  -n kube-system查看到flannel容器拉取镜像错误,在master节点上手动拉取镜像后再次执行kubectl apply,查看到flannel网络运行正常

docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
kubectl apply -f  kube-flannel.yml

=====================================================master节点部署完成==================================================================================

将node节点加入到master集群中,在需要加入k8s集群的node节点上执行该命令

 

kubeadm join 10.1.1.100:6443 --token jib7mk.mybh3vpbfcf2tgw0 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e5ab611a21d0442c1f25b9f88eaf5cddc66ad906d206163f2630d6228efa733

 如果忘记kubeadm join后的参数,可用通过下面命令来获取

[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command

问题1:

执行完kubeadm join后在master节点执行kubectl get nodes 发现k8s-node01节点状态为NotReady

解决方法:在node节点查看日志,tail -f /var/log/message或者journalctl -f -u kubelet发现有报错日志如下

Container runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:docker: network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized

通过日志可以看出是网络组件出现的问题,然后在node节点上执行docker images,查看到flannel组件的镜像没有拉取到,可用稍微等一下,如果不想等或者等了一会还拉取不到,可用手动拉取

docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

过一俩分钟在master节点上进行验证

[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready    master   15h     v1.15.1
k8s-node01     Ready    <none>   6m42s   v1.15.1

在master节点上部署k8s-dashboard组件,该组件为k8s的web ui组件

vim   kubernetes-dashboard.yml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          - --auto-generate-certificates
          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-volume
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
View Code

部署该服务

[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 

查看访问dashboard服务的端口号,访问IP使用master节点的IP地址

[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.103.18.237   <none>        443:31072/TCP   2m33s

访问验证:https://10.1.1.100:31072/  

 

如何使用令牌登陆:

[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl  get secret -n kube-system|grep dashboard
dashboard-admin-token-pbg4s                      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      96s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs                       Opaque                                0      48m
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder                  Opaque                                2      47m
kubernetes-dashboard-token-ksd9f                 kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      48m

查看token信息

[root@k8s-master01 opt]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-pbg4s -n kube-system

 

 登陆成功,部署完成

 

 

posted @ 2020-08-20 11:15  什么都不会的小郭  阅读(12894)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报