Pwn2Own Austin 2021 Cisco RV34x RCE 漏洞链复现

前言

这个RCE漏洞利用链的实现是由几个逻辑洞的结合而导致的，这几天我花了一些时间复现了一遍，在此记录一下。

固件解压

我下载的是RV345 v1.0.03.24，从官网下载到压缩包解压之后可以看到它的rootfs是ubi格式的img。之前我都是使用kali里的 binwalk 对其进行解压可以直接得到解压之后的文件系统。但是由于前几天我的虚拟机坏了，不得不进行重装，但是我还没有装 kali。故找了一下提取ubi格式的方式。在github上有一个项目：https://github.com/nlitsme/ubidump ，通过里面的ubidump.py可以很轻松的提取出ubi格式的文件。命令如下：

python3 ubidump.py -s . 0.ubi

漏洞分析

CVE-2022-20705 Improper Session Management Vulnerability

CVE-2022-20705 Improper Session Management Vulnerability，是由于nginx的配置不当导致的。nginx的配置文件是/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，如下

user www-data;
worker_processes  4;

error_log /dev/null;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
	access_log off;
	#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log  error;

	upstream jsonrpc {
		server 127.0.0.1:9000;
	}

	upstream rest {
		server 127.0.0.1:8008;
	}

	# For websocket proxy server
	include /var/nginx/conf.d/proxy.websocket.conf;
	include /var/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

可以发现它又加载了/var/nginx/conf.d/proxy.websocket.conf和/var/nginx/sites-enabled/，但是固件解压出来的rootfs里的var目录有些问题，所以笔者只能根据别人的文章找一下漏洞发生的配置文件。结合rest.url.conf和proxy.conf来看。

location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://rest;
        include /var/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf;
}

location /api/operations/ciscosb-file:file-copy {
	proxy_pass http://rest;
	include /var/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf;
	proxy_read_timeout 3600;
	proxy_send_timeout 3600;
}

location /api/operations/ciscosb-file:form-file-upload {
	set $deny 1;
 
	if ($http_authorization != "") {
		set $deny "0";
	}

	if ($deny = "1") {
		return 403;
	}


	upload_pass /form-file-upload;
	upload_store /tmp/upload;
	upload_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;
	upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.name "$upload_file_name";
	upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.content_type "$upload_content_type";
	upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";
	upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.md5" "$upload_file_md5";
	upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.size" "$upload_file_size";
	upload_pass_form_field "^.*$";
	upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505;
	upload_resumable on;
}

location /restconf/ {
        proxy_pass http://rest;
        include /var/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf;
}

location /restconf/operations/ciscosb-file:file-copy {
        proxy_pass http://rest;
        include /var/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf;
        proxy_read_timeout 3600;
        proxy_send_timeout 3600;
}

proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding "";
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_ssl_session_reuse off;
server_name_in_redirect off;

如果我们请求中Authorization不为空，此时set $deny "0"，就可以向下调用upload模块。它会在调用/form-file-upload前，把文件上传到/tmp/upload下。并且由于没有设置level，它的存储格式类似/tmp/upload/0000000001。至此我们可以实现任意文件上传至/tmp/upload。

我们接着向下分析，可以在rootfs/etc/nginx/conf.d下找到web.upload.conf如下：

location /form-file-upload {
	include uwsgi_params;
	proxy_buffering off;
	uwsgi_modifier1 9;
	uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9003;
	uwsgi_read_timeout 3600;
	uwsgi_send_timeout 3600;
}

location /upload {
	set $deny 1;

        if (-f /tmp/websession/token/$cookie_sessionid) {
                set $deny "0";
        }

        if ($deny = "1") {
                return 403;
        }

	upload_pass /form-file-upload;
	upload_store /tmp/upload;
	upload_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;
	upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.name "$upload_file_name";
	upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.content_type "$upload_content_type";
	upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";
	upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.md5" "$upload_file_md5";
	upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.size" "$upload_file_size";
	upload_pass_form_field "^.*$";
	upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505;
	upload_resumable on;
}

我们可以发现其对/upload进行了$cookie_sessionid的检验，但是并没有对/form-file-upload进行检验。我们看一下/form-file-upload的后端处理程序。启动脚本(uwsgi-launcher)如下：

#!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common

export UWSGI_PLUGIN_DIR=/usr/lib/uwsgi/plugins

start() {
        uwsgi -m --ini /etc/uwsgi/jsonrpc.ini &
        uwsgi -m --ini /etc/uwsgi/blockpage.ini &
        uwsgi -m --ini /etc/uwsgi/upload.ini &
}

stop() {
        killall -9 uwsgi
}

我们再去找一下/etc/uwsgi/upload.ini

[uwsgi]
plugins = cgi
workers = 1
master = 1
uid = www-data
gid = www-data
socket=127.0.0.1:9003
buffer-size=4096
cgi = /www/cgi-bin/upload.cgi
cgi-allowed-ext = .cgi
cgi-allowed-ext = .pl
cgi-timeout = 300
ignore-sigpipe = true

从上述文件中我们可以知道/form-file-upload它对应的后端处理程序是/www/cgi-bin/upload.cgi。因此我们可以无条件访问upload.cgi。

同时上述配置文件中我们可以看到检查了/tmp/websession/token/$cookie_sessionid文件是否存在。但是存在缺陷，就是这里的$cookie_sessionid是用户在http请求中传进去的一个值，它并没有检查是否存在../../，也就是说我们可以通过跨目录来导致授权绕过。如：我们可以传递../../../etc/firmware_version。

同时也可以看到在upload.cgi里对sessionid=进行了检查，限制了它的字符，但是并没有考虑到传多个sessionid=的情况。因为这里的sessionid=是遍历HTTP_COOKIE并且取出它最后一个sessionid=作为实际的sessionid=使用，所以我们可以传两个sessionid=。前一个用来绕过web.upload.conf里的判断，后一个当作正常的数据用来通过upload.cgi的判断。这样也可以实现无条件访问upload.cgi。