http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn/archive/2009/03/11/3978874.aspx
序列化是将对象状态转换为可保持或传输的格式的过程。与序列化相对的是反序列化,它将流转换为对象。这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储和传输数据。例如,可以序列化一个对象,然后使用 HTTP 通过 Internet 在客户端和服务器之间传输该对象。反之,反序列化根据流重新构造对象。此外还可以将对象序列化后保存到本地,再次运行的时候可以从本地文件中“恢复”对象到序列化之前的状态。
在.net中有提供了几种序列化的方式:
二进制序列化
XML序列化
SOAP序列化
二进制序列化
所谓二进制序列化,指的是对象序列化之后是二进制形式的。二进制序列化是通过BinaryFormatter类来实现的,这个类位于System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary命名空间下。
XML序列化
所谓XML序列化,是指对象序列化之后的结果是XML形式的。保存XML序列化是通过XmlSerializer 类来实现的, 这个类位于System.Xml.Serialization命名空间下。
SOAP序列化
所谓SOAP序列化是指对象序列化之后的结果符合SOAP协议,也就是可以通过SOAP协议传输(不知道SOAP协议?百度一下吧)。SOAP序列化是通过SoapFormatter类来实现的,这个类位于System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap命名空间下,并且需要注意需要手动添加对这个命名空间的引用,如下图所示:
下面编写一个类用于序列化和反序列化,这个类的代码如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace MySerializeDemo
{
[Serializable]
/// <summary>
/// 要序列化的对象
/// 作者:周公
/// 编写时间:2009-03-10
/// </summary>
public class MyObject
{
//[NonSerialized]
private string name;
private DateTime birthday;
private string homePlace;
/// <summary>
/// 出生地
/// </summary>
public string HomePlace
{
get { return homePlace; }
set { homePlace = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 生日
/// </summary>
public DateTime Birthday
{
get { return birthday; }
set { birthday = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 姓名
/// </summary>
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { name = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 年龄
/// </summary>
public int Age
{
get { return DateTime.Now.Year - birthday.Year; }
}
/// <summary>
/// override了ToString()方法
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("姓名:{0},生日:{1},出生地:{2},年龄:{3}",name,birthday,homePlace,Age);
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace MySerializeDemo
{
[Serializable]
/// <summary>
/// 要序列化的对象
/// 作者:周公
/// 编写时间:2009-03-10
/// </summary>
public class MyObject
{
//[NonSerialized]
private string name;
private DateTime birthday;
private string homePlace;
/// <summary>
/// 出生地
/// </summary>
public string HomePlace
{
get { return homePlace; }
set { homePlace = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 生日
/// </summary>
public DateTime Birthday
{
get { return birthday; }
set { birthday = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 姓名
/// </summary>
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { name = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 年龄
/// </summary>
public int Age
{
get { return DateTime.Now.Year - birthday.Year; }
}
/// <summary>
/// override了ToString()方法
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("姓名:{0},生日:{1},出生地:{2},年龄:{3}",name,birthday,homePlace,Age);
}
}
}
下面是分别用上面的三个类进行序列化和反序列化的代码:
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01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.IO;
05.using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters;
06.using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
07.using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
08.using System.Xml.Serialization;
09.
10.namespace MySerializeDemo
11.{
12. class Program
13. {
14. static void Main(string[] args)
15. {
16. MyObject obj = new MyObject();
17. obj.Birthday = new DateTime(1979, 11, 7);
18. obj.HomePlace = "湖北";
19. obj.Name = "周公";
20. Console.WriteLine("========使用BinaryFormatter类进行序列化和反序列化。====");
21. BinarySerialize(obj);
22. BinaryDeserialize("C:\\MyObject.dat");
23. Console.WriteLine("========使用SoapFormatter类进行序列化和反序列化。====");
24. SOAPSerialize(obj);
25. SOAPDeserialize("C:\\MyObject.soap");
26. Console.WriteLine("========使用XmlSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化。====");
27. XMLSerialize(obj);
28. XMLDeserialize("C:\\MyObject.xml");
29. }
30. /// <summary>
31. /// 二进制序列化对象
32. /// </summary>
33. /// <param name="obj"></param>
34. public static void BinarySerialize(MyObject obj)
35. {
36. using (FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\MyObject.dat", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
37. {
38. BinaryFormatter formater = new BinaryFormatter();
39. formater.Serialize(stream, obj);
40. Console.WriteLine("对象已经被序列化。" + obj.ToString());
41. }
42. }
43. /// <summary>
44. /// 二进制反序列化
45. /// </summary>
46. /// <param name="fileName"></param>
47. public static void BinaryDeserialize(string fileName)
48. {
49. using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
50. {
51. BinaryFormatter formater = new BinaryFormatter();
52. MyObject obj=(MyObject)formater.Deserialize(stream);
53. Console.WriteLine("对象已经被反序列化。" + obj.ToString());
54. }
55. }
56.
57. /// <summary>
58. /// 二进制序列化对象
59. /// </summary>
60. /// <param name="obj"></param>
61. public static void SOAPSerialize(MyObject obj)
62. {
63. using (FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\MyObject.soap", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
64. {
65. SoapFormatter formater = new SoapFormatter();
66. formater.Serialize(stream, obj);
67. Console.WriteLine("对象已经被序列化。" + obj.ToString());
68. }
69. }
70. /// <summary>
71. /// 二进制反序列化
72. /// </summary>
73. /// <param name="fileName"></param>
74. public static void SOAPDeserialize(string fileName)
75. {
76. using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
77. {
78. SoapFormatter formater = new SoapFormatter();
79. MyObject obj = (MyObject)formater.Deserialize(stream);
80. Console.WriteLine("对象已经被反序列化。" + obj.ToString());
81. }
82. }
83. /// <summary>
84. /// XML序列化
85. /// </summary>
86. /// <param name="obj"></param>
87. public static void XMLSerialize(MyObject obj)
88. {
89. using (FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\MyObject.xml", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
90. {
91. XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyObject));
92. serializer.Serialize(stream, obj);
93. Console.WriteLine("对象已经被序列化。" + obj.ToString());
94. }
95. }
96. /// <summary>
97. /// XML反序列化
98. /// </summary>
99. /// <param name="fileName"></param>
100. public static void XMLDeserialize(string fileName)
101. {
102. using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
103. {
104. XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyObject));
105. MyObject obj = (MyObject)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
106. Console.WriteLine("对象已经被反序列化。" + obj.ToString());
107. }
108. }
109. }
110.}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace MySerializeDemo
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MyObject obj = new MyObject();
obj.Birthday = new DateTime(1979, 11, 7);
obj.HomePlace = "湖北";
obj.Name = "周公";
Console.WriteLine("========使用BinaryFormatter类进行序列化和反序列化。====");
BinarySerialize(obj);
BinaryDeserialize("C:\\MyObject.dat");
Console.WriteLine("========使用SoapFormatter类进行序列化和反序列化。====");
SOAPSerialize(obj);
SOAPDeserialize("C:\\MyObject.soap");
Console.WriteLine("========使用XmlSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化。====");
XMLSerialize(obj);
XMLDeserialize("C:\\MyObject.xml");
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制序列化对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
public static void BinarySerialize(MyObject obj)
{
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\MyObject.dat", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
BinaryFormatter formater = new BinaryFormatter();
formater.Serialize(stream, obj);
Console.WriteLine("对象已经被序列化。" + obj.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName"></param>
public static void BinaryDeserialize(string fileName)
{
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
BinaryFormatter formater = new BinaryFormatter();
MyObject obj=(MyObject)formater.Deserialize(stream);
Console.WriteLine("对象已经被反序列化。" + obj.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制序列化对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
public static void SOAPSerialize(MyObject obj)
{
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\MyObject.soap", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
SoapFormatter formater = new SoapFormatter();
formater.Serialize(stream, obj);
Console.WriteLine("对象已经被序列化。" + obj.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName"></param>
public static void SOAPDeserialize(string fileName)
{
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
SoapFormatter formater = new SoapFormatter();
MyObject obj = (MyObject)formater.Deserialize(stream);
Console.WriteLine("对象已经被反序列化。" + obj.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// XML序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
public static void XMLSerialize(MyObject obj)
{
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\MyObject.xml", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyObject));
serializer.Serialize(stream, obj);
Console.WriteLine("对象已经被序列化。" + obj.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// XML反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName"></param>
public static void XMLDeserialize(string fileName)
{
using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyObject));
MyObject obj = (MyObject)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
Console.WriteLine("对象已经被反序列化。" + obj.ToString());
}
}
}
}
这个程序的运行效果如下:
可见通过上面三个类都能实现将对象序列化保存,并且都能反序列化还原到对象被序列化之前的状态(这正是序列化意义所在,能保存对象运行时的状态并且还能还原)。如果运行上面的代码会在C盘根目录下创建三个文件,分别是MyObject.dat、MyObject.soap和MyObject.xml文件,因为MyObject.dat是二进制文件,所以无法查看文件的内容,但是我们可以打开MyObject.soap和MyObject.xml这两个文件来比较一下有什么区别。
MyObject.soap文件的后缀虽然是.soap,但是还是可以用记事本打开的,下面是MyObject.soap文件的内容:
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01.<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:clr="http://schemas.microsoft.com/soap/encoding/clr/1.0" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
02.<SOAP-ENV:Body>
03.<a1:MyObject id="ref-1" xmlns:a1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/MySerializeDemo/MySerializeDemo%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull">
04.<name id="ref-3">周公</name>
05.<birthday>1979-11-07T00:00:00.0000000+08:00</birthday>
06.<homePlace id="ref-4">湖北</homePlace>
07.</a1:MyObject>
08.</SOAP-ENV:Body>
09.</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:clr="http://schemas.microsoft.com/soap/encoding/clr/1.0" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<a1:MyObject id="ref-1" xmlns:a1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/MySerializeDemo/MySerializeDemo%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull">
<name id="ref-3">周公</name>
<birthday>1979-11-07T00:00:00.0000000+08:00</birthday>
<homePlace id="ref-4">湖北</homePlace>
</a1:MyObject>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
MyObject.xml文件也可以用记事本打开,它的内容如下:
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01.<?xml version="1.0"?>
02.<MyObject xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
03. <HomePlace>湖北</HomePlace>
04. <Birthday>1979-11-07T00:00:00</Birthday>
05. <Name>周公</Name>
06.</MyObject>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<MyObject xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<HomePlace>湖北</HomePlace>
<Birthday>1979-11-07T00:00:00</Birthday>
<Name>周公</Name>
</MyObject>
熟悉SOAP协议的朋友一看MyObject.soap文件的内容就知道它符合SOAP协议,MyObject.xml文件毫无疑问是一个符合XML规范的文件。
对代码作几点说明:
1、如果采用BinaryFormatter类或者SoapFormatter类来实现序列化,则一定要给类加上Serializable属性,如代码中所示:
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01.[Serializable]
02. /// <summary>
03. /// 要序列化的对象
04. /// 作者:周公
05. /// 编写时间:2009-03-10
06. /// </summary>
07. public class MyObject
[Serializable]
/// <summary>
/// 要序列化的对象
/// 作者:周公
/// 编写时间:2009-03-10
/// </summary>
public class MyObject
如果不给要序列化的对象加上这个属性,那么采用采用BinaryFormatter类或者SoapFormatter类来实现序列化时会报异常,但使用XmlSerializer 类序列化对象时可以不用这个属性。
2、另外,如果不想序列化某个字段,可以给其加上NonSerialized属性,这样在序列化时就不会保存这个这个字段的值了,比如不想序列化name这个字段,可以如下写代码:
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01.…//其它代码
02.//[NonSerialized]
03.private string name;
04.…//其它代码
…//其它代码
//[NonSerialized]
private string name;
…//其它代码
再次运行刚才的程序会得到如下效果:
看有黄色底线部分,因为name字段不被序列化,所以通过二进制序列化和SOAP序列化之后再反序化就得不到原来的值了。
3、最后还需要说明一点的是,SoapFormatter类在.net3.5开始已经过时了,微软建议使用BinaryFormatter类来序列化和反序列化了。
周公
2009-03-11 0:17
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