1.小文件上传
1.单文件上传
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi import File
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/file")
async def file_upload(file: bytes = File(..., max_length=2097152)):
"""使用File类，文件内容会以bytes的形式读入内存，适合小上传文件"""
with open("D:\\lufei.jpg", "wb") as f:
f.write(file)
return {"file_size": len(file)}
if __name__ == '__main__':
uvicorn.run('main:app', host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True,
debug=True, workers=1)
2.多文件上传
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi import File
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/file")
async def file_upload(file: List[bytes] = File(..., max_length=2097152)):
"""使用File类，文件内容会以bytes的形式读入内存，适合小上传文件"""
return {"file_size": len(file)}
if __name__ == '__main__':
uvicorn.run('main:app', host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True,
debug=True, workers=1)
2.大文件上传
1.单文件上传
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi import UploadFile
app = FastAPI()
@users.post("/upload_file")
async def file_upload(file: UploadFile = File(...)):
"""
使用UploadFile类的优势：
1.文件开始存储在内存中，使用内存达到阈值后，将被保存在磁盘中
2.适合于图片、视频大文件
3.可以获取上传的文件的元数据，如文件名，创建时间等
4.有文件对象的异步接口
5.上传的文件是Python文件对象，可以使用write()、read()、seek()、close()等操做
:param file:
:return:
"""
with open(f"D:\\{file.filename}", 'wb') as f:
for i in iter(lambda: file.file.read(1024 * 1024 * 10), b''):
f.write(i)
f.close()
return {"file_name": file.filename}
if __name__ == '__main__':
uvicorn.run('main:app', host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True,
debug=True, workers=1)
2.多文件上传
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi import UploadFile
app = FastAPI()
@users.post("/upload_file")
async def file_upload(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
for file in files:
with open(f"D:\\{file.filename}", 'wb') as f:
for i in iter(lambda: file.file.read(1024 * 1024 * 10), b''):
f.write(i)
f.close()
return {"file_name": [file.filename for file in files]}
if __name__ == '__main__':
uvicorn.run('main:app', host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True,
debug=True, workers=1)
3.大文件切片上传和断点续传
1.逻辑思路
2.代码示例
import os
import shutil
from pathlib import Path
from fastapi import FastAPI
import uvicorn
import aiofiles
from fastapi import Body, File, UploadFile
app = FastAPI()
base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
upload_file_path = Path(base_dir, './uploads')
@app.post("/upload")
async def upload_file(
identifier: str = Body(..., description="文件唯一标识符"),
number: str = Body(..., description="文件分片序号（初值为0）"),
file: UploadFile = File(..., description="文件")
):
"""文件分片上传"""
path = Path(upload_file_path, identifier)
if not os.path.exists(path):
os.makedirs(path)
file_name = Path(path, f'{identifier}_{number}')
if not os.path.exists(file_name):
async with aiofiles.open(file_name, 'wb') as f:
await f.write(await file.read())
return {
'code': 1,
'chunk': f'{identifier}_{number}'
}
@app.put("/merge")
async def merge_file(
name: str = Body(..., description="文件名称（不含后缀）"),
file_type: str = Body(..., description="文件类型/后缀"),
identifier: str = Body(..., description="文件唯一标识符")
):
"""合并分片文件"""
target_file_name = Path(upload_file_path, f'{name}.{file_type}')
path = Path(upload_file_path, identifier)
try:
async with aiofiles.open(target_file_name, 'wb+') as target_file: # 打开目标文件
for i in range(len(os.listdir(path))):
temp_file_name = Path(path, f'{identifier}_{i}')
async with aiofiles.open(temp_file_name, 'rb') as temp_file: # 按序打开每个分片
data = await temp_file.read()
await target_file.write(data) # 分片内容写入目标文件
except Exception as e:
return {
'code': 0,
'error': f'合并失败：{e}'
}
shutil.rmtree(path) # 删除临时目录
return {
'code': 1,
'name': f'{name}.{file_type}'
}
if __name__ == '__main__':
uvicorn.run('main:app', host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True,
debug=True, workers=1)
4.大文件切片下载，断点续下
1.代码示例
import os
import re
import stat
from email.utils import formatdate
from mimetypes import guess_type
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import quote
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from fastapi import Path as F_Path
from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse
app = FastAPI()
base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
upload_file_path = Path(base_dir, './uploads')
@app.get("/downloads/{file_name}")
async def download_file(
scope: str = Header(default="bytes=0", regex=r"bytes=\d+"),
file_name: str = F_Path(..., description="文件名称（含后缀）")
):
"""分片下载文件，支持断点续传"""
# 检查文件是否存在
file_path = Path(upload_file_path, file_name)
if not os.path.exists(file_path):
return {
'code': 0,
'error': '文件不存在'
}
# 获取文件的信息
stat_result = os.stat(file_path)
content_type, encoding = guess_type(file_path)
content_type = content_type or 'application/octet-stream'
# 读取文件的起始位置和终止位置
range_match = re.search(r'bytes=(\d+)-(\d+)', scope, re.S) or re.search(r'bytes=(\d+)-', scope, re.S)
if range_match:
start_bytes = int(range_match.group(1))
end_bytes = int(range_match.group(2)) if range_match.lastindex == 2 else stat_result.st_size - 1
else:
start_bytes = 0
end_bytes = stat_result.st_size - 1
# 这里 content_length 表示剩余待传输的文件字节长度 判断是否为一般文件
content_length = stat_result.st_size - start_bytes if stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode) else stat_result.st_size
# 构建文件名称
name, *suffix = file_name.rsplit('.', 1)
suffix = f'.{suffix[0]}' if suffix else ''
filename = quote(f'{name}{suffix}') # 文件名编码，防止中文名报错
# 打开文件从起始位置开始分片读取文件
return StreamingResponse(
file_iterator(file_path, start_bytes, 1024 * 1024 * 1), # 每次读取 1M
media_type=content_type,
headers={
'content-disposition': f'attachment; filename="{filename}"',
'accept-ranges': 'bytes',
'connection': 'keep-alive',
'content-length': str(content_length),
'content-range': f'bytes {start_bytes}-{end_bytes}/{stat_result.st_size}',
'last-modified': formatdate(stat_result.st_mtime, usegmt=True),
},
status_code=206 if start_bytes > 0 else 200
)
def file_iterator(file_path, offset, chunk_size):
"""
文件生成器
:param file_path: 文件绝对路径
:param offset: 文件读取的起始位置
:param chunk_size: 文件读取的块大小
:return: yield
"""
with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
f.seek(offset, os.SEEK_SET)
while True:
data = f.read(chunk_size)
if data:
yield data
else:
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
uvicorn.run('main:app', host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True,
debug=True, workers=1)
2.相关模块解读
import os
stat_result = os.stat("D:\lufei.jpg")
"""
stat_result(
st_mode=33206, # 保护模式
st_ino=844424930132018, # 索引号
st_dev=2222159220, # 设备名
st_nlink=1, # 硬链接号（被连接数目）
st_uid=0, # 用户 ID
st_gid=0, # 组 ID
st_size=20152, # 文件大小，以字节为单位
st_atime=1656044665, # 最后一次访问时间
st_mtime=1656038259, # 文件最后一次修改时间
st_ctime=1656038259 # 最后一次状态变化的时间，操作系统不会，该属性对应的结果也不同，例如在 Windows 操作系统下返回的就是文件的创建时间。
)
"""
import stat
if stat.S_ISREG(st_mode): #判断是否一般文件
print("xxxxx")
elif stat.S_ISLNK(st_mode): #判断是否链接文件
print("xxxxx")
elif stat.S_ISSOCK(st_mode): #判断是否套接字文件
print("xxxxx")
elif stat.S_ISFIFO(st_mode): #判断是否命名管道
print("xxxxx")
elif stat.S_ISBLK(st_mode): #判断是否块设备
print("xxxxx")
elif stat.S_ISCHR(st_mode): #判断是否字符设置
print("xxxxx")
elif stat.S_ISDIR(st_mode): #判断是否目录
print("xxxxx")
# 查看文件权限
perm_code = stat.S_IMODE(st_mode)
perm = oct(perm_code)
# 获取文件类型
stat.S_IFMT(st_mode)
