http://www.qqgb.com/Program/CCC/CCCnetprogram/Program_91487.html

 

Visual C#是微软公司推出的下一代程序开发语言。他不仅具有Visual C++功能强大的特点,又具有Visual Basic的简洁,易上手的特点。所以一经推出,就收到了广大程序开发人员的欢迎。Visual C#和Visual C++的一个明显的区别在于,Visual C#本身是没有类库的,而Visual C++却是自身就带有类库。Visual C#虽然没有类库,但作为.Net框架中的一个十分重要的开发语言。他可以使用.Net框架提供的一个通用的软件开发包--.Net FrameWork SDK。这个软件开发包可以说是Visual C#功能的延伸,Visual C#就是通过他实现了自身无法实现的很多功能。本文就是来介绍Visual C#如何利用这个软件开发包来发送电子邮件的。

一.软件开发和运行的环境设置

I > .视窗系统2000服务器版

II > ..Net FrameWork SDK Beta 2版

III > .打开"控制面板",进入"添加和删除程序",然后再点击"添加/删除Windows组件",就可以看见以下界面:



图01:系统配置界面



点中"Internet信息服务( IIS )",然后点击"详细信息",可得到如下界面:



  图02:系统配置界面



点中选择"SMTP Serverce"选项,然后按"确定"按钮。再按"下一步"按钮,则系统在重新启动后,就会安装好运行本文程序所需要的SMTP Service了。

二.Visual C#如何发送电子邮件:

在.Net FrameWork SDK Beta 2版中,有一个叫做System.Web.Mail的名称空间,在这个名称空间中封装发送电子邮件的方法、对象和属性。Visual C#就是通过调用此名称空间中的方法、对象和属性,发送电子邮件的。在本文中,发送电子邮件主要用到了二个对象:一个是MailMessage对象,此对象主要是封装电子邮件的各个属性,即所谓的发信人,收信人,信件的主题,信件的内容和信件的附件等。另外一个是SmtpMail对象,这个对象的最大作用是把已经定义好各个属性的MailMessage对象给发送出去,而完成此功能,就需要调用SmtpMail对象的Send ( )方法。

三.在Visual C#中正确使用发送电子邮件相关的对象: 

(1).要调用对象,当然首先就要在程序的最前面导入封装对象的名称空间,具体如下:

using System.Web.Mail ;

(2).正确定义MailMessage对象的属性:

MailMessage对象中和电子邮件相关的属性可以用下表来表示:

属性名称 代表意义
From 源地址
To 目的地址
Subject 邮件主题
Priority 邮件优先级 ( High , Low , Normal )
Attachments 附件
Bcc 暗送地址
Cc 抄送地址
Body 邮件内容主体
Bodyformat 邮件格式( Html , Text )
Bodyencoding 邮件编码( Base64 , Uuencode )



在程序中,具体的实现语句如下:

MailMessage aMessage = new MailMessage ( ) ;

//新建一个MailMessage对象

aMessage.From = FromTextBox.Text ;

//定义发信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

aMessage.To = ToTextBox.Text ;

//定义收信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

aMessage.Cc = CCTextBox.Text ;

//定义抄送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

aMessage.Bcc = BCCTextBox.Text ;

//定义暗送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

aMessage.Subject = SubjectTextBox.Text ;

//定义邮件的主题

aMessage.Body = MessageTextBox.Text ;

//定义邮件的内容

if ( AttachmentTextBox.Text.Length > 0 )

aMessage.Attachments.Add ( new MailAttachment ( AttachmentTextBox.Text , MailEncoding.Base64 ) ) ;

//给邮件增加一个附件



注:"="右边是程序中定义的文本框的"Text"值。 

(3).用SmtpMail对象正确发送电子邮件:

在Visual C#中调用SmtpMail对象的Send ( )方法有多种方式。本文介绍的只是其中的一种比较常用的调用方式,即:SmtpMail.Send ( MailMessage对象 )。

在程序中的实现语句如下:

SmtpMail.Send ( aMessage ) ;

四.本文源程序代码( Send.cs )以及程序运行界面:

下图是编译好的程序的运行界面:



图03:Send.cs程序运行界面




 

以下是Send.cs源程序代码:

using System ;

using System.Drawing ;

using System.Collections ;

using System.ComponentModel ;

using System.Windows.Forms ;

using System.Data ;

using System.Web ;

using System.Web.Mail ;

//导入程序中使用到的名称空间

public class Form1 : Form

{

  private Label label1 ;

  private Label label2 ;

  private Label label3 ;

  private Button SendButton ;

  private Button ExitButton ;

  private TextBox FromTextBox ;

  private TextBox ToTextBox ;

  private TextBox SubjectTextBox ;

  private TextBox MessageTextBox ;

  private TextBox CCTextBox ;

  private Label CCLabel ;

  private TextBox BCCTextBox ;

  private Label label4 ;

  private Label label5 ;

  private Button BrowseButton ;

  private OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1 ;

  private TextBox AttachmentTextBox ;

  private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ;

  public Form1 ( )

  {

  InitializeComponent ( ) ;

  }

  //清除在程序中使用的所有资源

  protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing )

  {

if ( disposing )

{

  if ( components != null )

  {

components.Dispose ( ) ;

  }

}

base.Dispose ( disposing ) ;

  }

  private void InitializeComponent ( )

  {

MessageTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

ToTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

SendButton = new Button ( ) ;

ExitButton = new Button ( ) ;

FromTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

label1 = new Label ( ) ;

SubjectTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

label2 = new Label ( ) ;

label3 = new Label ( ) ;

CCTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

CCLabel = new Label ( ) ;

BCCTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

label4 = new Label ( ) ;

label5 = new Label ( ) ;

AttachmentTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ;

BrowseButton = new Button ( ) ;

openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog ( ) ;

FromTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 16 ) ;

FromTextBox.Name = "FromTextBox" ;

FromTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ;

FromTextBox.TabIndex = 0 ;

FromTextBox.Text = "" ;

ToTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 53 ) ;

ToTextBox.Name = "ToTextBox" ;

ToTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ;

ToTextBox.Text = "" ;

ToTextBox.TabIndex = 1 ;

CCTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 88 ) ;

CCTextBox.Name = "CCTextBox" ;

CCTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ;

CCTextBox.TabIndex = 2 ;

CCTextBox.Text = "" ;

BCCTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 120 ) ;

BCCTextBox.Name = "BCCTextBox" ;

BCCTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ;

BCCTextBox.TabIndex = 3 ;

BCCTextBox.Text = "" ;

SubjectTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 152 ) ;

SubjectTextBox.Name = "SubjectTextBox" ;

SubjectTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ;

SubjectTextBox.TabIndex = 4 ;

SubjectTextBox.Text = "" ;

AttachmentTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 184 ) ;

AttachmentTextBox.Name = "AttachmentTextBox" ;

AttachmentTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 168 , 20 ) ;

AttachmentTextBox.TabIndex = 5 ;

AttachmentTextBox.Text = "" ;

MessageTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 8 , 216 ) ;

MessageTextBox.Multiline = true ;

MessageTextBox.Name = "MessageTextBox" ;

MessageTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 320 , 152 ) ;

MessageTextBox.Text = "" ;

MessageTextBox.TabIndex = 6 ;

BrowseButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 280 , 184 ) ;

BrowseButton.Name = "BrowseButton";

BrowseButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 56 , 24 ) ;

BrowseButton.Text = "浏览文件" ;

BrowseButton.TabIndex = 7 ;

BrowseButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( BrowseButton_Click ) ;

SendButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 64 , 380 ) ;

SendButton.Name = "SendButton" ;

SendButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 72 , 24 ) ;

SendButton.Text = "发送邮件" ;

SendButton.TabIndex = 8 ;

SendButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( SendButton_Click ) ;

ExitButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 200 , 380 ) ;

ExitButton.Name = "ExitButton" ;

ExitButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 72 , 24 ) ;

ExitButton.Text = "退出程序";

ExitButton.TabIndex = 9 ;

ExitButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( ExitButton_Click ) ;

label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋体", 9F );

label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 16 ) ;

label1.Name = "label1" ;

label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ;

label1.Text = "发信人:" ;

label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋体", 9F );

label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 53 ) ;

label2.Name = "label2" ;

label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ;

label2.Text = "收信人:" ;

label3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋体", 9F ) ;

label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 152 ) ;

label3.Name = "label3" ;

label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ;

label3.Text = "主 题:" ;

CCLabel.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋体", 9F ) ;

CCLabel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 88 ) ;

CCLabel.Name = "CCLabel" ;

CCLabel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ;

CCLabel.Text = "抄 送:" ;

label4.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋体", 9F ) ;

label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 120 ) ;

label4.Name = "label4" ;

label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ;

label4.Text = "暗 送:" ;

label5.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋体", 9F ) ;

label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 184 ) ;

label5.Name = "label5" ;

label5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ;

label5.Text = "附 件:" ;

openFileDialog1.Title = "选择文件作为邮件的附件:" ;

this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size ( 5 , 13 ) ;

this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size ( 344 , 413 ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( BrowseButton ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( AttachmentTextBox ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( label5 ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( label4 ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( BCCTextBox ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( CCLabel ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( CCTextBox ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( ExitButton ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( SendButton ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( label3 ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( label2 ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( label1 ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( SubjectTextBox ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( ToTextBox ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( FromTextBox ) ;

this.Controls.Add ( MessageTextBox ) ;

this.Name = "Form1" ;

this.Text = "用Visual C#做邮件发送软件!" ;

this.ResumeLayout ( false );

  }

  static void Main ( )

  {

Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ;

  }

  private void SendButton_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )

  {

try

{

  MailMessage aMessage = new MailMessage ( ) ;

  //新建一个MailMessage对象

  aMessage.From = FromTextBox.Text ;

  //定义发信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

  aMessage.To = ToTextBox.Text ;

  //定义收信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

  aMessage.Cc = CCTextBox.Text ;

  //定义抄送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

  aMessage.Bcc = BCCTextBox.Text ;

  //定义暗送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分开

  aMessage.Subject = SubjectTextBox.Text ;

  //定义邮件的主题

  aMessage.Body = MessageTextBox.Text ;

  //定义邮件的内容

  if ( AttachmentTextBox.Text.Length > 0 )

aMessage.Attachments.Add ( new MailAttachment ( AttachmentTextBox.Text , MailEncoding.Base64 ) ) ;

  //给邮件增加一个附件

  SmtpMail.Send ( aMessage ) ;

  //发送电子邮件

  MessageBox.Show( "电子邮件已经发送到->" + ToTextBox.Text ) ;

}

catch ( Exception ex )

{

  MessageBox.Show ( ex.Message.ToString ( ) ) ;

}

  }

  private void ExitButton_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )

  {

Application.Exit ( ) ;

  }

  private void BrowseButton_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )

  {

if ( openFileDialog1.ShowDialog ( ) == DialogResult.OK )

{

  AttachmentTextBox.Text = openFileDialog1.FileName ;

}  }

}



五.总结

至此我们已经用Visual C#完成了一个功能十分完备的电子邮件发送软件。可见,在程序中,起到关键作用的是.Net FrameWork SDK,正是他的丰富的类库,使得发送电子邮件变成一件十分轻松的事情。其实你也只有掌握了.Net FrameWork SDK中的类库,Visual C#才能发挥其最大的功能。