Shiro学习笔记

1、Shiro简介

1.1、什么是Shiro?

Apache Shiro 是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。
Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环
境。
Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/

image-20210515213121332

1.2、有哪些功能?

image-20210515213130606

  • Authentication:身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
  • Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否
    进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否
    具有某个权限!
  • Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都
    在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境;
  • Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
    Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
    Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高
    效率
  • Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限
    自动的传播过去
    Testing:提供测试支持;
  • Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
  • Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了

1.3、Shiro架构(外部)

从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:

image-20210515213256344

  • subject: 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject,
    Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是
    Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject其
    实是一个门面,SecurityManageer 才是实际的执行者
  • SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互,并且它
    管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于
    SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
  • Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager 要验证
    用户身份,那么它需要从Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从
    Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看成

1.4、Shiro架构(内部)

image-20210515221747466

  • Subject:任何可以与应用交互的 ‘用户’;
  • Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有具体的交互
    都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理者所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话,及
    缓存的管理。
  • Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略
    (Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
  • Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能
    访问应用中的那些功能;
  • Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可
    以用JDBC实现,也可以是内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
  • SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用
    在普通的JavaSE环境中
  • CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改
    变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
  • Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密,解密等

2、HelloWorld

2.1、快速实践

查看官网文档:http://shiro.apache.org/tutorial.html
官方的quickstart:https://github.com/apache/shiro/tree/master/samples/quickstart/

  1. 创建一个maven父工程,用于学习Shiro,删掉不必要的东西
  2. 创建一个普通的Maven子工程:shiro-01-helloworld
  3. 根据官方文档,我们来导入Shiro的依赖

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- configure logging -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.21</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.21</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
  1. 编写Shiro配置
    log4j.properties

resources/log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

resources/shiro.ini

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# 
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

  1. 编写我们的QuickStrat
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.ini.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.lang.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

  1. 测试运行一下

image-20210515233313729


2020-11-04 09:13:59,275 INFO [org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager] - Enabling session validation scheduler... 
2020-11-04 09:14:00,629 INFO [Quickstart] - Retrieved the correct value! [aValue] 
2020-11-04 09:14:00,630 INFO [Quickstart] - User [lonestarr] logged in successfully. 
2020-11-04 09:14:00,631 INFO [Quickstart] - May the Schwartz be with you! 
2020-11-04 09:14:00,631 INFO [Quickstart] - You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely. 
2020-11-04 09:14:00,632 INFO [Quickstart] - You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  Here are the keys - have fun! 


  1. 如果报错,则导入一下 commons-logging 的依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -
->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
  1. 发现,执行完毕什么都没有,可能是maven依赖中的作用域问题,我们需要将scope作用域删掉,
    默认是在test,然后重启,那么我们的quickstart就结束了,默认的日志消息!

  2. 开始解释!

2.2、阅读代码

  1. 导入了一堆包!

  2. 类的描述

    /**
    * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
    * 简单的快速启动应用程序,演示如何使用Shiro的API。
    */
    
  3. 通过工厂模式创建SecurityManager的实例对象

    // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
    // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
    // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
    // return a SecurityManager instance:
    // 使用类路径根目录下的shiro.ini文件
    // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
    // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
    Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new
    IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
    SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
    // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
    // accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
    // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
    // webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
    // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
    // for things.
    SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
    // 现在已经建立了一个简单的Shiro环境,让我们看看您可以做什么:
    // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can
    do:
    
  4. 获取当前的Subject

    // get the currently executing user: 获取当前正在执行的用户
    Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    
  5. session的操作

    // 用会话做一些事情(不需要web或EJB容器!!!)
    // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
    Session session = currentUser.getSession(); //获得session
    session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); //设置Session的值!
    String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); //从session中获取
    值
    if (value.equals("aValue")) { //判断session中是否存在这个值!
    log.info("==Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
    }
    
  6. 用户认证功能

    // 测试当前的用户是否已经被认证,即是否已经登录!
    // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and
    permissions:
    if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { // isAuthenticated();是否认证
    //将用户名和密码封装为 UsernamePasswordToken ;
    UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr",
    "vespa");
    token.setRememberMe(true); //记住我功能
    try {
    currentUser.login(token); //执行登录,可以登录成功的!
    } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { //如果没有指定的用户,则
    UnknownAccountException异常
    log.info("There is no user with username of " +
    token.getPrincipal());
    } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { //密码不对的异常!
    log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was
    incorrect!");
    } catch (LockedAccountException lae) { //用户被锁定的异常
    log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + "
    is locked. " +
    "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
    }
    // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to
    your application?
    catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //认证异常,上面的异常都是它的子类
    //unexpected condition? error?
    }
    }
    //说出他们是谁:
    //say who they are:
    //打印他们的标识主体(在本例中为用户名):
    //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
    log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in
    successfully.");
    
  7. 角色检查

    //test a role:
    //是否存在某一个角色
    if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
    log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
    } else {
    log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
    }
    
  8. 权限检查,粗粒度

    //测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为
    //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
    if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
    log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
    } else {
    log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
    }
    
  9. 权限检查,细粒度

    //测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为,比上面更加的具体!
    //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
    if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
    log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license
    plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
    } else {
    log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5'
    winnebago!");
    }
    
  10. 注销操作

    //执行注销操作!
    //all done - log out!
    currentUser.logout();
    
  11. 退出系统 System.exit(0);

    OK,一个简单的Shiro程序体验,我们就在官方的带领下初步认识了!

3、SpringBoot集成

3.1、准备工作

  1. 搭建一个SpringBoot项目、选中web模块即可!

  2. 导入Maven依赖thymeleaf

    <!--thymeleaf模板-->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    1. 编写一个页面 index.html templates

      <!DOCTYPE html>
      <html lang="en"
            xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org"
            xmlns:shiro="https://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
      <head>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <title>Title</title>
      </head>
      <body>
      
      <h1>首页</h1>
      
      <p th:text="${msg}"></p>
      
      </body>
      </html>
      
      
    2. controller包下新建MyController

      package com.example.controller;
      
      import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
      import org.springframework.ui.Model;
      import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
      
      @Controller
      public class MyController {
      
          @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
          public String toIndex(Model model){
              model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
              return "index";
          }
      }
      
      1. 测试访问首页!

3.2、整合Shiro

回顾核心API:

  1. Subject:用户主体
  2. SecurityManager:安全管理器
  3. Realm:Shiro 连接数据

步骤:

  1. 导入Shiro 和 spring整合的依赖

    <!--shiro-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
  2. 编写Shiro 配置类 config包

    package com.example.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    @Configuration
    public class ShiroConfig {
        //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    
        //创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    
    
        //创建 realm 对象
    }
    
  3. 我们倒着来,先想办法创建一个 realm 对象

  4. 我们需要自定义一个 realm 的类,用来编写一些查询的方法,或者认证与授权的逻辑

    package com.example.config;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
    
    //自定义Realm
    public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    
        //执行授权逻辑
        @Override
        protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
            System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
            return null;
        }
    
        //执行认证逻辑
        @Override
        protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
            System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
            return null;
        }
    }
    
    
  5. 将这个类注册到我们的Bean中! ShiroConfig

    package com.example.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    @Configuration
    public class ShiroConfig {
        //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    
        //创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    
        //创建 realm 对象
        @Bean
        public UserRealm userRealm(){
            return new UserRealm();
        }
    }
    
  6. 接下来我们该去创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager 了

    //创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //关联Realm
        securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return securityManager;
    }
    
  7. 接下来我们该去创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean 了

    //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //设置安全管理器
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }
    

最后上完整的配置:

package com.example.config;

import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //设置安全管理器
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }


    //创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //关联Realm
        securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return securityManager;
    }

    //创建 realm 对象
    @Bean
    public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
    }
}

3.3、页面拦截实现

  1. 编写两个页面、在templates目录下新建一个 user 目录 add.html update.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>add</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>update</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    1. 编写跳转到页面的controller
    @RequestMapping("/user/add")
    public String toAdd(){
        return "user/add";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/user/update")
    public String toUpdate(){
        return "user/update";
    }
    
    1. 在index页面上,增加跳转链接
    <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
    <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
    
  2. 测试页面跳转是否OK

  3. 准备添加Shiro的内置过滤器

    //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
        @Bean
        public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
            ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
            //设置安全管理器
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
            /*
                添加Shiro内置过滤器,常用的有如下过滤器:
                    anon: 无需认证就可以访问
                    authc: 必须认证才可以访问
                    user: 如果使用了记住我功能就可以直接访问
                    perms: 拥有某个资源权限才可以访问
                    role: 拥有某个角色权限才可以访问
              */
            Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
            filterMap.put("/user/add","authc");
            filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
    
            return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
        }
    
  4. 再起启动测试,访问链接进行测试!拦截OK!但是发现,点击后会跳转到一个Login.jsp页面,这个不是我们想要的效果,我们需要自己定义一个Login页面!

  5. 我们编写一个自己的Login页面

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>登录页面</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>登录页面</h1>
    <hr>
    <form action="">
        <p>
            用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
        </p>
        <p>
            密码: <input type="text" name="password">
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="submit">
        </p>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
  6. 编写跳转的controller

    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
    return "login";
    }
    
  7. 在shiro中配置一下! ShiroFilterFactoryBean() 方法下面

    //修改到要跳转的login页面;
    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
    
  8. 再次测试,成功的跳转到了我们指定的Login页面!

  9. 优化一下代码,我们这里的拦截可以使用 通配符来操作

    Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
    //        filterMap.put("/user/add","authc");
    //        filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
    filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
    
  10. 测试,完全OK!

3.4、登录认证操作

  1. 编写一个登录的controller

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String username, String password, Model model){
        // 使用shiro, 编写认证操作
    
        // 1. 获取当前的用户
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    
        // 2.封装用户的登录数据
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
    
        //3. 执行登录的方法,只要没有异常就代表登录成功!
        try{
            subject.login(token);//登录成功!返回首页
            return "index";
        }catch(UnknownAccountException e){// 用户名不存在
            model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在");
            return "login";
        }catch(IncorrectCredentialsException e) {//密码错误
            model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
            return "login";
        }
    }
    
  2. 在前端修改对应的信息输出或者请求!
    登录页面增加一个 msg 提示:

    <p style="color:red" th:text="${msg}"></p>
    

    给表单增加一个提交地址:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en"
          xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org"
          xmlns:shiro="https://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>登录页面</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>登录页面</h1>
    <hr>
    <p style="color:red" th:text="${msg}"></p>
    <form th:action="@{/login}">
        <p>
            用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
        </p>
        <p>
            密码: <input type="text" name="password">
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="submit">
        </p>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
  3. 理论,假设我们提交了表单,他会经过我们刚才编写的UserRealm,我们提交测试一下

    image-20210516131131557

  4. 在 UserRealm 中编写用户认证的判断逻辑

    //执行认证逻辑
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
    
        //假设数据库的用户名和密码
        String name = "root";
        String password = "123456";
    
        //1.判断用户名
        UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken;
    
        if(!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
            //用户名不存在
            return null; //shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
        }
    
        //2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo
    
         // shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码!
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", password, "");
    }
    
  5. 测试一下!成功实现登录的认证操作!

3.5、整合数据库

  1. 导入Mybatis-plus相关依赖

    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.19</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
  2. 编写配置文件-连接配置 application.yml

    spring:
      datasource:
        username: root
        password: 123456
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    
        #Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的,需要自己绑定
        #druid 数据源专有配置
        initialSize: 5
        minIdle: 5
        maxActive: 20
        maxWait: 60000
        timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
        minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
        validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
        testWhileIdle: true
        testOnBorrow: false
        testOnReturn: false
        poolPreparedStatements: true
    
        #配置监控统计拦截的filters,stat:监控统计、log4j:日志记录、wall:防御sql注入
        #如果允许时报错  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
        #则导入 log4j 依赖即可,Maven 地址:https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
        filters: stat,wall,log4j
        maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
        useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
        connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
    
  3. 编写实体类,引入Lombok

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.10</version>
    </dependency>
    
    package com.example.pojo;
    
    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class User {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private String pwd;
    //    private String perms;
    }
    
    
  4. 编写Mapper接口

    //在对应的mapper上面继承基本的接口BaseMapper
    @Repository //代表持久层
    public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {
        //所有的CRUD操作都已经编写完成了
        //你不需要像以前的配置一大堆文件了
    }
    
  5. 注意点,我们需要再主启动类上去扫描我们的mapper包下的所有接口 @MapperScan("com.example.mapper")

  6. 编写UserService 层

    package com.example.service;
    
    import com.example.pojo.User;
    
    public interface UserService {
        public User queryUserByName(String name);
    }
    
    
    package com.example.service;
    
    import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
    import com.example.mapper.UserMapper;
    import com.example.pojo.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    
        @Autowired
        UserMapper userMapper;
    
        @Override
        public User queryUserByName(String name) {
            QueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
            wrapper.eq("name",name);
            return userMapper.selectOne(wrapper);
        }
    }
    
  7. 好了,一口气写了这些常规操作,可以去测试一下了,保证能够从数据库中查询出来

    package com.example;
    
    import com.example.pojo.User;
    import com.example.service.UserServiceImpl;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    
    @SpringBootTest
    class ApplicationTests {
    
        @Autowired
        UserServiceImpl userService;
        @Test
        void contextLoads() {
            User user = userService.queryUserByName("sdz");
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    
    
    }
    

    完全OK,成功查询出来了!

    image-20210516140744145

  8. 改造UserRealm,连接到数据库进行真实的操作!

    package com.example.config;
    
    import com.example.pojo.User;
    import com.example.service.UserService;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    
    //自定义Realm
    public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    
        @Autowired
        UserService userService;
        //执行授权逻辑
        @Override
        protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
            System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
            return null;
        }
    
        //执行认证逻辑
        @Override
        protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
            System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
    
    //        //假设数据库的用户名和密码
    //        String name = "root";
    //        String password = "123456";
    
            //1.判断用户名
            UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken;
    
            //真实连接数据库
            User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
    
            if(user == null){
                //用户名不存在
                return null; //shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
            }
    
            //2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo
    
             // shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码!
            return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", user.getPwd(), "");
        }
    }
    
  9. 测试,现在查询都是从数据库查询的了!

3.5 思考:密码比对原理探究

思考?这个Shiro,是怎么帮我们实现密码自动比对的呢?
我们可以去 realm的父类 AuthorizingRealm 的父类 AuthenticatingRealm 中找一个方法
核心: getCredentialsMatcher() 翻译过来:获取证书匹配器
我们去看这个接口 CredentialsMatcher 有很多的实现类,MD5盐值加密

image-20210516141242945

我们的密码一般都不能使用明文保存?需要加密处理;思路分析

  1. 如何把一个字符串加密为MD5

  2. 替换当前的Realm 的 CredentialsMatcher 属性,直接使用 Md5CredentialsMatcher 对象,并设置加密算法

3.6、用户授权操作

使用shiro的过滤器来拦截请求即可!

  1. 在ShiroFilterFactoryBean 中添加一个过滤器

    //授权过滤器
    filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]"); //大家记得注意顺序!
    
  2. 我们再次启动测试一下,访问add,发现以下错误!未授权错误!image-20210516142212178

  3. 注意:当我们实现权限拦截后,shiro会自动跳转到未授权的页面,但我们没有这个页面,所有401了

  4. 配置一个未授权的提示的页面,增加一个controller提示

     @RequestMapping("/noauth")
        @ResponseBody
        public String noAuth(){
            return "未经授权不能访问此页面";
        }
    

    然后再shiroFilterFactoryBean 中配置一个未授权的请求页面!

    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");
    
  5. 测试,现在没有授权,可以跳转到我们指定的位置了!

3.7、Shiro授权

在UserRealm 中添加授权的逻辑,增加授权的字符串!

  @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");

        //给资源进行授权
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
         //添加资源的授权字符串
        info.addStringPermission("user:add");

        return info;
    }

我们再次登录测试,发现登录的用户是可以进行访问add 页面了!授权成功!
问题,我们现在完全是硬编码,无论是谁登录上来,都可以实现授权通过,但是真实的业务情况应该是,每个用户拥有自己的一些权限,从而进行操作,所以说,权限,应该在用户的数据库中,正常的情况下,应该数据库中是由一个权限表的,我们需要联表查询,但是这里为了大家操作理解方便一些,我们直接在数据库表中增加一个字段来进行操作!

  1. 修改实体类,增加一个字段

    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class User {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private String pwd;
        private String perms;
    }
    
  2. 我们现在需要再自定义的授权认证中,获取登录的用户,从而实现动态认证授权操作!
    在用户登录授权的时候,

    • 将用户放在 Principal 中,改造下之前的代码

      return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPwd(), "");
      
    • 然后再授权的地方获得这个用户,从而获得它的权限

      //执行授权逻辑
      @Override
      protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
          System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
      
          //给资源进行授权
          SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
           //添加资源的授权字符串
          //info.addStringPermission("user:add");
      
          Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); //获得当前对象
          User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal(); //拿到User对象
          info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms()); //设置权限
      
          return info;
      }
      
  3. 我们给数据库中的用户增加一些权限

image-20210516145730262

  1. 在过滤器中,将 update 请求也进行权限拦截下

    //授权过滤器
    filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");
    filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");
    
  2. 我们启动项目,登录不同的账户,进行测试一下!

  3. 测试完美通过OK!

logout

@RequestMapping("/logout")
public String logout(){

    Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    subject.logout();
    return "index";

}

3.8、整合Thymeleaf

根据权限展示不同的前端页面

  1. 添加Maven的依赖;

    <!--
    https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.theborakompanioni/thymeleaf
    -extras-shiro -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
  2. 配置一个shiro的Dialect ,在shiroconfig的配置中增加一个Bean

    //配置ShiroDialect:方言,用于 thymeleaf 和 shiro 标签配合使用
    @Bean
    public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
    	return new ShiroDialect();
    }
    
  3. 修改前端的配置

    <div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
    	<a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
    </div>
    <div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
    	<a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
    </div>
    
  4. 我们在去测试一下,可以发现,现在首页什么都没有了,因为我们没有登录,我们可以尝试登录下,来判断这个Shiro的效果!登录后,可以看到不同的用户,有不同的效果,现在就已经接近完美了~!还不是最完美

  5. 为了完美,我们在用户登录后应该把信息放到Session中,我们完善下!在执行认证逻辑时候,加入session

    在UserRealm加入

    Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    subject.getSession().setAttribute("loginUser",user)
    
     //执行认证逻辑
        @Override
        protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
            System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
    
    //        //假设数据库的用户名和密码
    //        String name = "root";
    //        String password = "123456";
    
            //1.判断用户名
            UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken;
    
            //真实连接数据库
            User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
    
    
            if(user == null){
                //用户名不存在
                return null; //shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
            }
    
            //2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo
            Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
            subject.getSession().setAttribute("loginUser",user);
             // shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码!
            return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPwd(), "");
        }
    
  6. 前端从session中获取,然后用来判断是否显示登录

    <p th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
        <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
    </p>
    
  7. 测试,效果完美~

posted @ 2021-06-15 17:40  pxlsdz  阅读(52)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报