LaTeX的一些宏包及细节知识
文章来源：LaTeX的一些宏包及细节知识http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20289887-id-1710422.html
这篇是我一年前总结的一些细节知识，有些方法我现在也不怎么使用了，但应该都是正确的。现贴上，给自己一份纪念，给网友一份小礼。^_^
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,onecolumn]{article}
%
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%
\usepackage{CJK} % CJK 中文支持
\usepackage{geometry} % 利用 geometry 可以很方便的设置页面的大小。
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % 用 fancyhdr 来设置页眉和页脚十分方便，而且可以在配合 CCT、CJK来设置中文的页眉等。
\usepackage{fancyvrb} % 用来得到一些加框的列举环境
\usepackage{fancybox} % 提供了 \shadowbox, \doublebox, \ovalbox 和 \Ovalbox 四个命令来生成不同形状的盒子。
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,graphicx} % EPS 图片支持
\usepackage{subfigure} % 使用子图形
\usepackage{indentfirst} % 中文段落首行缩进
\usepackage{bm} % 公式中的粗体字符（用命令\boldsymbol）
\usepackage{multicol} % 正文双栏
\usepackage{picins} % 图片嵌入段落宏包 比如照片
\usepackage{abstract} % 2栏文档，一栏摘要及关键字宏包
\usepackage{anysize} % 对于像 book 等双面版式来说，这里的 left 和 right 再奇偶页会互换。
\usepackage{hyperref} % 文献引用的宏包
\usepackage{listings}\lstloadlanguages{C,C++,matlab,mathematica} %程序清单关键字宏包
\usepackage{color} % 可以产生有颜色的符号
\usepackage{units} % 用于美化单位及分式
\usepackage{tabularx} % 用于灵活地控制表格的生成
\usepackage{mathrsfs} % 用于产生一种数学用的花体字
%
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% 关于各个宏包的说明。
% CJK宏包中重要的命令为：
% \CJKcaption{GB} 章节标题为中文
% \CJKfamily{hei}{} %song, fs, kai, hei, songsl, fssl, kaisl, heisl
% CTEX中文套装中定义了六种中文字体，分别是
% song, 宋体
% fs, 仿宋
% kai, 楷书
% hei, 黑体 %以上这四种字体都是可以用的，并且还有对应的斜体可用（\it 即可）
% li, 隶书 %但看来这个是不能用的，怎样解决我还不知道，还不懂怎样安装字体
% yuan, 幼圆 %这个也不能用
% geometry宏包重要的命令为：
% \geometry{height=10in,a4paper,body={14cm,21cm}} %具体内容由自己改写
% fancyhdr宏包重要的命令为：
% 如下面所用到的页眉和页脚的定义，很典型的
% fancyvrb宏包重要的命令为：
% 很多，应用方法很灵活。具体查阅其说明文档
% fancybox宏包重要的命令为：
% \shadowbox{}和\doublebox{}，括号里面可以包含一个minipage环境，可以含一个图片
% amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,graphicx宏包重要的命令为：
% 这是一组非常重要的包，最重要的几个命令为：
% \dfrac{}{} %用于显示一种分数，我在一个自定义命令中用过一次
% \includegraphics[width=,height=]{} %插入图片的一般命令
% 有其它的一些常用的符号
% subfigure宏包重要的命令为：
% \subfigure[子标题]{\includegraphics[width=]{}} %详情见下
% indentfirst宏包重要的命令为：
% 用了这个宏包之后，只要在后面连续打两个回车，就可以开始一个新的段，非常方便
% multicol宏包重要的命令为：
% \begin{multicols}{2}
% .......
% \end{multicols}
% 把文字放在这个环境中，就可以使这些文字分成两栏，非常好用。
% picins宏包重要的命令为：
% \parpic(宽度，高度)(水平偏移，垂直偏移)[选项][位置]{图形}
% abstract宏包重要的命令为：
% 这个宏包我还没发现有有用的命令，但鉴于摘要的重要性，就保留它了。
% anysize宏包重要的命令为：
% \marginsize{25mm}{25mm}{15mm}{15mm}
% 用了anysize宏包以后，就可以用它方便地定义两面文档的装订对齐问题了，它会自动切换
% 详情见下
% hyperref宏包重要的命令为：
% 用了这个宏包之后，会发现所有的参考文献和交叉引用都具有了超链接功能，太棒了！
% listings宏包重要的命令为：
% 命令有一两个非常实用，主要是画框和控制程序清单字体的选项
% 它有一个很重要的特性，是可以把各种语言的关键字突显出来，很不错
% units宏包重要的命令为：
% $\nicefrac[\mathcal]{A}{B}$
% \nicefrac{A}{B}
% \nicefrac[\textit]{A}{B}
% $\unitfrac[#1]{#2}{#3}$
% $\unit[#1]{\it #2}$
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%
%纸张版式的定义
%\marginsize{25mm}{25mm}{15mm}{15mm} %用了anysize宏包以后，就可以用它方便地定义两面文档的装订对齐问题了，它会自动切换，即可代替下邻两句
\geometry{a4paper, hmargin={3.7cm, 3.3cm}, vmargin={1.8cm, 2.5cm}}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5} %定义行间距
\parindent 24pt %重新定义缩进长度
%
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% 自定义命令区
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%定义字体及字号
\newcommand{\song}{\CJKfamily{song}} % 宋体
\newcommand{\fs}{\CJKfamily{fs}} % 仿宋体
\newcommand{\kai}{\CJKfamily{kai}} % 楷体
\newcommand{\hei}{\CJKfamily{hei}} % 黑体
\newcommand{\chuhao}{\fontsize{42pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\xiaochuhao}{\fontsize{36pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\yihao}{\fontsize{28pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\erhao}{\fontsize{21pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\xiaoerhao}{\fontsize{18pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\sanhao}{\fontsize{15.75pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\sihao}{\fontsize{14pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\xiaosihao}{\fontsize{12pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\wuhao}{\fontsize{10.5pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\xiaowuhao}{\fontsize{9pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\liuhao}{\fontsize{7.875pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\qihao}{\fontsize{5.25pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}
%
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%下面这一块程序用于去掉图片标题中的冒号
\makeatletter
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
\sbox\@tempboxa{#1\quad #2}%
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
#1\quad #2\par
\else
\global \@minipagefalse
\hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
\fi
\vskip\belowcaptionskip}
\makeatother
%
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%下面这一片区域用来定义程序清单环境中的样式细节设置
\lstset
{
frameround=tttt, % define the frame style
%frameshape={RYRYNYYYY}{yny}{yny}{RYRYNYYYY}
basicstyle=\small, % print whole listing small
%keywordstyle=\color{red}\underbar, % underlined bold red keywords
%identifierstyle={}, % nothing happens to other identifiers
%commentstyle=\color{white}, % white comments
%stringstyle=\ttfamily, % typewriter type for strings
%stringspaces=false % no special string spaces
}
%
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% 关于去掉首页的页码的方法
% 在\maketitle后加上\thispagestyle{empty}就可以了
% 想让所有的页都无页码，则如下操作
% \makeatletter
% \let\ps@plain=\ps@empty
% \makeatother
% \pagestyle{empty}
%
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% 把proof环境中的关键字proof改为"证明"的方法
% \proofname{证明}
% 或
% \begin{proof}{证明}
% ........
% \end{proof}
%
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%这一块用来美化行内公式时靠字太紧的现象
\newcommand{\f}[1]{\,\,$#1$\,}
%
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%这一块用来美化输出一行序列时的各元素项靠得太紧的情况
\newcommand{\seq}[4]{{\,\,(#1\,\,\,}{#2\,\,\,}{#3\,\,\,}{#4)}}
\newcommand{\se}[4]{{\,\,#1\,\,\,}{#2\,\,\,}{#3\,\,\,}{#4\,}}
%
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% 脚注的行号默认是从每一章开始计数的，现在要求从每一页开始计数
% \makeatletter\@addtoreset{footnote}{page}
% \makeatother
%
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% 这一句用来把脚注的序号由*号改成阿拉伯数字，当然也可换成其它几种类型之一
% \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}}
% \renewcommand{\thepage}{--\roman{page}--} %变化非常多，应用很灵活
% 编号方式一共有五种：\arabic, \roman, \Roman, \alph, \Alph
% 常用的计数器有\thepage<-->page, \thechapter<-->chapter, \theequation<-->equation
% \thefootnote<-->footnote, \thefigure<-->figure, \thetable<-->table
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% 此行代码用来美化分式的输出
%\newcommand{\tgfrac}[2]{\raisebox{0.1cm}{\dfrac{\raisebox{-0.07cm}{\it #1}}{\raisebox{-0.01cm}{\it #2}}}\,}
% 另外，在有\usepackage{units}的情况下，还可以用\nicefrac[\mathcal]{#1}{#2}进行左右型的分式输出
%
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% 此行使标号引用的形式更好看一点
%\newcommand{\re}[1]{\,(\ref{#1})\,} %后面就用在要加参考文献的地方
%
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% 此行使文献引用以上标形式显示
\newcommand{\supercite}[1]{\textsuperscript{\cite{#1}}} %后面就用在要加参考文献的地方
% 写上\supercite{自定的符号}即可
%
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% 简化列举环境中的打字的繁琐
%\newcommand{\tgitem}{\vspace{-2.8mm}\item}
%
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% 正文两栏环境不允许float环境，比如 figure, table。所以重新定义
% figure，使之可以浮动到你想要的位置。table也同样，把figure改为
% table就可以。
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%\newenvironment{figurehere}
% {\def\@captype{figure}}
% {}
%\makeatother
%
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% 文章正文
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%
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK*}{GBK}{song}
\CJKcaption{GB}
%
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% 此行代码用来美化汉字中数字及字母的输出
%\newcommand{\m}[1]{\,#1\,}
% 另外，在有\usepackage{units}的情况下，还可以用\nicefrac{#1}{#2}进行左右型的分式输出
%
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% 此行代码用来美化汉字中破折号的输出
%\newcommand{\pzh}{\,－\!\!－\,} %破折号，在这里定义的原因是－为全角符号，只能在CJK声明后才能识别
%
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% 此行代码用来美化汉字中小括号和中括号的输出
%\newcommand{\xkh}[1]{\!\!（#1）\!\!}
%\newcommand{\zkh}[1]{\!\!［#1］\!\!}
%
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% 这一块用来记录一些很细微的经验
% *\!缩小1/3个半角字符宽，\,增加1/3个半角字符宽，\quad 增加一个全角字符宽，\qquad 增加两个全角字符宽
% *中文的破折号用“－\!\!－”来表示。
% *$A\stackrec{1;/\!/}{=}B$会得到使平行号骑在等号上面的效果
% *空心方块如下表示：\hfill\blacksquare
% *要得到数学中的花体字，得\usepackage{mathrsfs} 然后后面再用$\mathscr{ABCD..}$引用
% *公式中用\text{-}表示短横线
% *用\usepackage{letteine}使文章的英文第一个字母变大
%
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