Shiro学习笔记
1、Shiro简介
1.1、什么是Shiro?
Apache Shiro 是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。
Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环
境。
Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/
1.2、有哪些功能?
- Authentication:身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
- Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否
进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否
具有某个权限! - Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都
在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境; - Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高
效率 - Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限
自动的传播过去
Testing:提供测试支持; - Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
- Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了
1.3、Shiro架构(外部)
从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:
- subject: 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject,
Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是
Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject其
实是一个门面,SecurityManageer 才是实际的执行者 - SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互,并且它
管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于
SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色 - Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager 要验证
用户身份,那么它需要从Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从
Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看成
1.4、Shiro架构(内部)
- Subject:任何可以与应用交互的 ‘用户’;
- Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有具体的交互
都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理者所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话,及
缓存的管理。 - Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略
(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了; - Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能
访问应用中的那些功能; - Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可
以用JDBC实现,也可以是内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm - SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用
在普通的JavaSE环境中 - CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改
变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能; - Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密,解密等
2、HelloWorld
2.1、快速实践
查看官网文档:http://shiro.apache.org/tutorial.html
官方的quickstart:https://github.com/apache/shiro/tree/master/samples/quickstart/
- 创建一个maven父工程,用于学习Shiro,删掉不必要的东西
- 创建一个普通的Maven子工程:shiro-01-helloworld
- 根据官方文档,我们来导入Shiro的依赖
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- configure logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 编写Shiro配置
log4j.properties
resources/log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
resources/shiro.ini
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
- 编写我们的QuickStrat
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.ini.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.lang.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
*
* @since 0.9 RC2
*/
public class Quickstart {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
// get the currently executing user:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
System.exit(0);
}
}
- 测试运行一下
2020-11-04 09:13:59,275 INFO [org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager] - Enabling session validation scheduler...
2020-11-04 09:14:00,629 INFO [Quickstart] - Retrieved the correct value! [aValue]
2020-11-04 09:14:00,630 INFO [Quickstart] - User [lonestarr] logged in successfully.
2020-11-04 09:14:00,631 INFO [Quickstart] - May the Schwartz be with you!
2020-11-04 09:14:00,631 INFO [Quickstart] - You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.
2020-11-04 09:14:00,632 INFO [Quickstart] - You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. Here are the keys - have fun!
- 如果报错,则导入一下 commons-logging 的依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -
->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
-
发现,执行完毕什么都没有,可能是maven依赖中的作用域问题,我们需要将scope作用域删掉,
默认是在test,然后重启,那么我们的quickstart就结束了,默认的日志消息! -
开始解释!
2.2、阅读代码
-
导入了一堆包!
-
类的描述
/** * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API. * 简单的快速启动应用程序,演示如何使用Shiro的API。 */
-
通过工厂模式创建SecurityManager的实例对象
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config. // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and // return a SecurityManager instance: // 使用类路径根目录下的shiro.ini文件 // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively): Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini"); SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance(); // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager // accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for // webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel // for things. SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); // 现在已经建立了一个简单的Shiro环境,让我们看看您可以做什么: // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
-
获取当前的Subject
// get the currently executing user: 获取当前正在执行的用户 Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
-
session的操作
// 用会话做一些事情(不需要web或EJB容器!!!) // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!) Session session = currentUser.getSession(); //获得session session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); //设置Session的值! String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); //从session中获取 值 if (value.equals("aValue")) { //判断session中是否存在这个值! log.info("==Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]"); }
-
用户认证功能
// 测试当前的用户是否已经被认证,即是否已经登录! // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions: if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { // isAuthenticated();是否认证 //将用户名和密码封装为 UsernamePasswordToken ; UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa"); token.setRememberMe(true); //记住我功能 try { currentUser.login(token); //执行登录,可以登录成功的! } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { //如果没有指定的用户,则 UnknownAccountException异常 log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal()); } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { //密码不对的异常! log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!"); } catch (LockedAccountException lae) { //用户被锁定的异常 log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " + "Please contact your administrator to unlock it."); } // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application? catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //认证异常,上面的异常都是它的子类 //unexpected condition? error? } } //说出他们是谁: //say who they are: //打印他们的标识主体(在本例中为用户名): //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username): log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
-
角色检查
//test a role: //是否存在某一个角色 if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) { log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!"); } else { log.info("Hello, mere mortal."); }
-
权限检查,粗粒度
//测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为 //test a typed permission (not instance-level) if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) { log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely."); } else { log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only."); }
-
权限检查,细粒度
//测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为,比上面更加的具体! //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission: if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) { log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " + "Here are the keys - have fun!"); } else { log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!"); }
-
注销操作
//执行注销操作! //all done - log out! currentUser.logout();
-
退出系统 System.exit(0);
OK,一个简单的Shiro程序体验,我们就在官方的带领下初步认识了!
3、SpringBoot集成
3.1、准备工作
-
搭建一个SpringBoot项目、选中web模块即可!
-
导入Maven依赖thymeleaf
<!--thymeleaf模板--> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId> </dependency>
-
编写一个页面 index.html
templates
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:shiro="https://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>首页</h1> <p th:text="${msg}"></p> </body> </html>
-
controller
包下新建MyController
package com.example.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class MyController { @RequestMapping({"/","/index"}) public String toIndex(Model model){ model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro"); return "index"; } }
- 测试访问首页!
-
3.2、整合Shiro
回顾核心API:
- Subject:用户主体
- SecurityManager:安全管理器
- Realm:Shiro 连接数据
步骤:
-
导入Shiro 和 spring整合的依赖
<!--shiro--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId> <version>1.4.1</version> </dependency>
-
编写Shiro 配置类 config包
package com.example.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class ShiroConfig { //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean //创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager //创建 realm 对象 }
-
我们倒着来,先想办法创建一个 realm 对象
-
我们需要自定义一个 realm 的类,用来编写一些查询的方法,或者认证与授权的逻辑
package com.example.config; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken; import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm; import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection; //自定义Realm public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { //执行授权逻辑 @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) { System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection"); return null; } //执行认证逻辑 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken"); return null; } }
-
将这个类注册到我们的Bean中! ShiroConfig
package com.example.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class ShiroConfig { //创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean //创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager //创建 realm 对象 @Bean public UserRealm userRealm(){ return new UserRealm(); } }
-
接下来我们该去创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager 了
//创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager @Bean(name = "securityManager") public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){ DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); //关联Realm securityManager.setRealm(userRealm); return securityManager; }
-
接下来我们该去创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean 了
//创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean @Bean public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){ ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); //设置安全管理器 shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager); return shiroFilterFactoryBean; }
最后上完整的配置:
package com.example.config;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
//创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//关联Realm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return securityManager;
}
//创建 realm 对象
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
}
3.3、页面拦截实现
-
编写两个页面、在templates目录下新建一个 user 目录 add.html update.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>add</h1> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>update</h1> </body> </html>
- 编写跳转到页面的controller
@RequestMapping("/user/add") public String toAdd(){ return "user/add"; } @RequestMapping("/user/update") public String toUpdate(){ return "user/update"; }
- 在index页面上,增加跳转链接
<a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a> <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
-
测试页面跳转是否OK
-
准备添加Shiro的内置过滤器
//创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean @Bean public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){ ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); //设置安全管理器 shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager); /* 添加Shiro内置过滤器,常用的有如下过滤器: anon: 无需认证就可以访问 authc: 必须认证才可以访问 user: 如果使用了记住我功能就可以直接访问 perms: 拥有某个资源权限才可以访问 role: 拥有某个角色权限才可以访问 */ Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); filterMap.put("/user/add","authc"); filterMap.put("/user/update","authc"); shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap); return shiroFilterFactoryBean; }
-
再起启动测试,访问链接进行测试!拦截OK!但是发现,点击后会跳转到一个Login.jsp页面,这个不是我们想要的效果,我们需要自己定义一个Login页面!
-
我们编写一个自己的Login页面
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>登录页面</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录页面</h1> <hr> <form action=""> <p> 用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> </p> <p> 密码: <input type="text" name="password"> </p> <p> <input type="submit"> </p> </form> </body> </html>
-
编写跳转的controller
@RequestMapping("/toLogin") public String toLogin(){ return "login"; }
-
在shiro中配置一下!
ShiroFilterFactoryBean()
方法下面//修改到要跳转的login页面; shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
-
再次测试,成功的跳转到了我们指定的Login页面!
-
优化一下代码,我们这里的拦截可以使用 通配符来操作
Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); // filterMap.put("/user/add","authc"); // filterMap.put("/user/update","authc"); filterMap.put("/user/*","authc"); shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
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测试,完全OK!
3.4、登录认证操作
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编写一个登录的controller
@RequestMapping("/login") public String login(String username, String password, Model model){ // 使用shiro, 编写认证操作 // 1. 获取当前的用户 Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); // 2.封装用户的登录数据 UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password); //3. 执行登录的方法,只要没有异常就代表登录成功! try{ subject.login(token);//登录成功!返回首页 return "index"; }catch(UnknownAccountException e){// 用户名不存在 model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在"); return "login"; }catch(IncorrectCredentialsException e) {//密码错误 model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误"); return "login"; } }
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在前端修改对应的信息输出或者请求!
登录页面增加一个 msg 提示:<p style="color:red" th:text="${msg}"></p>
给表单增加一个提交地址:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:shiro="https://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>登录页面</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录页面</h1> <hr> <p style="color:red" th:text="${msg}"></p> <form th:action="@{/login}"> <p> 用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> </p> <p> 密码: <input type="text" name="password"> </p> <p> <input type="submit"> </p> </form> </body> </html>
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理论,假设我们提交了表单,他会经过我们刚才编写的UserRealm,我们提交测试一下
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在 UserRealm 中编写用户认证的判断逻辑
//执行认证逻辑 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken"); //假设数据库的用户名和密码 String name = "root"; String password = "123456"; //1.判断用户名 UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken; if(!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){ //用户名不存在 return null; //shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException } //2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo // shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码! return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", password, ""); }
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测试一下!成功实现登录的认证操作!
3.5、整合数据库
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导入Mybatis-plus相关依赖
<dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.19</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.1.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.4.0</version> </dependency>
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编写配置文件-连接配置 application.yml
spring: datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的,需要自己绑定 #druid 数据源专有配置 initialSize: 5 minIdle: 5 maxActive: 20 maxWait: 60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000 minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000 validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL testWhileIdle: true testOnBorrow: false testOnReturn: false poolPreparedStatements: true #配置监控统计拦截的filters,stat:监控统计、log4j:日志记录、wall:防御sql注入 #如果允许时报错 java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority #则导入 log4j 依赖即可,Maven 地址:https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j filters: stat,wall,log4j maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20 useGlobalDataSourceStat: true connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
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编写实体类,引入Lombok
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.10</version> </dependency>
package com.example.pojo; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class User { private int id; private String name; private String pwd; // private String perms; }
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编写Mapper接口
//在对应的mapper上面继承基本的接口BaseMapper @Repository //代表持久层 public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> { //所有的CRUD操作都已经编写完成了 //你不需要像以前的配置一大堆文件了 }
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注意点,我们需要再主启动类上去扫描我们的mapper包下的所有接口
@MapperScan("com.example.mapper")
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编写UserService 层
package com.example.service; import com.example.pojo.User; public interface UserService { public User queryUserByName(String name); }
package com.example.service; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper; import com.example.mapper.UserMapper; import com.example.pojo.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{ @Autowired UserMapper userMapper; @Override public User queryUserByName(String name) { QueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>(); wrapper.eq("name",name); return userMapper.selectOne(wrapper); } }
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好了,一口气写了这些常规操作,可以去测试一下了,保证能够从数据库中查询出来
package com.example; import com.example.pojo.User; import com.example.service.UserServiceImpl; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; @SpringBootTest class ApplicationTests { @Autowired UserServiceImpl userService; @Test void contextLoads() { User user = userService.queryUserByName("sdz"); System.out.println(user); } }
完全OK,成功查询出来了!
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改造UserRealm,连接到数据库进行真实的操作!
package com.example.config; import com.example.pojo.User; import com.example.service.UserService; import org.apache.shiro.authc.*; import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm; import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; //自定义Realm public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { @Autowired UserService userService; //执行授权逻辑 @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) { System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection"); return null; } //执行认证逻辑 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken"); // //假设数据库的用户名和密码 // String name = "root"; // String password = "123456"; //1.判断用户名 UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken; //真实连接数据库 User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername()); if(user == null){ //用户名不存在 return null; //shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException } //2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo // shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码! return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", user.getPwd(), ""); } }
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测试,现在查询都是从数据库查询的了!
3.5 思考:密码比对原理探究
思考?这个Shiro,是怎么帮我们实现密码自动比对的呢?
我们可以去 realm的父类 AuthorizingRealm
的父类 AuthenticatingRealm
中找一个方法
核心: getCredentialsMatcher()
翻译过来:获取证书匹配器
我们去看这个接口 CredentialsMatcher
有很多的实现类,MD5盐值加密
我们的密码一般都不能使用明文保存?需要加密处理;思路分析
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如何把一个字符串加密为MD5
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替换当前的Realm 的 CredentialsMatcher 属性,直接使用 Md5CredentialsMatcher 对象,并设置加密算法
3.6、用户授权操作
使用shiro的过滤器来拦截请求即可!
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在ShiroFilterFactoryBean 中添加一个过滤器
//授权过滤器 filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]"); //大家记得注意顺序!
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我们再次启动测试一下,访问add,发现以下错误!未授权错误!
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注意:当我们实现权限拦截后,shiro会自动跳转到未授权的页面,但我们没有这个页面,所有401了
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配置一个未授权的提示的页面,增加一个controller提示
@RequestMapping("/noauth") @ResponseBody public String noAuth(){ return "未经授权不能访问此页面"; }
然后再
shiroFilterFactoryBean
中配置一个未授权的请求页面!shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");
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测试,现在没有授权,可以跳转到我们指定的位置了!
3.7、Shiro授权
在UserRealm 中添加授权的逻辑,增加授权的字符串!
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
//给资源进行授权
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//添加资源的授权字符串
info.addStringPermission("user:add");
return info;
}
我们再次登录测试,发现登录的用户是可以进行访问add 页面了!授权成功!
问题,我们现在完全是硬编码,无论是谁登录上来,都可以实现授权通过,但是真实的业务情况应该是,每个用户拥有自己的一些权限,从而进行操作,所以说,权限,应该在用户的数据库中,正常的情况下,应该数据库中是由一个权限表的,我们需要联表查询,但是这里为了大家操作理解方便一些,我们直接在数据库表中增加一个字段来进行操作!
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修改实体类,增加一个字段
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class User { private int id; private String name; private String pwd; private String perms; }
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我们现在需要再自定义的授权认证中,获取登录的用户,从而实现动态认证授权操作!
在用户登录授权的时候,-
将用户放在 Principal 中,改造下之前的代码
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPwd(), "");
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然后再授权的地方获得这个用户,从而获得它的权限
//执行授权逻辑 @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) { System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection"); //给资源进行授权 SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(); //添加资源的授权字符串 //info.addStringPermission("user:add"); Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); //获得当前对象 User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal(); //拿到User对象 info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms()); //设置权限 return info; }
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我们给数据库中的用户增加一些权限
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在过滤器中,将 update 请求也进行权限拦截下
//授权过滤器 filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]"); filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");
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我们启动项目,登录不同的账户,进行测试一下!
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测试完美通过OK!
logout
@RequestMapping("/logout")
public String logout(){
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.logout();
return "index";
}
3.8、整合Thymeleaf
根据权限展示不同的前端页面
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添加Maven的依赖;
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.theborakompanioni/thymeleaf -extras-shiro --> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> </dependency>
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配置一个shiro的Dialect ,在
shiroconfig
的配置中增加一个Bean//配置ShiroDialect:方言,用于 thymeleaf 和 shiro 标签配合使用 @Bean public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){ return new ShiroDialect(); }
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修改前端的配置
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add"> <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a> </div> <div shiro:hasPermission="user:update"> <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a> </div>
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我们在去测试一下,可以发现,现在首页什么都没有了,因为我们没有登录,我们可以尝试登录下,来判断这个Shiro的效果!登录后,可以看到不同的用户,有不同的效果,现在就已经接近完美了~!还不是最完美
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为了完美,我们在用户登录后应该把信息放到Session中,我们完善下!在执行认证逻辑时候,加入session
在UserRealm加入
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); subject.getSession().setAttribute("loginUser",user)
//执行认证逻辑 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken"); // //假设数据库的用户名和密码 // String name = "root"; // String password = "123456"; //1.判断用户名 UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken; //真实连接数据库 User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername()); if(user == null){ //用户名不存在 return null; //shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException } //2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); subject.getSession().setAttribute("loginUser",user); // shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码! return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPwd(), ""); }
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前端从session中获取,然后用来判断是否显示登录
<p th:if="${session.loginUser==null}"> <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a> </p>
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测试,效果完美~