对比MFC资源文件谈谈WPF布局方式
对比MFC资源文件谈谈WPF布局方式
MFC方式
对于传统的MFC基于UI的应用程序设计通常分两步走,首先是设计UI,使用的是RC文件,然后是代码文件,对RC文件进行操作,如下面Figure 1 的基于对话框的应用程序,其对应的代码如Figure 2所示,这就是MFC时代的所见即所得,如大家所见,每个控件的代码都和位置都是写死的坐标,这样会带来的问题是当你改变系统运行的的DPI或者软件需要支持本地化的时候,由于有的语言对于同样的意思需要比较长的文字表示,就会带来文字显示不下或者显示不完整的情况。解决问题的方式想必大家都遇见过,手动的去拖拽控件的大小,然后再在不同的语言的系统上进行测试,整个过程异常繁琐,而且错误百出。
Figure 1 MFC对话框 UI设计
IDD_MAINWIDNOW DIALOGEX 0, 0, 201, 250 STYLE DS_SYSMODAL | DS_SETFONT | DS_SETFOREGROUND | DS_FIXEDSYS | DS_CENTER | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_POPUP | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU CAPTION "SendMessage" MENU IDC_SENDMESSAGE CLASS "SendMessage" FONT 8, "MS Shell Dlg", 400, 0, 0x1 BEGIN CONTROL 137,IDC_CAPTURE,"Static",SS_BITMAP,162,68,21,17 GROUPBOX "Message",IDC_STATIC,6,94,188,131 COMBOBOX IDC_WINDOWSMESSAGE,72,106,118,30,CBS_DROPDOWNLIST | CBS_SORT | WS_VSCROLL | WS_TABSTOP EDITTEXT IDC_LPARAM,72,124,118,14,ES_AUTOHSCROLL EDITTEXT IDC_WPARAM,72,142,118,14,ES_AUTOHSCROLL LTEXT "Results from window:",IDC_STATIC,12,162,70,8 EDITTEXT IDC_RESULTS,12,174,178,45,ES_MULTILINE | ES_AUTOHSCROLL | ES_READONLY | NOT WS_BORDER PUSHBUTTON "Send message",IDC_SENDMESSAGE,107,229,87,14 GROUPBOX "Window",IDC_STATIC,6,7,186,83 CONTROL "Message:",IDC_STATIC,"Static",SS_SIMPLE | WS_GROUP,12,108,54,8,WS_EX_RIGHT CONTROL "wParam:",IDC_STATIC,"Static",SS_SIMPLE | WS_GROUP,12,126,54,8,WS_EX_RIGHT CONTROL "lParam:",IDC_STATIC,"Static",SS_SIMPLE | WS_GROUP,12,144,54,8,WS_EX_RIGHT CONTROL "Handle:",IDC_STATIC,"Static",SS_SIMPLE | WS_GROUP,12,18,54,8,WS_EX_RIGHT EDITTEXT IDC_WINDOW_HANDLE,72,16,118,14,ES_AUTOHSCROLL CONTROL "Window name:",IDC_STATIC,"Static",SS_SIMPLE | WS_GROUP,12,34,54,8,WS_EX_RIGHT EDITTEXT IDC_WINDOW_NAME,72,32,118,14,ES_AUTOHSCROLL EDITTEXT IDC_WINDOW_CLASS,72,48,118,14,ES_AUTOHSCROLL CONTROL "Window class:",IDC_STATIC,"Static",SS_SIMPLE | WS_GROUP,12,50,54,8,WS_EX_RIGHT PUSHBUTTON "Highlight Window",IDC_HIGHLIGHT_WINDOW,12,72,96,14 END
Figure 2 MFC对话框 UI代码
WPF方式
微软当然知道传统MFC程序的问题,终极的解决方案就是WPF布局,WPF的主流的最简单的布局方式有一下5种。
-Canvas
-StackPanel
-WrapPanel
-DockPanel
-Grid
举例来说DockPanel,简单的几行代码,对5个button进行了布局,大家可以看到,整个布局过程没有一个坐标,这样带来的还出就是改变窗口大小或者DPI,国际化,都不需要任何额外的工作,生活如此美好。
<Window x:Class="WpfApp.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="Hi There!" Height="350" Width="525"> <DockPanel> <Button DockPanel.Dock=" Top" Background=" pink" >1 (Top)</Button> <Button DockPanel.Dock=" Left" Background=" Orange" >2 (Left)</Button> <Button DockPanel.Dock=" Right" Background=" Yellow" >3 (Right)</Button> <Button DockPanel.Dock=" Bottom" Background=" Lime" >4 (Bottom)</Button> <Button Background=" Aqua" >5</Button> </DockPanel> </Window>
Figure 3 简单WPF布局方式
Figure 4 简单WPF布局方式效果图
当然WPF的能力不止于此,应用WPF完全可以做出基于MFC没办法做出来,或者很难做出来的效果,而且极其简单明了,这就是框架的力量,下面我们来看一个稍微复杂点的例子,当然这样的例子在网上随处可见,不作为奇,但是已经可以说明一定的问题。我们先来看看效果图,然后是源代码。
Figure 5 一个稍微复杂的WPF布局方式效果图
<Window x:Class="MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="Hi There!" > <DockPanel> <Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top"> <MenuItem Header="File"/> <MenuItem Header="Edit"/> <MenuItem Header="View"/> <MenuItem Header="Project"/> <MenuItem Header="Build"/> <MenuItem Header="Data"/> <MenuItem Header="Tools"/> <MenuItem Header="Window"/> <MenuItem Header="Community"/> <MenuItem Header="Help"/> </Menu> <StackPanel Name="buttonBar" Orientation="Horizontal" DockPanel.Dock="Right"> <StackPanel.LayoutTransform> <RotateTransform Angle="90"/> </StackPanel.LayoutTransform> <Button Name="pane1Button" MouseEnter="pane1Button_MouseEnter"> Toolbox </Button> <Button Name="pane2Button" MouseEnter="pane2Button_MouseEnter"> Solution Explorer </Button> </StackPanel> <Grid Name="parentGrid" Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True"> <Grid Name="layer0" MouseEnter="layer0_MouseEnter"> <!-- Define four rows: --> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <!-- Define two columns: --> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/> <ColumnDefinition/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Background="Blue" Foreground="White" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"> <Label.LayoutTransform> <ScaleTransform ScaleX="2" ScaleY="2" /> </Label.LayoutTransform> SolidMango </Label> <GroupBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Background="White" Header="Recent Projects">...</GroupBox> <GroupBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Background="White" Header="Getting Started">...</GroupBox> <GroupBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Background="White" Header="Headlines">...</GroupBox> <GroupBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Grid.RowSpan="3" Background="White" Header="Online Articles"> <ListBox> <ListBoxItem>Item #1</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>Item #2</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>Item #3</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>Item #4</ListBoxItem> </ListBox> </GroupBox> </Grid> <Grid Name="layer1" Visibility="Collapsed"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="column1" Width="auto"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid Grid.Column="1" MouseEnter="pane1_MouseEnter" Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionBrushKey}}" > <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="auto"/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <DockPanel Grid.Row="0"> <Button Width="26" Name="pane1Pin" DockPanel.Dock="Right" Click="pane1Pin_Click" Background="White"> <Image Name="pane1PinImage" Source="pinHorizontal.gif"/> </Button> <TextBlock Padding="8" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" Foreground="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionTextBrushKey}}" DockPanel.Dock="Left">Toolbox</TextBlock> </DockPanel> <ListBox Padding="10" Grid.Row="1"> <ListBoxItem>Button</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>CheckBox</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>ComboBox</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>Label</ListBoxItem> <ListBoxItem>ListBox</ListBoxItem> </ListBox> </Grid> <GridSplitter Width="5" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left"/> </Grid> <Grid Name="layer2" Visibility="Collapsed"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="column2" Width="auto"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid Grid.Column="1" MouseEnter="pane2_MouseEnter" Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionBrushKey}}"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="auto"/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <DockPanel Grid.Row="0"> <Button Width="26" Name="pane2Pin" DockPanel.Dock="Right" Click="pane2Pin_Click" Background="White"> <Image Name="pane2PinImage" Source="pinHorizontal.gif"/> </Button> <TextBlock Padding="8" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" Foreground="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionTextBrushKey}}" DockPanel.Dock="Left">Solution Explorer</TextBlock> </DockPanel> <ToolBar Grid.Row="1"> <Button> <Image Source="iconVSproperties.bmp"/> </Button> <Button> <Image Source="iconVSshowall.bmp"/> </Button> <Button> <Image Source="iconVSrefresh.bmp"/> </Button> </ToolBar> <TreeView Grid.Row="2"> <TreeViewItem Header="My Solution"> <TreeViewItem Header="Project #1"/> <TreeViewItem Header="Project #2"/> <TreeViewItem Header="Project #3"/> </TreeViewItem> </TreeView> </Grid> <GridSplitter Width="5" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left"/> </Grid> </Grid> </DockPanel> </Window>
Figure 6 一个稍微复杂的WPF布局方式源代码
总结
对比两种UI设计方式,读者不难看出,WPF对于UI设计的优越性是MFC RC方式无可匹敌的,无论是从生产力还是界面的美观性上来讲,差一代的技术,差的还是很明显的,WPF的UI设计方式受HTML的启发,在里面能看到很多的HTML的影子,当年微软以一个轻量级的WPF--silverlight 剑指 HTML,虽然silverlight 已经一败涂地,但是WPF仍然是Windows UI 设计的首选。